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991.
R. Refinetti C. M. Kaufman M. Menaker 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1994,175(2):223-232
The effects of suprachiasmatic and control lesions on the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and body temperature were studied in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) maintained in constant light as well as constant darkness. Large suprachiasmatic lesions, but not control lesions, eliminated circadian rhythmicity in locomotor activity as well as in body temperature. Analysis of the robustness of the rhythms of locomotor activity and body temperature in unlesioned and lesioned animals suggests that, because body temperature rhythmicity is more robust than locomotor rhythmicity, lesions that spare a small number of suprachiasmatic cells might abolish the latter but not the former. Our results do not support the hypothesis that the body temperature rhythm is controlled by a circadian pacemaker distinct from the main pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. 相似文献
992.
During the period of synapse elimination, motoneurons are impaired in their ability to generate or regenerate axonal branches: following partial denervation of their target muscle, young motoneurons do not sprout to nearby denervated fibers and after axonal injury, they fail to reinnervate the muscle. In the rat levator ani (LA) muscle, which is innervated by motoneurons in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB), synapse elemination ends relatively late in development and can be regulated by testosterone. We took advantage of this system to determine if the end of synapse elimination and the development of regenerative capabilities by motoneurons share a common mechanism, or, alternatively, if these two events can be dissociated in time. Axotomy on or before postnatal day 14 (P14) caused the death of SNB motoneurons. By P21, toward the end of synapse elimination in the LA muscle, SNB motoneurons had developed the ability to survive axonal injury. Altering testosterone levels by castration on P7 followed by 4 weeks of either testosterone propionate or control injections did not change the ability of SNB motoneurons to survive axonal injury during development, although these same treatments alter the time course of synapse elimination in the LA muscle. Thus, we dissociated the inability of SNB motoneurons to recover from axonal injury from their developmental elimination of synaptic terminals. We also measured the effect of early axotomy on motoneuronal soma size and on target muscle weight. Axotomy on P14 caused a long-lasting decrease in the soma size of surviving SNB motoneurons, whereas motoneurons axotomized on P28 recovered their normal soma size. Axotomy on or before P7 caused severe atrophy of the target muscles, matching the extensive loss of motoneurons. However, target muscle recovery after axotomy on P14 was as good as recovery after axotomy at later ages, despite greater motoneuronal death after axotomy on P14. This result may reflect an increase in motor unit size, a decrease in polyneuronal innervation by SNB motoneurons that survive axotomy on P14, or a combination of the two. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
993.
Emmanuel N. Pothos Luis Hernandez Bartley G. Hoebel 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》1995,3(Z4):525S-529S
In rats reduced to 80% of normal body weight (n=9), the basal levels of extracellular dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAC), as determined by microdialysis, decreased significantly to 33 % (mean ± SEM) of their normal baseline (p<.01). Basal extracellullar DA did not change significantly over a matching 3-week period in controls (n=7). No changes were observed in NAC serotonin after weight reduction. These results indicate that parts of the mesolimbic DA system are depressed in underweight rats. The observed decrease in basal DA may be responsible for a variety of behavioral changes observed in undernourished humans and animals including the tendency to eat and gain weight when food becomes available. Given that DA can be released in the NAC when rats self-inject drugs of abuse, the present findings may help explain why animals increase drug intake when they are underweight. 相似文献
994.
本实验探讨分别兴奋缰核不同部位引起血压和痛阈变化的关系。实验分别在戊巴比妥钠和乌拉坦麻醉的大鼠上进行,采用玻璃微电极微量注射的方法,将L-谷氨酸(L-Glu)分别注入到大鼠内侧缰核(MHb)和外侧缰核(LHb),分别观察痛阈和血压变化。结果显示:MHb兴奋可明显提高痛阈和血压,痛阈提高53%,血压由13.87±2.14升高至16.21±2.42kPa(P<0.001)。而LHb兴奋引起痛阈降低36%,血压由14.8±2.06降低到达13.09±1.82kPa(P<0.001)。应用同一动物,分别兴奋内侧和外侧经核,同时观察痛阈和血压变化,所得结果和分组实验一致。结果表明兴奋缰核对痛阈和心血管活动的影响具有部位特异性,同时在现出两者之间的密切联系。 相似文献
995.
996.
Olga M. Echeverría Anglica Gonzalez Maciel Abdulmaged M. Traish Herbert H. Wotiz Ernestina Ubaldo Gerardo H. Vzquez-Nin 《Biology of the cell / under the auspices of the European Cell Biology Organization》1994,81(3):257-265
Summary— The localization of estradiol receptor (ER) in various tissues and their distribution in sub-cellular compartments were studied by means of immunogold-electron microscopic methods using a site-directed polyclonal antibody developed against a peptide from the DNA binding site of ER. This method was used to determine the presence and localization of ER in tissues and cells of male and female reproductive and non-reproductive organs. In the female reproductive tract, endometrial cells and the cells of the corpus luteum were found to contain ER. In non-reproductive organs of both sexes the following cell types showed significant labeling: hepatocytes, epithelial duodenal cells, striated muscle fibers, cells of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney, lymphocytes, neurons, and adipose cells. Alveolar epithelial cells were studied only in female specimens and were labeled by the anti-ER. Prostatic and epididymal epithelial cells were found to be labeled in the male reproductive organs. In all these cells a higher density of label was found in the nucleus, especially in the space between the clumps of compact chromatin, as was previously found in epithelial endometrial cells. These results suggest that estradiol exerts its effects through a common nuclear mechanism in cells of male and female reproductive and non-reproductive organs. 相似文献
997.
Jeffery D. Kocsis Mark N. Rand Karen L. Lankford Stephen G. Waxman 《Developmental neurobiology》1994,25(3):252-264
Cultured adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were used to study depolarization-induced Ca2+ mobilization and the effects of intracellular Ca2+ depletion on neurite outgrowth. Cytoplasmic and nuclear Ca2+ signals were visualized in dissociated DRG neurons using confocal scanning laser microspcopy and the Ca2+ indicator dye fluo-3. The depolarization-induced Ca2+ signals were highest in neurons during the first few days in culture, prior to neurite extension; during this time nuclear signals exceeded those of the cytoplasm severalfold. After several days in culture, neurons began to arborize, depolarization-induced Ca2+ signals became attenuated, and nuclear signals no longer exceeded those of the cytoplasm. Elevated Ca2+ signals were dependent upon both Ca2+ influx and intact intracellular Ca2+ stores, indicating that the signals are generated by calcuim-induced calcium release (CICR). Thapsigargin, an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase inhibitor, depleted intracellular Ca2+ stores and blocked the induction of the large nuclear Ca2+ signals. Treating DRG neurons briefly with thapsigargin (200 nM for 20 min) shortly after plating reduced subsequent neuritogenesis, impyling that intact Ca2+ stores are necessery for initiating neurite outgrowth. Immunostaining of DRG neurons with antibodies to Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaM kinase II) demonstrated that this enzyme is present in the nucleus at early times in culture. These observations are consistent with the idea that CICR triggered by Ca2+ entry subsequent to depolarization may elicit neurite outgrowth by activating nuclear enzymes appropriate for such outgrowth. © 1994 John Wile & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
998.
用计算机叠加平均和脑干神经核团立体定位技术记录10只豚鼠耳蜗核内听觉诱发电位(CN-AEP)。对CN-AEP时域波形中主波的潜伏期、振幅进行分析,并与豚鼠脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)时域波形进行比较,认为CN-AEP是BAEPⅡ波的主要成分。用自回归模型谱(AR谱)估计及数字滤波技术对CN-AEP行频域分析,发现豚鼠CN-AEP的频谱成分主要在1000Hz以下,在AR谱图上有3个峰,F0、F1和F2,谱峰分别位于180、710、1200Hz左右,略高于豚鼠BAEP的相应谱峰频率,其原因尚待进一步探讨。 相似文献
999.
Ayana Hasegawa Miwa Watanabe Hironari Osada Misato Ogawa Hikaru Ohno Nanako Yanuma Kazuaki Sasaki Minoru Shimoda Junsuke Shirai Keitaro Ohmori 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2018,495(3):2184-2188
A time-of-day-dependent variation in IgE-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis was previously reported in ICR mice. In the present study, we investigated time-of-day-dependent variations in IgE-, histamine-, and platelet-activating factor (PAF)-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in C57BL/6, BALB/c, and NC/Nga mice at 9:00?h and 21:00?h, and evaluated the potential influence of glucocorticoids (GCs) on these variations. We found significant time-of-day-dependent variations in IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in C57BL/6 mice, and in histamine- and PAF-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in BALB/c mice. Significant daily variations in IgE-, histamine-, and PAF-mediated systemic anaphylaxis were not observed in NC/Nga mice. Pretreatment with dexamethasone and adrenalectomy abolished the daily variations in IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in C57BL/6 mice and in PAF-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in BALB/c mice, suggesting that GCs from adrenal glands are pivotal in regulating these variations. In contrast, pretreatment with dexamethasone and adrenalectomy did not abolish the daily variation in histamine-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in BALB/c mice, suggesting that GC-independent and adrenal gland-independent mechanisms are important for the variation. The present study demonstrated that time-of-day-dependent variations in systemic anaphylaxis differed among inbred mouse strains and with anaphylaxis-inducing substances. Thus, mouse strains, time of experiment, and anaphylaxis-inducing substances used must be considered to obtain appropriate experimental results. 相似文献
1000.
In zebrafish, apart from mononuclear melanophores, bi‐ and trinuclear melanophores are frequently observed; however, the manner in which multinucleation of these cells occurs during fish development remains unknown. Here, we analyzed the processes underlying multinucleation of zebrafish melanophores. Transgenic zebrafish in which melanophore nuclei were labeled with a histone H2B‐red fluorescent reporter protein were used to evaluate the distribution of mono‐, bi‐, and trinuclear melanophores in both the trunk and fin. Half of the melanophores examined were binuclear and approximately 1% were trinuclear. We compared cell size, cell motility, and survival rate between mono‐ and binuclear melanophores grown in a culture dish, and we found that cell size and survival rate were significantly larger in binuclear melanophores. We then analyzed the behavior of melanoblasts and melanophores from transgenic zebrafish using in vivo and in vitro live‐cell imaging. We detected division and differentiation of melanoblasts, as well as melanoblast nuclear division without subsequent cellular division. In addition, we observed cellular and nuclear division in melanophores, although these events were very infrequent in vitro. On the basis of our findings, we present a scheme for melanophore multinucleation in zebrafish. 相似文献