乌鲁木齐南部山区地生地衣群落分布格局

为了查明乌鲁木齐南部山区地生地衣群落分布格局,作者选取了24个样点(20 m×20 m),设置了240个50cm×50 cm样方,调查地生地衣的种类及盖度,分析其分布格局及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明,乌鲁木齐南部山区共有地生地衣17种,隶属于2目5科10属.聚类分析和DCA排序将该地区的地生地衣分为4个主要样点组,分...     

全子宫切除术后盆腔肿块的发生因素调查分析

目的:调查与探讨全子宫切除术后患者出现盆腔肿块的发生因素。方法:2017年9月至2019年3月选择在北部战区总医院(本院)进行择期全子宫切除术的女性患者178例,所有患者都给予全子宫切除术,患者取膀胱截石位,选用连续硬膜外麻醉或静脉复合麻醉,宫颈扩张棒扩张宫颈口,切除病灶部位。记录所有患者的一般资料(包括疾病类型、孕次、产次、年龄、体重指数等)与围手术期指标(包括手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后住院时间),以及术后并发症发生情况;在术后6个月进行经阴道超声观察,判断患者术后盆腔肿块发生情况并进行调查分析。结果:术后随访6个月,178例患者中发生盆腔肿块14例,发生率为7.9%。发生其他并发症17例,其中切口感染4例,淋巴囊肿6例,尿潴留5例,下肢静脉血栓2例。在178例患者中,不同手术时间、术中出血量、孕次、产次、年龄、疾病类型患者的盆部肿发生率对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以单因素分析中有统计学意义的指标作为自变量,以盆腔肿块作为因变量,Logistic回归分析显示手术时间、孕次、产次、疾病类型等为导致盆腔肿块发生的主要因素(P<0.05)。结论:女性全子宫切除术后患者盆腔肿块比较常见,手术时间、孕次、产次、疾病类型等为导致盆腔肿块发生的主要因素。     

硬膜外麻醉无痛分娩、剖宫产和自然分娩对盆底组织功能的影响

摘要 目的：比较不同的分娩方法（自然分娩、无痛分娩、剖宫产）对产妇盆底组织功能的影响。方法：选择2019年10月～2020年11月在我院进行分娩的80例产妇,其中,自然分娩组15例,无痛分娩组26例、剖宫产组39例。记录自然分娩组和无痛分娩组第一、第二产程的疼痛程度和第一、第二产程所需时间,巨大儿、新生儿黄疸、低体重儿和新生儿窒息等母婴结局,Apgar评分、产时出血量和胎儿体重;且检查产妇的盆底肌力,记录自然分娩组、无痛分娩组、剖宫产组的尿失禁发生率。结果：无痛分娩组的第一、第二产程的视觉模拟评分法（Visual analog scales,VAS）评分和第一、第二产程所需时间明显低于自然分娩组(P<0.05);自然分娩组和无痛分娩组的巨大儿、新生儿黄疸、低体重儿和新生儿窒息率无明显差异(P>0.05);自然分娩组和无痛分娩组的Apgar评分、产时出血量和胎儿体重无明显差异(P>0.05);无痛分娩组的盆底肌力明显高于自然分娩组(P<0.05),剖宫产组的盆底肌力明显高于无痛分娩组(P<0.05);三组尿失禁的发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：无痛分娩不但能减轻分娩疼痛程度,还能减轻对盆底组织功能的损伤,值得进行推广。     

经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定与切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗Tile B、C型骨盆骨折的比较研究

摘要 目的：对比经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定与切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗Tile B、C型骨盆骨折的临床效果。方法：选取本院2018年3月至2021年10月收治的Tile B、C型骨盆骨折患者共68例进行前瞻性研究。将纳入患者按随机数字表法分为经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定治疗（观察组）与切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗（对照组），每组各34例。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后早期疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、住院时间及术后早期并发症发生率；此外随访6个月，观察患者术后Matta影像学评分标准优良率（Matta优良率）、Majeed骨盆骨折功能评分（Majeed评分）和术后骨折愈合时间，另记录术后6个月时两组术后并发症发生情况。结果：两组手术时间、术后3天VAS评分、术后7天VAS评分、住院时间及术后骨折愈合时间比较均未见明显差异（P>0.05）；观察组术中出血量明显少于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组术后3个月时Matta优良率和Majeed评分均优于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），但两组术后6个月比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；观察组的术后早期并发症发生率低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；术后6个月时两组并发症情况无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：两种方法治疗Tile B、C型骨盆骨折均可取得良好疗效，但切开复位重建钢板内固定方法仍保功能恢复良好的优点，而经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定具有低并发症发生率，更利于提升术后早期恢复效果。     

Aluminum and iron chemistry in the O horizon changed by a shift in tree species composition

In the present study we characterized the buffering system including aluminum in the organic surface horizon (O) of field experiments with replicated plots of pure Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and replicated plots of spruce with a birch (Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh.) admixture. Our results show that a change in tree species composition may have a rather large, short-term (12 years) effect on the concentration of organically bound aluminum in the humus layer (H) of the O horizon. The pure spruce plots had a significantly higher concentration of exchangeable aluminum (Al_e) and organically bound (pyrophosphate extractable) aluminum (Al_P) in the H layer and a lower concentration of each base cation. Furthermore, our results confirm earlier findings that aluminum has base cation properties in acidic organic horizons. Thus, the change in tree species composition did not affect the pH in spite of a change in base saturation, because base cations were mainly compensated for by aluminum. The change in organically bound aluminum was accompanied by a similar change in organically bound pyrophosphate extractable iron (Fe_P). The observed differences between the mixed and pure spruce plots in the amounts of Al_P and Fe_P in the H layer could not be explained by estimated differences in biocycling of Al and Fe either by above-ground litterfall or by root turnover.     

Selective association of nerve fibres immunoreactive for substance P or bombesin with putative cholinergic neurons of the male rat major pelvic ganglion

The male rat major pelvic ganglion contains both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons that supply the lower urinary and digestive tracts, and the reproductive organs. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution and identify potential targets of sensory and intestinofugal axons in this ganglion. Two putative markers of these projections were chosen, substance P for primary sensory axons and bombesin for myenteric intestinofugal projections. Varicose substance P-immunoreactive axons were associated only with non-noradrenergic (putative cholinergic) somata, and most commonly with those that contained vasoactive intestinal peptide. Immunoreactivity for substance P was also present in a small group of non-noradrenergic somata, many of which were immunoreactive for enkephalins, neuropeptide Y or vasoactive intestinal peptide. Bombesin immunoreactivity was found only in preterminal and terminal (varicose) axons, the latter of which were exclusively associated with non-noradrenergic somata that contain neuropeptide Y-immunoreactivity. Some varicose axons containing either substance P-or bombesin-immunoreactivity were intermingled with clumps of small, intensely fluorescent cells. These studies indicate that substance P-and bombesin-immunoreactive axons are likely to connect with numerically small, but discrete, populations of pelvic neurons.     

Forest floor accumulation,nutrition and productivity of Pinus patula in the Usutu Forest,Swaziland

Forest floor mass was determined at 22 sites under 11- to 15-year-old 2R and 3R P. patula that had been reestablished without prior burning of harvesting slash. Forest floor mass increased with site elevation (r=0.593) or with decreasing topsoil exchangeable Ca in particular (r=0.699). The forest floor was found to be greater than reported values for either 1R stands or 2R stands re-established following slash burning at similar age and elevations in the forest. Responses to N fertilizer applied at age 10–12 years, at 9 sites, was closely correlated with forest floor mass (r=0.911). The data suggests that continued accumulation of forest floor under successive rotations in the Usutu Forest, particularly at higher elevations, results in N deficiencies that limit growth in 2R stands. This hypothesis is supported by an analysis of data from sample plots monitoring relative 1R and 2R growth in the forest.     

宫颈癌患者行根治性子宫切除术且保留盆腔自主神经的效果观察

目的:探讨宫颈癌患者行保留盆腔自主神经的根治性子宫切除术的临床效果。方法:按照随机数字表法将入选的48例宫颈癌患者随机分为对照组和试验组两组,每组患者各24例,其中对照组患者均采用传统的宫颈癌根治手术治疗,而试验组患者则采用保留盆腔自主神经的根治性子宫切除术进行治疗,比较两组患者的术中情况和术后恢复情况等。结果:两组患者的子宫切除出血量和术中总出血量以及术中输血率均无明显差异(均P0.05),但是试验组患者的子宫切除时间和手术总时间显著长于对照组患者(t=2.934,P0.05;t=3.121,P0.05)。两组患者之间的术后排气、排便时间均无明显差异(均P0.05),提示两组患者术后直肠功能无明显差异;对照组患者的术后残余尿量100ml时间与术后残余尿量50ml时间均显著高于试验组患者(t=2.891,P0.05;t=3.092,P0.05)。术后试验组患者的首次排尿感和急迫排尿感以及最大腹压等均显著低于对照组患者(t=4.283,P0.05;t=4.027,P0.05;t=3.137,P0.05);而最大膀胱压和最大尿流量以及最大逼尿肌压等则显著高于对照组(t=3.192,P0.05;t=2.938,P0.05;t=3.572,P0.05)。结论:采取保留盆腔自主神经的根治性子宫切除术能够较好地减少宫颈癌患者临床并发症的出现,具有较好的治疗效果,值得加以推广和运用。     

Interspecific relations in forest floor coleopteron assemblages: Niche overlap and guild structure

In six different environments of the Towada-Hachimantai National Park, the forest floor coleopterons were sampled by means of pitfall traps with five different baits. Their niche breadths and niche overlaps were assessed for the electivity of habitat, bait, and habitat × bait, and compared with those expected from neutral models constructed randomly. The niche breadths in the observed assemblages were smaller than those expected from the neutral model, while the niche overlaps were more widely distributed than those expected from the neutral model. Mean overlaps between species neighbors in niche space, cluster analyses, and ordinations of species revealed a guild for habitat, bait and habitat × bait. Lawlor's (1979) gamma matrices concerning the habitat electivity show that the rates of mutualism resulted from indirect interspecific competitions are significantly smaller in the guild than in the whole assemblage. This suggests that the interspecific competition among the guild members is mitigated or even converted into mutualism by joining of the species which do not belong to the guild. The rates of mutualism were also significantly larger in the resource state of two dimensions (habitat × bait) than in that of either one. Therefore, if niche overlaps are measured on the basis of resource state of multi-dimensions, the rates of mutualism may increase further.