Allometric growth of the trunk leads to the rostral shift of the pelvic fin in teleost fishes

The pelvic fin position among teleost fishes has shifted rostrally during evolution, resulting in diversification of both behavior and habitat. We explored the developmental basis for the rostral shift in pelvic fin position in teleost fishes using zebrafish (abdominal pelvic fins) and Nile tilapia (thoracic pelvic fins). Cell fate mapping experiments revealed that changes in the distribution of lateral plate mesodermal cells accompany the trunk-tail protrusion. Presumptive pelvic fin cells are originally located at the body wall adjacent to the anterior limit of hoxc10a expression in the spinal cord, and their position shifts rostrally as the trunk grows. We then showed that the differences in pelvic fin position between zebrafish and Nile tilapia were not due to changes in expression or function of gdf11. We also found that hox-independent motoneurons located above the pelvic fins innervate into the pelvic musculature. Our results suggest that there is a common mechanism among teleosts and tetrapods that controls paired appendage positioning via gdf11, but in teleost fishes the position of prospective pelvic fin cells on the yolk surface shifts as the trunk grows. In addition, teleost motoneurons, which lack lateral motor columns, innervate the pelvic fins in a manner independent of the rostral-caudal patterns of hox expression in the spinal cord.     

SLK三联疗法联合硬膜外分娩镇痛对初产妇盆底功能及围产结局影响的相关研究

摘要 目的：探究SLK三联疗法联合硬膜外分娩镇痛对初产妇盆底功能及围产结局影响。方法：选取2022年1月-2022年12月在江阴市人民医院及其集团内医院产检并分娩单胎孕妇200人，依据随机数字表法随机分为对照组、SLK三联疗法组、硬膜外分娩镇痛、联合组，每组50例。对照组采用常规训练，SLK三联疗法组采用Sopfrology分娩训练、Lamaze呼吸训练和Kegel训练联合训练，硬膜外分娩镇痛组采用病人自控硬膜外镇痛，联合组在SLK三联疗法的基础上进行硬膜外分娩镇痛。采用超声诊断仪检测盆底功能指标（2）采用神经肌肉刺激生物反馈治疗仪检测盆底肌电生理指标，记录并比较各组产前发热率、助产率、产后出血率、剖宫产率、产程和Apgar 评分。结果：硬膜外镇痛组与对照组相比，盆底超声检查△y、α、β、γ各参数差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；SLK组和联合组盆底超声检查△y、α、β、γ各参数均显著低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；但SLK组和联合组上述各指标差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。SLK组和联合组I类和II类肌纤维肌力、I类和Ⅱ类肌纤维疲劳度均显著优于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；但SLK组和联合组上述各指标差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。SLK组、硬膜外镇痛组和联合组产后出血率和剖宫产率显著低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），硬膜外镇痛组第一产程和第二产程显著高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），SLK组第一产程和第二产程显著低于对照组，联合组第一产程和第二产程显著低于硬膜外镇痛组，SLK组和联合组Apgar 评分显著高于对照组。结论：SLK三联疗法联合硬膜外分娩镇痛能够有效改善初产妇盆底功能和围产结局，弥补单独硬膜外分娩镇痛的不足，值得临床推广。     

Prospective evaluation of the setup errors and its impact on safety margin for cervical cancer pelvic conformal radiotherapy

AimThe primary objective was to assess set-up errors (SE) and secondary objective was to determine optimal safety margin (SM)BackgroundTo evaluate the SE and its impact on the SM utilizing electronic portal imaging (EPI) for pelvic conformal radiotherapy.Material and methods20 cervical cancer patients were enrolled in this prospective study. Supine position with ankle and knee rest was used during CT simulation. The contouring was done using consensus guideline for intact uterus. 50 Gy in 25 fractions were delivered at the isocenter with ≥95% PTV coverage. Two orthogonal (Anterior and Lateral) digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) was constructed as a reference image. The pair of orthogonal [Anterior-Posterior and Right Lateral] single exposure EPIs during radiation was taken. The reference DRR and EPIs were compared for shifts, and SE was calculated in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions.Results320 images (40 DRRs and 280 EPIs) were assessed. The systematic error in the Z-axis (AP EPI), X-axis (AP EPI), and Y-axis (Lat EPI) ranged from -12.0 to 11.8 mm, -10.3 to 7.5 mm, and -8.50 to 9.70 mm, while the random error ranged from 1.60 to 6.15 mm, 0.59 to 4.93 mm, and 1.02 to –4.35 mm. The SM computed were 7.07, 6.36, and 7.79 mm in the Y-axis, X-axis, and Z-axis by Van Herk’s equation, and 6.0, 5.51, and 6.74 mm by Stroom’s equation.ConclusionThe computed SE helps defining SM, and it may differ between institutions. In our study, the calculated SM was approximately 8 mm in the Z-axis, 7 mm in X and Y axis for pelvic conformal radiotherapy.     

Nitrogen and phosphorus translocation of forest floor mosses as affected by a pulse of these nutrients

藓类是亚高山森林、北方针叶林和极地苔原等原始生态系统的重要组成部分。养分沉降是这些生态系统的主要养分来源。然而,对 藓类如何利用大气沉降这一时间上异质性较高的养分来源的认识缺乏,限制了我们对藓类在生态系统养分循环中作用的认识,也制约了模 拟和预测生态系统服务功能动态变化的有效性。本研究中,我们重点关注如下问题：(1)藓类新生部分的氮、磷含量随氮或磷沉降量的变化; (2)氮或磷养分沉降如何影响藓类的氮磷转运;(3)氮磷转运与藓类新生部分养分含量的关联性？为此,我们在位于青藏高原东部的亚高山 冷杉林中开展了设置有不同氮、磷施加量水平的突发养分沉降实验。以林下优势度最高的塔藓和锦丝藓为对象,我们在施加实验处理8天和1年后,分别测定了不同年龄藓类茎段中的氮、磷含量。研究结果发现,养分处理8天后,锦丝藓和塔藓的所有茎段的氮或磷含量均随处理中氮或磷施加量的增加而增加,表明它们能够高效率地吸收施加的氮或磷。养分处理1年后,形成于养分处理后的新生茎段中的氮、磷含量以及氮磷比与处理后8天的藓类茎段中氮、磷含量以及氮磷比呈正相关关系,表明藓类将吸收的养分转运至新生部分,转运过程受源—库关系的调控。磷转运效率解释了新生茎段21%–23%的氮磷比变化,而氮转运与新生茎段氮磷比没有显著关系,结果暗示磷转运对藓类生长的重要性。上述结果表明,养分转运是藓类植物利用间断的沉降养分的关键机制,也使藓类成为生态系统中重要的养分库。     

北京百花山自然保护区不同植被地面生苔藓植物物种多样性

采用相似性系数和物种多样性指数对北京百花山自然保护区8种植被内地面生苔藓植物的物种多样性进行了研究,得知8种植被中地面生苔藓植物有13科31属65种（含种以下的单位）,优势科6科,优势种12种。不同植被中苔藓植物的物种组成、优势科和优势种不同,丛藓科和真藓科植物在草甸和灌丛内占绝对优势,而森林植被内的绢藓科为绝对优势科;油松林和落叶阔叶混交林的物种相似性最高为51.63,草甸和荆条灌丛与大部分植被的物种相似为0。地面生苔藓植物的分布与其生长的基质相关性最大,另外水分条件、小生境、草本层盖度和凋落物盖度等也影响地面生苔藓植物的分布。白桦林和落叶阔叶混交林应成为生物多样性保护的重点植被类型。     

Phylogeny and biogeography of highly diverged freshwater fish species (Leuciscinae,Cyprinidae, Teleostei) inferred from mitochondrial genome analysis

The distribution of freshwater taxa is a good biogeographic model to study pattern and process of vicariance and dispersal. The subfamily Leuciscinae (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) consists of many species distributed widely in Eurasia and North America. Leuciscinae have been divided into two phyletic groups, leuciscin and phoxinin. The phylogenetic relationships between major clades within the subfamily are poorly understood, largely because of the overwhelming diversity of the group. The origin of the Far Eastern phoxinin is an interesting question regarding the evolutionary history of Leuciscinae. Here we present phylogenetic analysis of 31 species of Leuciscinae and outgroups based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences to clarify the phylogenetic relationships and to infer the evolutionary history of the subfamily.     

Methodology for a comparative evaluation of sensitivity to fouling and cleanability of floor materials used in the food industry

Samples of floor materials used at present in different types of food plants were studied for their sensitivity to fouling and for their cleaning properties. A cleaning procedure close to that used in industry was carried out on seven different floor samples fouled with six industrial soils (e.g. green salad soil, reconstituted milk, and meat) and inoculated with spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis as tracer. Sensitivity to fouling and the cleanability of the different floor materials were measured, and the results showed a significant difference between them. These differences were dependent upon the type of soil. Sensitivity to fouling and cleanability were not correlated with their slipping resistance characteristics.     

Computational techniques for using insole pressure sensors to analyse three-dimensional joint kinetics

This study evaluated the feasibility of using insole pressure sensors together with whole body dynamics to analyse joint kinetics while running. Local affine transformations of shoe kinematics were first used to track the position of insole sensors during locomotion. Centre of pressure estimates derived from the insoles were within 10 mm of forceplate measures through much of stance, while vertical force estimates were within 15% of peak forceplate recordings. Insole data were then coupled with a least squares whole body dynamic model to obtain shear force estimates that were comparable to forceplate records during running. We demonstrated that these techniques provide a viable approach for analysing joint kinetics when running on uninstrumented surfaces.     

城市住区绿化生态效益及其可控影响因素的量化分析

基于杭州城西2007年1 m×1 m高分辨率航空遥感图像和夏季30 m×30 m LandsatTM数据,应用GIS和遥感图像解译方法定量计算了代表杭州城西30个典型城市住区总体生态效益的归一化植被指数(NDVI),以及各样本住区6个可控生态效益的影响指标(复层结构高度、软硬比、绿化覆盖率、容积率、绿地面积、建筑密度),并采用多元线性回归和对应分析方法得出6个影响因素对绿化生态效益的贡献度排序,以及提升住区生态效益的措施,分析了城市住区生态效益与典型可控影响因素间的定量关系.结果表明:各影响因素对城市住区生态效益贡献度依次为复层结构高度＞软硬比＞绿化覆盖率＞容积率＞绿地面积＞建筑密度;复层结构高度的贡献率远超过其他因素,建筑密度对住区生态效益的影响极微弱.利用对应分析法所得的各影响因素改进二维图,可方便地用来制定提升住区绿化生态效益的决策方案.     

PID患者宫颈及盆腔病原体培养结果的对比分析

目的 (1)了解慢性盆腔炎患者宫颈局部分泌物及盆腔病原体培养结果的一致性;(2)了解盆腔炎患者盆腔与宫颈病原微生物感染的情况。方法对2009年12月至2010年3月因慢性盆腔炎住院患者,将其宫颈局部分泌物进行病原体培养,后经腹腔镜将其盆腔积液或盆腔冲洗液进行病原体培养,将培养结果进行对比。结果 (1)慢性盆腔炎患者盆腔与宫颈分泌物病原微生物培养有中度一致性,Kappa=0.494,Z<0.05,差异有统计学意义;(2)PID患者中,UU检出率高,在宫颈局部及盆腔积液或冲洗液中的检出率分别为46.07%和27.45%;CT的检出率也较高,在宫颈局部及盆腔积液或冲洗液的检出率分别为19.60%和17.64%。结论慢性盆腔炎患者中严格按照操作行宫颈局部分泌物培养对盆腔炎用药有一定的指导意义,盆腔及宫颈局部UU感染率明显高于其他STD病原体。