樟科植物上柄锈菌属一新种

本文报告了采自湖南张家界黄丹木姜子 Ｌｉｔｓｅａ ｅｌｏｎｇａｔａ（Ｗａｌｌ． ｅｘ Ｎｅｅｓ） Ｂｅｎｔｈ·＆ Ｈｏｏｋ ｆ上的柄锈菌属一新种,即王氏柄锈菌Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｉａ　ｗａｎｇｉａｎａ　Ｊ．Ｙ．Ｚｈｕａｎｇ　＆　Ｓ．Ｘ．Ｗｅｒ文中对新种作了拉丁文描述并附了孢子形态的线条图,讨论了新种与近似种的主要区别。模式标本保藏在中国科学院菌物标本馆（ＨＭＡＳ）。     

鳓形态指标体系分析及雌雄鉴别模型

对鳓的形态指标体系进行了主成分分析和R-聚类分析．鳓的形态指标大体可归纳为“大小因子”、“形态因子”和“头型因子”;关于“肥瘦”方面、“长度”方面和“头部”的指标各自的相关较为密切,而这三类指标间的相关较小．在此分析基础上,构建了48个相对指标,并用逐步判别建立了雌雄判别模型,此模型回判的错判率为8．9％．     

抗条锈病小偃麦双体异附加系山农87074-519的鉴定

综合利用抗性接种鉴定、细胞学分析、SSR分子标记和基因组原位杂交(GISH)技术相结合的方法,对从长穗偃麦草与小麦复合杂交后代中选育的抗条锈病种质系山农87074-519进行了鉴定。结果表明,山农87074-519的根尖细胞染色体数目2n=44,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I(PMCMI)绝大多数细胞内可观察到22个二价体,平均染色体构型2n=44=21.82Ⅱ 0.36Ⅰ,它与普通小麦中国春杂种F1的多数花粉母细胞内染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ 1Ⅰ,因此它是1个附加了1对长穗偃麦草染色体的双体异附加系;以假鹅冠草St基因组总DNA作探针进行原位杂交发现山农87074-519的44条染色体中有2条出现黄绿色杂交信号,且杂交信号遍布整条染色体,证明其附加的长穗偃麦草染色体为St基组;利用SSR分子标记技术,在170对SSR引物中筛选出特异引物BARC165,它能稳定地在山农87074-519中扩增出长穗偃麦草特异标记BARC165268;将长穗偃麦草中BARC165的特异扩增片段克隆测序后制备成探针进行原位杂交,可在山农87074-519的间期染色体和有丝分裂中期染色体检测到杂交信号。山农87074-519综合农艺性状较好,对条锈病免疫,其抗性基因为显性,且位于附加的长穗偃麦草St基组染色体上,暂将其表示为YrSt。该种质系在小麦的遗传改良中具有重要利用价值。     

Detection of Mycoplasmalike Organism of Paulownia Witches′-Broom with DAPI Fluorescence Microscopy

Paulownia witches’-broom infected by mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) has been developed several cytochemical methods for diagnosis. These methods all based on the special stain reactions or abnormal fluorescence in groups of infected sieve elements as a diseased symptom,. not really on the direct detection of MLO under light microscope. This paper deals with the demonstration of MLO specific white fluorescence after DAPI staining with GMA sections of diseased young stems. Such fluorescence was absent in sections from health plants. The results were confirmed by the ulrrastrueture of MLO and the structure of sieve elements showing from PAS-TBO stained GMA sections. The described method may not only be used in accurate diagnosis of MLO diseased in different plants, but is also worth in the studies of MLO distribution in plants, MLO dynamics in plant resting stage and MLO transmission to support the theoretical basis for protection.     

Observations on Megasporogenesis and Megagametophyte Development in Paulownia sp and Sesamum indicum by Enzymatic Maceration Technique

A technique has been recently developed in our lab to isolate embryo sacs by means of enzymatic maceration of ovules (Zhou and Yang, 1982). In the pre sent paper this method was adopted in observing the whole processes of mtgasporgcnsis and megagametophyte development in Pauiownia sp. and Sesamum indicum. FPA fixed ovules were macerated in peetinase-eellulase solution with a microshaker, eleared in lactophenol, and then observed under a microscope with Nomarski interference contrast or phase contrast equipments. In both species, various developmental stages, from megasporocyte till mature embryo sac, were successfully identificd and described (Plate Ⅰ and Ⅱ). As a kind of microtechnique, enzymatic method shows some merits as its rapidness in specimen preparation and convenience for obtaining whole structural image Several technical points are discussed hereof.     

Phenolic Compounds in the Embryo Development of Several Northern Hemisphere Fucoids

Abstract: Light and electron microscopy were used to study the involvement of phenolic compounds in the early development of the Northern Hemisphere fucoids, Fucus serratus (L.), Fucus spiralis (L.) and Himanthalia elongata (L.) S. F. Gray. Phenolic compounds, packaged within physodes are a major cytoplasmic component of brown algae. Physodes accumulate at the zygote periphery early in development and are secreted into the primary zygote wall. At germination, physodes accumulate at the rhizoid tip. Physodes, together with other wall components, contribute to the development of the cell plate. Good evidence already exists for the involvement of phenolic compounds in the development of Southern Hemisphere fucoids, and this study shows that phenolics play a similar role in the Northern Hemisphere. Consequently, their perceived role as herbivore deterrents in Northern Hemisphere species may be a consequence of their role in wall construction.     

不同种源毛泡桐种子发芽状况及其聚类分析

本文分析了不同毛泡桐种子的发芽状况并对其进行了聚类分析．结果表明,光照处理有利于提高毛泡桐种子的发芽率和发芽势,室温贮藏不利于种子活力的保持,根据不同条件下毛泡桐种子发芽率和发芽势的差别,利用聚类方法将其划分为四组,该结果为泡桐引种培育新品种奠定了基础．     

泡桐丛枝植原体16S rDNA和延伸因子基因序列分析

对采自陕西、山西、甘肃、河南、河北、山东各省的泡桐丛枝病材料,利用巢式扩增,均得到16S rDNA基因片段约1.2kb;扩增得到植原体延伸因子(EF-Tu)tuf基因,长度约为850bp.。通过将16S rDNA基因片段和延伸因子(EF-Tu)tuf基因序列与已知植原体16Sr各组成员进行同源性比较,确定我国大陆泡桐主栽区陕西、山西、甘肃、河南、河北、山东各省与已经报道的台湾省泡桐丛枝植原体基本一致,均为同一个种,没有株系的分化,全部归属于植原体16SrI-D组,从而确定了其分类地位。     

桐-药复合经营模式下泡桐丛枝菌根真菌群落结构特征

采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,研究江西鄱阳湖周边平原岗地的泡桐纯林及桐-药复合经营模式(泡桐-玉竹、泡桐-麦冬和泡桐-射干)下泡桐丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi, AMF)群落结构特征。研究发现,泡桐AMF群落主要由球囊霉科、巨孢囊霉科、无梗囊霉科和多孢囊霉科组成,其中球囊霉科真菌占绝对优势,但不同科的相对丰度在不同经营模式下仍存在差异。与泡桐纯林相比,桐-药复合经营模式会降低泡桐菌根侵染率及AMF群落多样性。只有泡桐-射干经营模式中的泡桐含有多孢囊霉科真菌,且相对多度占2.73%。研究结果表明桐-药复合经营模式下中药材种类的差异会不同程度地改变泡桐AMF的群落结构。这为进一步研究桐-药复合经营模式下泡桐AMF的生态功能和资源利用提供了科学依据。