正交试验法优选毛泡桐中乌索酸提取工艺条件

采用正交设计L9(34)方法,考察乙醇浓度(A)、超声时间(B)、超声功率(C)、料液比(D)对乌索酸提取率的影响,用高效液相色谱法测定含量,并与常规提取法进行对比,确定了毛泡桐中乌索酸的最佳超声提取工艺条件。所考察的因素对毛泡桐中乌索酸提取的影响按各因素作用主次顺序为:乙醇浓度>料液比>超声时间>超声功率;乌索酸超声提取的最佳条件为:A3B3C2D1,即毛泡桐叶粉末用6倍量体积分数95%乙醇超声提取2 h,超声功率为200 w。与常规的提取方法相比,超声提取具有提取时间短、操作简单、提取率高、无需加热等优点。优选的工艺条件稳定,操作简便,方法可行,可用于毛泡桐中乌索酸的提取。     

Molecular evidence for the hybrid origin of Paulownia Taiwaniana based on RAPD markers and RFLP of chloroplast DNA

Genomic DNA of Paulownia fortunei, P. kawakamii and P. taiwaniana were amplified with 10-base primers of arbitrary sequences using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 351 DNA fragments were amplified from 23 primers and of these 265 fragments (75.5%) were polymorphic. Almost all of the PCR-amplified products of P. taiwaniana were shared by either P. fortunei or P. kawakamii, or both, and the number of polymorphic fragments shared by P. taiwaniana and P. fortunei was about equivalent to those shared by P. taiwaniana and P. kawakamii. Restriction fragments of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) purified from Paulownia species and from reciprocal crosses between P. fortunei and P. kawakamii were analyzed. Restriction enzyme SalI-digested cpDNA showed an identical pattern in both P. kawakamii and P. taiwaniana. These results further support the hypothesis that P. taiwaniana is the natural hybrid between P. fortunei and P. kawakamii and that the maternal parent of P. taiwaniana is P. kawakamii.This work was supported in part by the National Science Council (NSC-80-0409-B-054-06), Republic of China     

白花泡桐不定根发生过程中内源激素和RNA的变化

白花泡桐（Ｐａｕｌｏｗｎｉａｆｏｒｔｕｎｅｉ（Ｓｅｅｍ．）Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）成年型和幼年型茎切段体外培养时不定根发生过程中内源ＩＡＡ、ＣＴＫ和ＡＢＡ含量测定表明：幼年型材料中内源ＩＡＡ和ＣＴＫ的含量在诱导的第２天同时达到高峰,而成年型材料中ＩＡＡ和ＣＴＫ含量的高峰则在第４天出现．两种类型切段根原基出现的时间都与其内源ＩＡＡ和ＣＴＫ的高峰一致．幼年型材料的内源ＡＢＡ含量在第４天达到高峰,随后迅速下降．成年型材料中内源ＡＢＡ则逐步下降．成年型和幼年型材料中ＲＮＡ的变化相同,在诱导的第２天稍有下降,随后显著增加．结果显示,不定根的发生与其内源激素和ＲＮＡ的变化密切相关．     

High Frequency Plant Regeneration from Nodal Explants of Paulownia elongata

Abstract: High frequency of plant regeneration from Paulownia elongata was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and Woody Plant Medium (WPM), with appropriate supplements of growth regulators. Leaves, leaves with petioles, internodes and nodes excised from 3-month-old non-aseptically grown P. elongata were used as explants. The highest shoot regeneration efficiency (93.7 %) was obtained from the nodes of P. elongata on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/ml naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg/ml 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The highest root formation efficiency (100 %) from the regenerated shoots was obtained on WPM supplemented with 1 mg/ml indolebutyric acid (IBA). Rooted plantlets were transplanted to soil with a survival efficiency of almost 100 %. The regeneration system reported here could be useful for rapid multiplication of elite genotypes of P. elongata in a short period of time.     

根癌农杆菌对健康和患丛枝病泡桐的遗传转化

选取健康及患丛枝病泡桐（Paulownia spp.)为材料,建立组织培养和植株再生系统,以茎段作为转化受体,诱导分化和生根的最佳激素组合分别是MS＋BA4mg/L NAA0.2mg/L和1／2MS＋KT0.5mg/L IBA0.25mg/L。芽分化频率可达22．8％。健康和患病泡桐的茎段经农杆菌共培养3d后,在附加50mg/Lm的选择分化培养基上培养20d左右再生出抗性芽,经培养、诱导生根,获得了转基因再生植株,建立了泡桐的遗传转化体系。PCR和Southern杂交检测证明外源基因已整合到泡桐的基因组,标记基因ITPⅡ在再生植株中也得到表达,同时对影响转化的一因素进行了探讨。     

泡桐叶片蛋白质多态性及其聚类分析

研究了9种泡桐叶片蛋白质的多态性,并根据其叶片蛋白质聚丙烯酰胺凝胶单向和双向电泳结果,将它们聚类为白花泡桐组[白花泡桐（Paulownia fortunei）和白花兰泡桐（P.elongata f.allba）]、南方泡桐组[南方泡桐（P.australis )和成都泡桐（P.albiphloea var.chengtuensis)]和毛泡桐组（毛泡桐（P.tomentosa）、川泡桐（P.fargesii）、鄂川泡桐（P.albiphloea）、山明泡桐（P.lamprophylla）和兰考泡桐（P.elon-gata）]。该结果可为了解泡桐属植物的亲缘关系和种的鉴定提供参考依据。     

泡桐愈伤组织再生植株的诱导与培养

首先以MS为基本培养基从 1 8个不同浓度的NAA和BA组合中 ,找出了毛泡桐 (Paulowniatomen tosa)、南方泡桐 (Pauiowniaaustralis)、白花泡桐 (Paulowniafortunei)、兰考泡桐 (Paulowniaelongata)和豫杂一号泡桐 (Paulowniatomentosa×P .fortunei)叶片愈伤组织诱导芽分化最适培养基分别为MS 0 .3NAA 1 2BA、MS 0 .3NAA 1 2BA、MS 0 .5NAA 1 2BA、MS 0 .5NAA 1 2BA和MS 0 .7NAA 1 2BA ;然后 ,筛选出了 5种泡桐芽诱导根的最适培养基 (分别为 1 /2MS 0 .1NAA、1 /2MS 0 .1NAA、1 /2MS、1 /2MS 0 .3NAA和 1 /2MS 0 .5NAA)。这些结果为利用不同种泡桐的原生质体融合培育泡桐新品种奠定了一定的基础。     

白花泡桐优树组织培养及产业化快繁技术

以自选育的白花泡桐优树茎段为外植体,进行种苗组培快繁技术研究。结果表明:其最佳的外植体灭菌方法是以0.1%升汞处理7 min;合适的初代诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.2 mg·L~(-1)+糖30 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.5 g·L~(-1)(pH 5.8),培养30 d,芽诱导率70%;合适的继代增殖方法为在高浓度植物生长物质培养基MS+6-BA 4.0 mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.4 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖30 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.5 g·L~(-1)(pH 5.8)和低浓度植物生长物质培养基MS+6-BA 0.4 mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.04 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖30 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.5 g·L~(-1)(pH 5.8)中交替培养,获得的丛生芽长势良好,玻璃化率低于5%,增殖系数大于6.0/25 d;最适的生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.2 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖20 g·L~(-1)+卡拉胶3.4 g·L~(-1)(pH 5.8),培养14 d,得到白花泡桐生根苗,每株长根5~10条,根长3~5 cm,生根率98%,根系洁白、根毛少而短,易于清洗。将生根苗按照常规方法炼苗后移栽于温室大棚中,50 d后即可出圃,此时平均苗高1.0 m、地径1.0~2.0 cm,成活率在90%以上。