Influence of petiole and lamina on adventitious shoot initiation from leaf explants of Paulownia fortunei

Adventitious shoot bud differentiation occurred preferentially from the petiolar cut ends of leaf explants of Paulownia fortunei cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 4 μmα-naphthaleneacetic acid and 20 μm benzyladenine. The details of plantlet regeneration and successful transplantation to soil have been reported earlier. We now show that besides medium supplementation with auxin and cytokinin, the presence of lamina and petiole in the explant influence shoot bud induction. Explants with the basal half of the lamina and the entire petiole were much more responsive than those with whole lamina and petiole. A dual-culture-medium technique which permitted incubation of the two ends of excised petioles under two different phytohormone regimes was devised. Our data suggest that some of the diffusible factors from the lamina may be phytohormones, and that the establishment of an endogenous phytohormone gradient in the explants may affect shoot bud differentiation in this culture system. Received: 7 April 1998 / Revision received: 8 April 1998 / Accepted: 17 April 1998     

泡桐属的起源、演化与地理分布

1　属的起源根据地质历史资料和形态、生态综合分析 ,我们认为在第三纪早期 ,泡桐属中还只有一种 ,到第三纪中新世时 ,才分化成华东泡桐 ( Paulownia kawakamii)和毛泡桐 ( P.tomentosa)两个种。在第三纪地层中 ,毛泡桐叶的化石在我国山东、法国、捷克和北美都有发现 ,特别是同一时期在日本歧阜县发现类似华东泡桐直径 1 55cm的矽化树干 ,这样的大树 ,在现存的华东泡桐中是从未见过的 ,这说明在当时的环境下 ,华东泡桐是适应生长的。另外 ,在形态上两种泡桐均为树形较小、叶宽有角、叶缘有锯齿、宽大圆锥花序、深裂的花萼、较小的果实和种…     

泡桐属植物种类的RFLP分析

对我国泡桐属15 个植物种类作了叶绿体DNA 的RFLP 分析, 根据估算的相似系数, 用平均链锁聚类方法构建树状图, 结果可将研究材料分为南方泡桐组、毛泡桐组和白花泡桐组。种间相似系数多在0.70 以上, 说明各种类间亲缘关系较近, 尤其是台湾泡桐和海岛泡桐, 相似系数接近1.00。最后讨论了一些泡桐种类的分类问题。     

两种光照条件下白花泡桐幼苗对Pb胁迫的生理响应研究

分析全光照和50％光照条件下,不同浓度Pb对白花泡桐根生理特性的影响,以研究白花泡桐根对Pb胁迫的生理响应机制.结果显示:超氧阴离子产生速率、过氧化氢和丙二醛含量均随Pb浓度增加而上升,而且5o％光照条件下上升趋势要低于全光照条件.全光照条件下,SOD、CAT和APX活性随Pb浓度增加呈现先上升再下降的趋势,而POD活...     

Accumulation and subcellular distribution of heavy metal in Paulownia fortunei cultivated in lead-zinc slag amended with peat

Abstract

The contamination of toxic heavy metals was a major issue of concern in the last century. A fast-growing metal-accumulating woody plant is a promising approach for the remediation of toxic heavy metal. In this study, the transportation of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd) in Paulownia fortunei cultivated in lead-zinc slag amended with different mass ratios of peat (CK: 0; T1: 10%; T2: 20%; T3: 30%) was investigated, as well as the subcellular distribution of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd in Paulownia fortunei. The results showed that the accumulation content of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd in Paulownia fortunei were increased with peat amendment, which was in the range of 4.216?～?6.853, 20.905?～?23.017, 1.898?～?2.572, and 0.530?～?0.616?mg/pot, respectivly. The experimental group with 30% dose of peat showed the best performance on the accumulation content of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd, with increase rates (compared to control) of 4.088, 10.573, 1.360, and 0.294?mg/pot, respectively. The bioconcentration, translocation and transfer quantity factor of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd were less than 1. Fixation of cell wall and compartmentalization of vacuolar appeared to play an important role in reducing the toxicity of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd.     

主要气候、土壤因素对兰考泡桐生长影响的初步研究

本文借助树木气候学,树木年代学的研究方法,经典林木研究手段和个体生态学理论相结合,对兰考泡桐进行了初步研究,结果发现,材积指数更能反映兰考泡桐生长和生态因素之间的关系,发现日照百分率、日照时数、≥10℃积温、土壤质地、土层深度和土壤肥力等因素对兰考泡桐生长影响较大,另外还对兰考泡桐速生条件进行了较为广泛的讨论,证明兰考泡桐在黄淮海平原中部大有发展前途,农桐间作、农田林网是一种合理的群落类型。     

In vitro study on the effect of cytokines and auxins addition to growth medium on the micropropagation and rooting of Paulownia species (Paulownia hybrid and Paulownia tomentosa)

This study represents an efficient preliminary protocol for in vitro mass production of two Paulownia species (Paulownia hybrid and Paulownia tomentosa) seedlings by using seed explant. Different concentrations of benzyladenine (BA) or Kinetin (Kin) (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 mg/L) were tested during multiplication stage. The number of shoots/explants was significantly increased with increasing either BA or Kin concentration; however, the shoot length significantly decreased. Data show that media fortified by BA (10 mg/L) combined with indole butyric acid (IBA) at 1.0 or 1.5 mg/L recorded the highest number of shoots/explant (9.13 and 9.25, respectively). After six weeks during the multiplication stage, data cleared that media fortified by benzyladenine (10 mg/L) combined with IBA at 0.5 mg/L recorded the highest shoot length (3.23 cm). The inclusion of indole butyric acid (IBA) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 1.0–1.5 mg/L to the medium significantly increased the number of roots/plantlets and the highest root length. The results indicated that IBA supplementation was more effective than NAA for in vitro rooting of both Paulownia species. The best treatment for multiplication was 10 mg/L and 8.0–10 mg/L BA for P. hybrid and P. tomentosa, respectively. Peat moss and sand (1:1, v/v) or peat moss and sand (1:2, v/v) were investigated as soil mixture during the adaptation stage. The results referred that Paulownia species plantlets were successfully survived (100 %) in soil mixture contained peat moss: sand (1:2, v/v). This mixture recorded the highest values of plantlet height and number of leaves/plantlets.     

苹果、杨树等林木根系浸取物对小麦生长的潜在影响

 从化学生态学的角度,了解树木根系对农作物生长的影响,针对泡桐树(Paulownia elongata)、苹果树(Malus pumila)、桃树(Prunus persica)和杨树(Populus canadensis)进行了实验。本文给出了实验结果。实验表明,泡桐根、苹果根、杨树根和桃树根的水浸液抑制小麦的种子萌发,抑制强度依次为;桃根>杨树根>苹果树根>泡桐根。树根水浸液同样抑制小麦幼苗根伸长。其作用强度为：杨树根>苹果树根>泡桐树根。根水浸液再用乙醚萃取,乙醚萃取液表现了更为明显的对小麦早期根和苗发育的抑制作用。抑制能力为：桃树根>杨树根>苹果树根>泡桐树根。苹果树根的根皮苷在土壤中或水中可依次降解产生根皮素,对羟基氢化肉桂酸,对羟基苯甲酸和间苯三酚。以此为例,取化学试剂对羟基苯甲酸和间苯三酚进行小麦种子萌发和早期发育试验。结果表明,当化合物浓度为1×10-2M时,可抑制小麦种子萌发和生长。在实验样地的土壤中检出了对羟基苯甲酸,这表明存在林木根系产生化学物质而影响作物生长的可能性。本文还分析了不利影响发生的条件.