Known and two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhytisma</Emphasis> (Rhytismatales,Ascomycota) from China

Three species of Rhytisma are described based on recently collected specimens from the Anhui province, China. Rhytisma anhuiense is a new species causing a serious tar spot disease on Rhododendron simsii. Rhytisma yuexiense is a new species, which develops its stromata only on fallen leaves of Rhododendron ovatum. Rhytisma himalense on Ilex fargesii is a known species and probably widely distributed in China. Including the two new species, 11 species of Rhytisma are known from China which are presented in a key.     

Comparative Secretome Analyses of Human and Zoonotic Staphylococcus aureus Isolates CC8, CC22, and CC398

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Highlights

• •Proteogenomics and secretome comparison of human and zoonotic Staphylococcus aureus lineages.
• •869 secreted proteins identified in eight S. aureus isolates of CC8, CC22 and CC398.
• •CC398 lower secretion of surface proteins and higher secretion of hemolysins and exoenzymes.
• •Regulatory differences in the secretomes could be linked to lower SigB activity in CC398.

     

Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) carrying Rickettsia felis and Bartonella species in Hong Kong

Fleas are commonly recorded on stray as well as domestic dogs and cats in Hong Kong. Fleas can be a major cause of pruritus in dogs and cats and also vectors of potentially zoonotic bacteria in the genera Rickettsia and Bartonella. Morphological examination of 174 fleas from dogs and cats living in Hong Kong revealed only cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis). Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) genotyping of 20 randomly selected specimens, revealed three cox1 haplotypes (HK-h1 to HK-h3). The most common haplotype was HK-h1 with 17 specimens (17/20, 85%). HK-h1 was identical to cox1 sequences of fleas in Thailand and Fiji. HK-h1 and HK-h2 form a distinct cat flea cox1 clade previously recognized as the Clade 3. HK-h3 forms a new Clade 6. A multiplex Bartonella and Rickettsia real-time PCR of DNA from 20 C. felis found Bartonella and Rickettsia DNA in three (15%) and ten (50%) C. felis, respectively. DNA sequencing confirmed the presence of R. felis, B. clarridgeiae and Bartonella henselae. This is the first reported study of that kind in Hong Kong, and further work is required to expand the survey of companion animals in the geographical region. The sampling of fleas on domestic cats and dogs in Hong Kong revealed them to be exclusively infested by the cat flea and to be harbouring pathogens of zoonotic potential.     

768例肺结核患者下呼吸道感染致病菌耐药性探讨

目的探讨肺结核患者合并下呼吸道感染的致病菌及其耐药性。方法对768例确诊的肺结核患者进行痰和／或支气管肺泡灌洗液进行细菌培养。结果革兰阴性菌596株,占58．1％,对哌拉西林／舒巴坦及头孢哌N／舒巴坦耐药率在5．7％-14．3％。革兰阳性菌201株,占19．6％,对万古霉素耐药率为0。真菌228株,占22．2％,对伊曲康唑耐药,耐药率为10．6％。结论肺结核患者下呼吸道感染,以革兰阴性菌为主,真菌比例呈上升趋势。     

Pathogen detection by core–shell type aptamer-magnetic preconcentration coupled to real-time PCR

The presence of pathogenic bacteria is a major health risk factor in food samples and the commercial food supply chain is susceptible to bacterial contamination. Thus, rapid and sensitive identification methods are in demand for the food industry. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the reliable specific methods with reasonably fast assay times. However, many constituents in food samples interfere with PCR, resulting in false results and thus hindering the usability of the method. Therefore, we aimed to develop an aptamer-based magnetic separation system as a sample preparation method for subsequent identification and quantification of the contaminant bacteria by real-time PCR. To achieve this goal, magnetic beads were prepared via suspension polymerization and grafted with glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) brushes that were modified into high quantities of amino groups. The magnetic beads were decorated with two different aptamer sequences binding specifically to Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium. The results showed that even 1.0% milk inhibited PCR, but our magnetic affinity system capture of bacteria from 100% milk samples allowed accurate determination of bacterial contamination at less than 2.0 h with limit of detection around 100 CFU/mL for both bacteria in spiked-milk samples.     

支气管扩张合并支气管哮喘患者的病原菌检测及危险因素分析

目的分析支气管扩张合并支气管哮喘患者的病原菌及危险因素。方法选取湖州市中心医院115例支气管扩张合并支气管哮喘患者作为观察组,另选取同期110例健康体检者作为对照组。分析患者病原菌的组成、耐药性及发病危险因素。结果观察组患者送检痰样本经痰培养,阳性检出者68例,阳性率为59.13%(68/115)。全部样本共分离出104株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌92株(以铜绿假单胞菌最多,占54.81%),革兰阳性菌8株,真菌4株。药敏试验结果表明革兰阴性菌对复方新诺明、头孢曲松、左旋左氧氟沙星和阿莫西林/克拉维酸等药物的耐药性均较高,对妥布霉素、亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦和哌拉西林的耐药性较低。Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟史、药物过敏史、食物过敏史、过敏性鼻炎、哮喘、过敏性肺炎、慢性支气管炎及慢性阻塞性肺疾病均是支气管扩张伴支气管哮喘发生的危险因素。结论支气管扩张合并支气管哮喘患者其病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,吸烟史、药物过敏史、食物过敏史、过敏性鼻炎等是支气管扩张伴支气管哮喘发生的危险因素。     

新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎病原菌分布及其耐药性分析

目的了解新生儿重症监护室(NICU)患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的病原菌特点及其耐药性,探讨其相应的防治措施,为针对VAP患者的抗菌药物治疗提供依据。方法选择蚌埠医学院第一附属医院2015年1月至2017年1月NICU中使用呼吸机机械通气的57例患儿为研究对象,采用回顾性分析方法统计确诊为VAP的患儿的临床资料、病原菌构成,并对病原菌耐药情况进行分析。结果共检出44株病原菌,革兰阴性菌所占比例为100.00%,未检出革兰阳性菌。检出率前3位的致病菌依次为鲍曼不动杆菌(36.36%,16/44),铜绿假单胞菌(25.00%,11/44),肺炎克雷伯杆菌(20.45%,9/44)。药敏试验结果显示,病原菌对氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢他啶、头孢唑啉等均耐药,且对亚胺培南、头孢曲松的药物敏感性明显下降。出生体重、1min Apgar评分、插管次数、住院时间、机械通气时间、胎龄、母亲年龄、原发疾病为新生儿VAP发生的独立危险因素。结论新生儿VAP致病菌以革兰阴性菌为主,且耐药率较高。新生儿VAP的发生与出生体重、胎龄、机械通气时间、插管次数等因素有关。     

辽宁省2012年食源性致病菌监测结果分析

目的监测了解辽宁省食品中致病菌污染状况,对食源性致病菌监测结果分析,为有效防治疾病提供科学依据。方法2012年采集辽宁省及8个市疾病预防控制中心的7大类食品共l824件食品样品,按照“食源性致病菌监测工作手册”标准操作程序,对常见食源性致病菌、卫生指标菌和寄生虫进行检测。结果各类指标菌样品1824份,阳性检出率为11．24％。其中副溶血性弧菌检出率最高,为19．78％;其次为蜡样芽孢杆菌,检出率为10．04％。结论辽宁主要食品均受到食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,要注意加强即食性食品的致病菌污染监测,防止食物中毒的爆发流行。     

深圳地区新生儿血培养病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解深圳地区新生儿败血症病原菌分布及其常见病原菌的耐药情况,为临床合理选择抗生素提供依据.方法用Bact/Alert全自动血培养系统进行血培养,VITEK-32全自动微生物鉴定仪对2003～2005年深圳市儿童医院794例新生儿血培养阳性标本进行细菌鉴定和药敏试验.结果794例新生儿血培养标本共检出细菌177株,总阳性率为22.29%,其中革兰阳性菌134株,占75.71%,革兰阳性菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌为主,占阳性菌的85.07%,占总分离率的64.41%.革兰阴性菌43株,占24.92%,革兰阴性菌以肺炎克雷伯菌居多,占阴性菌的41.03%,占总分离率的9.04%.革兰阳性菌对抗生素耐药率最高的为青霉素,其次为头孢唑啉、苯唑西林、红霉素和氨苄西林/舒巴坦.在常见的革兰阴性菌中大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的产ESBLs均在50%左右,这些菌株对亚胺培南、头孢替坦、环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星表现了较低的耐药率.结论凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌是该地区新生儿败血症最常见的病原菌,其次为肺炎克雷伯菌.对常用抗菌药物有不同程度的耐药.了解该地区病原菌的流行分布和抗生素的耐药情况对临床合理选用抗生素具有重要意义.