青春双歧杆菌辅助治疗牙周炎的疗效及对常见致病菌和炎性因子水平的影响

目的探讨青春双歧杆菌辅助治疗牙周炎的疗效及对常见致病菌和炎性因子水平的影响。方法选择2017年6月-2018年6月于我院确诊并治疗的慢性牙周炎患者84例,按照随机数字表法将所有患者分为双歧杆菌组(n=43)和对照组(n=41),所有患者均予以一次牙周清洁治疗。双歧杆菌组在此基础上使用双歧杆菌活菌散含服3周,治疗结束后进行为期3个月的随访。观察比较两组患者治疗前后牙周炎相关指标、龈沟液(GCF)内双歧杆菌及常见致病菌水平及炎性因子水平之间的差异,并分析GCF内双歧杆菌与炎性因子水平的相关性。结果双歧杆菌组出血指数(BI)、菌斑指数(PLI)、牙龈指数(GI)及探诊深度(PD)均显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。双歧杆菌组患者末次随访时GCF内牙龈卟啉单胞菌、福赛斯坦纳菌、中间普雷沃菌及齿垢密螺旋体水平显著低于对照组,双歧杆菌水平显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。双歧杆菌组患者末次随访时GCF内IL-6、TNF-α、MMP-8及TIMP-2水平显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。GCF内IL-6、TNF-α、MMP-8及TIMP-2含量均与双歧杆菌水平呈负相关(β=-0.311,-0.309,-0.306,-0.142,均P<0.05)。结论双歧杆菌能有效改善牙周炎患者口腔内微生物环境,降低患处GCF内炎性因子水平,对牙周炎的辅助治疗起到较好的效果。     

Proteomics of Campylobacter jejuni Growth in Deoxycholate Reveals Cj0025c as a Cystine Transport Protein Required for Wild-type Human Infection Phenotypes

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Highlights

• •Growth in the bile salt deoxycholate (DOC) induces virulence proteins in C. jejuni.
• •A putative symporter Cj0025c is associated with DOC growth and cystine transport.
• •Deletion of cj0025c results in loss of cystine transport and a sulfur starved proteotype.
• •Cj0025c is required for wild-type virulence phenotypes including human cell invasion.

     

CD46 signaling in T cells: Linking pathogens with polarity

CD46 is a cell surface protein that regulates complement activity and is utilized as a receptor by numerous viral and bacterial pathogens that infect humans. CD46 is not just an entry site for pathogens, but can affect various cellular activities in response to pathogen binding that can have profound consequences for the host response to infection. The study of CD46 signaling in T cells has emerged as an exciting area of research that is shedding new light on how pathogens might manipulate the host immune response. This review will focus on our current understanding of CD46 signaling in T cell polarity and how this might influence disease outcome.     

Food security in 2044: How do we control the fungal threat?

Plant fungal pathogens place considerable strain on agricultural productivity and threaten global food security. In recent decades, advances in crop breeding, farming practice and the agrochemical industry have allowed crop yields to keep pace with food demand. In this opinion article, we speculate on which recent technological advances will allow us to maintain this situation into the future. We take inspiration that it is 25 y since the first plant disease resistance genes were cloned, and imagine if and how agricultural control of pathogens will be achieved by the year 2044. We examine which technologies are best poised to make the jump from lab bench to field application, and propose that future control measures will likely depend on effective integrated disease management.     

Activation studies with amines and amino acids of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic protozoan Leishmania donovani chagasi

The activation of a β-class carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) from Leishmania donovani chagasi (LdcCA) was investigated using a panel of natural and non-natural amino acids and amines. The most effective activators belonged to the amine class, with histamine, dopamine, serotonin, 2-pyridyl-methylamine and 4-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine with activation constants in the range of 0.23–0.94 µM. In addition, 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine and 1-(aminoethyl)-piperazine were even more effective activators (K_As of 9–12 nM). Amino acids such as L-/D-His, L-/D-Phe, L-/D-DOPA, L-/D-Trp and L-/D-Tyr were slightly less effective activators compared to the amines, but showed activation constants in the low micromolar range (1.27–9.16 µM). Many of the investigated activators are autacoids that are present in rather high concentrations in different tissues of the host mammals infected by these parasites. As CA activators have not yet been investigated for protozoan CAs, this study may be relevant for an improved understanding of the role of this enzyme in the life cycle of Leishmania.     

2005年至2009年舟山地区血培养病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解舟山地区近5年住院与门诊患者血培养病原菌分布及常见病原菌对抗菌药物的耐药情况,为指导临床诊断及合理用药提供可靠依据。方法对收集的2005年1月至2009年12月10086份血标本采用BACTEC 9120全自动血培养仪进行检测,794株阳性菌株由ATB Expression半自动微生物分析仪进行菌株鉴定及药敏试验。结果 10 086份血培养标本共分离出病原菌794株,总阳性率为7.9%,其中革兰阳性菌424株,占总分离率的53.4%,以表皮葡萄球菌为主,革兰阴性菌328株,占总分离率的41.31%,以大肠埃希菌为主。药敏结果显示表皮葡萄球菌对青霉素耐药最高,未发现对万古霉素、替考拉宁的耐药株,对呋喃妥因耐药率较低,对庆大霉素和左旋氧氟沙星的耐药率逐年明显上升(χ2=11.41,P<0.05;χ2=13.07,P<0.05)。大肠埃希菌未发现亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药株,对环丙沙星的耐药率逐年明显上升(χ2=12.00,P<0.05)。结论该地血培养病原菌以表皮葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌为主,药敏结果提示多药耐药,对部分抗生素的耐药率逐年上升应加以重视。     

Proteomic dissection of plant responses to various pathogens

During their growth and development, plants are vulnerable to the effects of a variety of pathogens. Proteomics technology plays an important role in research studies of plant defense mechanisms by mining the expression changes of proteins in response to various biotic stresses. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in international proteomic research on plant biotic stress. It summarizes the methods commonly used in plant proteomic research to investigate biotic stress, analyze the protein responses of plants in adverse conditions, and reviews the applications of proteomics combined with transgenic technology in plant protection.     

神经外科重症监护病房常见病原菌及耐药性分析

目的:了解神经外科重症监护病房(NICU)常见病原菌及其耐药情况,为临床抗菌药物合理使用提供理论依据。方法:收集2009年1月-2010年12月NICU收治患者的各种标本,对病原菌的分布情况及其对抗菌药物的耐药情况进行回顾性分析。结果:分离出病原菌537株,其中革兰氏阴性菌239株(占68.72%),革兰氏阳性菌139株(占25.88%),真菌29株(占5.40%);前5位病原菌依次为鲍曼不动杆菌(19.93%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(18.44%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(12.29%)、铜绿假单胞菌(7.82%)、大肠埃希氏菌(5.77%);产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希氏菌分离率分别为37.37%、64.52%;耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)分离率和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)分离率分别为63.08%、87.50%。结论:NICU病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主,对常用抗菌药物的耐药性高。需持续进行细菌流行病学及耐药性监测,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物,减少细菌耐药性产生。     

康美肤烧伤膏抗菌活性

目的观察康美肤烧伤膏的抗菌作用。方法采用试管稀释法测定康美肤烧伤膏对常见致病菌的最低抑菌浓度(M IC)及对大鼠Ⅱ度烧烫伤创面接种金黄色葡萄球菌的实验治疗模型创面菌落计数的影响。结果康美肤烧伤膏对常见致病菌的M IC范围在3.90~62.50 g/L。结论康美肤烧伤膏具有较强的抗菌活性和较广的抗菌谱。     

Critical Role of a Sheath Phosphorylation Site On the Assembly and Function of an Atypical Type VI Secretion System

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Highlights

• •Phosphorylation on Y139 of the sheath protein IglB of Francisella.
• •IglB substitutions Y139A, Y139D or Y139E prevent T6SS formation.
• •Y139F substitution delays but does not abolish phagosomal escape in macrophages.
• •Insight into the role of sheath phosphorylation in T6SS biogenesis.