干细胞专利价值评估与转移转化对策研究 *

Objective: To construct an indicator model for stem cell patent evaluation and to analyze the factors affecting stem cell patent transfer and transformation in real scenarios besides the indicators.Methods:Based on the Patent Value Analysis Indicator System edited by China Technology Exchange, a patent evaluation system suitable for stem cells patents was constructed. The weight was determined by AHP, and the operability of the indicator model was verified by case analysis.Results:Based on the technical characteristics of stem cell technologies and operability, an indicator system for evaluating stem cell patents was constructed, which included three first-level indicators including technical value, market value and legal value, and nine second-level indicators such as technological advancement, technological maturity, technological cost, et al. Technological advancement, technological maturity, policy adaptability and market demand were the four most influential indicators for the valuation of stem cell patents. In the analysis of other factors, the core advantage of the stem cell technologies was the key to affect the transformation of stem cell patents. In addition, technical feasibility, quality control and long-term benefits also had important impact on the successful transfer and transformation of stem cell technologies.Conclusion:The patent value evaluation model and factor analysis established can be used in stem cell patent evaluation, which is helpful to promote the effective development and industrialization of the patent technology.     

Phycobiliproteins as a commodity: trends in applied research,patents and commercialization

Phycobiliproteins are a group of colored proteins commonly present in cyanobacteria and red algae possessing a spectrum of applications. They are extensively commercialized for fluorescent applications in clinical and immunological analysis. They are also used as a colorant, and their therapeutic value has also been categorically demonstrated. However, a comprehensive knowledge and technological base for augmenting their commercial utilities is lacking. Hence, this work is focused towards this objective by means of analyzing global patents and commercial activities with application oriented research. Strategic mining of patents was performed from global patent databases resulting in the identification of 297 patents on phycobiliproteins. The majority of the patents are from USA, Japan and Europe. Patents are grouped into fluorescent applications, general applications and production aspects of phycobiliproteins and the features of each group are discussed. Commercial and applied research activities are compared in parallel. It revealed that US patents are mostly related to fluorescent applications while Japanese are on the production, purification and application for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Fluorescent applications are well represented in research, patents and commercial sectors. Biomedical properties documented in research and patents are not ventured commercially. Several novel applications are reported only in patents. The paper further pinpoints the plethora of techniques used for cell breakage and for extraction and purification of phycobiliproteins. The analysis identifies the lacuna and suggests means for improvements in the application and production of phycobiliproteins.     

应用基因工程生产一次性使用的常规种子

美国公布的“植物基因表达调控”的专利技术,使经遗传改变的植物生产的下一代种子不能发芽。农民买了此一次性种子后,产量不受影响但不能留种用。种子公司把此技术作为开发新品种的一种手段。     

勤云测试

【】充分考虑高校教学和社会服务职能以及内部资源分配对科研活动的影响,本文提出一个研究我国高校知识生产创造活动的理论框架,并基于教育部直属高校2000-2008年的统计数据进行了实证分析。研究发现,高校参与科研活动的高级职称研究人员的比例对发明专利申请增加有显著影响;重视基础研究有助于增加SCI论文;在校本专科生规模对科研产出有负面影响,而研究生数量的增加则对科研活动有积极贡献;加强与企业联系有助于增加高校的发明专利申请和EI期刊论文。     

基于专利分析的天然抗肿瘤药制剂技术发展态势研究

目的:基于专利文献深入分析天然抗肿瘤药制剂技术的发展态势。方法:采用专利计量分析、统计学趋势分析等定量分析方法结合药学专业知识的定性分析方法从专利申请数量、国家/地区分布、专利技术领域等方面对天然抗肿瘤药制剂技术领域的发展态势进行分析。结果:天然抗肿瘤药制剂技术专利年申请数量在3000件左右,处于比较稳定平稳的发展时期;专利申请主要集中在美国和中国;专利技术领域主要集中在抗肿瘤活性和剂型的相关研究。结论:美国专利申请数量排名第一,远远领先于其他国家,且专利质量很高,处于绝对的领先地位。中国虽然在专利申请数量方面具有一定优势,但是专利质量亟待提高,与国外发达国家相比仍有较大差距。     

Patent portfolio-based indicators to evaluate the commercial benefits of national plant genetic resources

According to property rights theory, national plant genetic resources (PGRs) are sovereign properties rather than resources belonging to the common heritage of humankind. Consequently, provider states can claim compensation from users of their national PGRs, leading to the need for bilateral or multilateral agreements to share national PGRs' commercial benefits. However, as benefit-sharing agreements are made exante, estimating the potential profit is difficult. Thus, issues around asymmetric information about the commercial value of such resources have emerged. In this paper, we use a patent portfolio as a proxy to estimate the potential commercial benefits of national PGRs and propose new evaluation indicators. We propose a comprehensive evaluation process that covers constructing a patent portfolio for each PGR, establishing indicators in terms of marketability, technology, and exclusiveness, and assigning weights to the indicators using fuzzy analytic hierarchy. In addition, we illustrate this process using a case of Korean national PGRs based on the opinions of stakeholders and experts. This research is expected to help promote national PGR transactions with equitable access and benefit sharing agreements.     

国产Amplatzer蘑菇伞介入治疗中老年动脉导管未闭的近中期疗效分析

目的：评价国产Amplatzer蘑菇伞介入治疗中老年动脉导管未闭（patentductusarteriosus,PDA）的近中期临床疗效及安全性。方法：选择2007年1月至2011年12月我院收治的32例中老年PDA患者,经临床、心电图、x线及经胸超声心动图（TTE）检查确诊,均成功行介入治疗。术后行心电图、x线胸片、TTE随访。结果：32例均1次封堵成功,成功率100％。无重要并发症发生。随访x线胸片显示肺血较术前减少,心胸比率不同程度缩小。术后48小时（32例）超声心动图显示左房内径（LAD）、左室舒张末内径（LVDd）及肺动脉收缩压（PASP）较封堵前明显缩小（P〈0．01）;术后1、3、6月（32例）超声心动图随访显示LAD及LVDd、PASP进一步缩小;术后1年（30例）、术后2年（20例）、术后3年（12例）、术后4年（5例）超声心动图随访显示心脏大小及肺动脉收缩压恢复正常。结论：国产Amplatzer蘑菇伞介入治疗中老年PDA具有操作简单、创伤小、安全且技术成功率高、住院时间短等优点,近中期疗效明确,并发症少。     

Cry基因家族的专利分布研究

从苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)提取的Cry基因,是目前国内外开发应用最为广泛的抗虫基因,具有巨大的潜在经济价值。自上世纪80年代以来,美欧日等发达国家加速利用知识产权在Cry基因技术领域布阵设防,建立了严密的知识产权攻防体系,掌控着相关产业发展的主动权。通过检索搜集全球范围内的Cry基因专利信息,分析研究了Cry基因家族的专利分布状况,借此对我国在制定技术研发和产业化策略时,有效规避知识产权陷阱提供决策依据。     

Reproductive potential of Echinococcus multilocularis in experimentally infected foxes, dogs, raccoon dogs and cats

A total of 15 red foxes, 15 raccoon dogs, 15 domestic dogs and 15 domestic cats were each infected with 20,000 protoscolices of Echinococcus multilocularis. At 35, 63, and 90 days post inoculation (dpi), five animals from each group were necropsied and the worm burdens determined. The highest worm burdens in foxes (mean of 16,792) and raccoon dogs (mean of 7930) were found at 35 dpi. These declined to a mean of just 331 worms in foxes and 3213 worms in raccoon dogs by day 63 with a further decline to 134 worms in foxes and 67 worms in raccoon dogs by day 90. In dogs, there was no significant difference between worm burdens recovered at days 35 (mean of 2466) and day 90 (mean of 1563), although reduced numbers were recovered on day 63 (mean of 899). In cats, worms were found in four animals 35 dpi (mean of 642), in three at 63 dpi (mean of 28) and in two at 90 dpi (mean of 57). Faecal egg counts were determined at 3 day intervals from 25 dpi. A mathematical model of egg excretion dynamics suggested that the mean biotic potential per infected animal was high in foxes (346,473 eggs); raccoon dogs (335,361 eggs) and dogs (279,910 eggs) but very low for cats (573 eggs). It also indicated that approximately 114, 42 and 27 eggs per worm were excreted in the faeces of dogs, raccoon dogs and foxes, respectively. The fecundity of worms in cats was low with an average of less than one egg per worm. The peak levels of coproantigen were detected earlier in foxes and raccoon dogs than in dogs. Eggs recovered from foxes, raccoon dogs and dogs resulted in massive infections in experimental mice. However, metacestodes did not develop from eggs originating from infected cats. It is concluded that foxes, raccoon dogs and dogs are good hosts of E. multilocularis. In contrast, the low worm establishment, the very few excreted eggs and the lack of infectivity of eggs strongly indicate that cats play an insignificant role in parasite transmission.     

Intellectual property rights in synthetic biology: an anti-thesis to open access to research?

Synthetic Biology is a surging area of contemporary life science based research that is rapidly evolving by virtue of its multidisciplinary composition and applications. Biology never before has seen such a gold rush and demonstrated potential for knowledge based economy. The area of synthetic biology is in a nascent and tender stage, however issues pertaining to open access to research versus the monopolistic intellectual property regime (specifically patents) have already started raising concerns in the emerging bio-based economy. The present study critically analyses the comparative benefits as well as lacunas of open access to research and patenting issues. It is noteworthy that both approaches for synthetic biology development have to co-exist in order to optimally benefit the society at large.