爬山虎多糖提取与含量的测定

建立石油醚去脂-80%乙醇去杂-热水提取-乙醇沉淀-氯仿、正丁醇去蛋白质-活性碳去色素的提取工艺,从爬山虎中提取多糖,用蒽酮-硫酸法比色测定多糖的含量,研究结果表明,此方法简便、供试液显色稳定、重现性较好,回收率为:99.36%,RSD=5.08%,熟果、茎、叶的多糖含量为:4.68%、22.71%、11.71%.     

软枣猕猴桃叶片光系统Ⅱ活性对不同温度的响应

以软枣猕猴桃"魁绿"为试验材料,利用快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线分析技术(JIP-test)研究了热胁迫处理对植株叶片光系统Ⅱ活性的影响。结果显示:(1)软枣猕猴桃叶片最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)在35~48℃的范围内并没有明显变化,只有当温度升高到52℃时才显著下降。(2)随着温度升高,叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线中J点和I点的相对可变荧光Vj和Vi呈显著下降趋势,在52℃又显著升高,而K点的相对可变荧光Vk则逐渐上升;叶片捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中QA-下游电子受体的概率(ψ0)随着温度升高而逐渐上升,但在52℃时显著下降。(3)随着热胁迫时间的延长,Vj和Vi随时间延长而升高,ψ0则下降,电子传递链受体侧受到了严重的抑制。研究表明,高温显著抑制了软枣猕猴桃叶片PSⅡ电子传递链供体侧和受体侧的活性,但PSⅡ的供体侧比受体侧对高温更加敏感;JIP-test测定的相关参数能有效地评价不同温度对软枣猕猴桃光系统活性的影响。     

核基质结合区对转爬山虎芪合酶基因烟草中产生白藜芦醇的作用

采用核基质结合区(MARs)来提高转芪合酶基因(STS)烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)中白藜芦醇产物的含量。MARs是细胞中能与核基质特异紧密结合的DNA片段,体外结合实验表明克隆自酵母的MARs序列能特异地与烟草核基质结合。芪合酶是白藜芦醇生物合成中的关键酶,用RT-PCR方法从川鄂爬山虎(Parthenocissus henryana(Hemsl.) Diels et Gilg)中克隆了与葡萄芪合酶基因有较高同源性的芪合酶编码区,将其置于CaMV35SW强启动子下,分别构建两侧带有MARs及不含MARs序列的表达载体,通过农杆菌介导转化烟草。Northern blot及HPLC等分析表明STS基因已整合至烟草染色体中并正常转录,且表达的外源芪合酶在烟草中可催化其底物合成白藜芦醇产物。与对照相比,MARs的存在使转芪合酶基因烟草中白藜芦醇的含量平均提高了约一倍。MARs在转芪合酶基因植物中的应用也为获得抗病性更强、白藜芦醇含量更高、更保健的转基因果蔬的研究奠定了基础。     

五叶爬山虎实生苗的生长特征对水分梯度下保水剂的反应

为探讨保水剂和未来降雨变化对五叶爬山虎实生苗生长特征的影响及寻求改善生态环境的途径,在内蒙古正蓝旗育草站开展了爬山虎实生苗生长特征对水分梯度下保水剂的反应的实验。结果表明:保水剂处理更能显著提高土壤的有效含水量,并能保持较长时间;爬山虎幼苗的株长、侧枝数、叶数及茎、叶、根和植株生物量增重等指标均随施水的增多而增大,但保水剂处理增幅较大,尤其是W3和W4两种供水与对照相比均达显著水平;保水剂处理还影响植株的生物量分配,尤其对叶重比和根重比影响显著,而茎重比和根冠比两种处理差异较小。     

两株植物内生巨大芽孢杆菌的生物学特性比较

分别从爬山虎和金银花的茎中分离和鉴定获得了两株植物内生巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium),并对其形态特征、生理生化特征、培养及生理特征进行研究和比较。结果显示,在菌体的大小、耐盐能力、利用柠檬酸盐和在10°C下生长情况、D-木糖的代谢和产卵黄磷脂酶情况等方面,不同植物的内生巨大芽孢杆菌间以及植物内生菌与外源菌间都存在较大差异。结果表明,表型分类法在植物内生菌的鉴定中存在一定局限。     

Lacunar gas discharge: a valid estimate of photosynthetic rates in submerged macrophytes?

Abstract Photosynthetic oxygen produced by the submerged aquatic plant Egeria densa Planch, is partitioned into lacunar gas spaces and to the external medium. Despite an apparently linear relationship between volume of lacunar gas discharge and dissolved oxygen release under certain conditions, the partitioning is, as expected from theoretical considerations, not necessarily constant in different conditions. On this basis we believe that lacunar gas discharge is an inconsistent and therefore unreliable method of measuring photosynthesis in submerged macrophytes.     

Induction of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in Parthenocissus quinquefolia cells cultured in vitro

Chitin, chitosan and peptidoglycan induced chitinase (EC 3. 2. 1. 14) activity in Parthenocissus quinquefolia cells cultured in vitro, while cellulose did not. The real inducers seemed to be oligomers released from the large size polymers by hydrolytic enzymes secreted into the medium during the cell growth and division. This effect was mimicked by the addition to the medium of a partially purified Parthenocissus chitinase/lysozyme (EC 3. 2. 1. 17), which was also able to hydrolyse chitosan. Oligomers of chitin and of chitosan induced the activity to the same level and with the same time course, while peptidoglycan oligomers induced less activity. Oligomers also induced β-1,3-glucanase (EC 3. 2. 1. 6) activities. The changes with time of both activities and the relative effects of the three kinds of polymers suggested that the induction of both enzymes involves a common element early in the signal pathway.