活性X-3B红染料在水-土壤-作物连续体中的迁移模型研究

进入环境的自学成才性X-3B红染料是一典型的持久性有机污染物（POPs)。它从水分室向土壤分室再到作物分室的迁移,是一连续的生态过程,基于此,从理论上对活性X-3B红染料在水-土壤两相,土壤-作物两相以及水-土壤-作物整个连续体中的迁移进行了定量描述与探讨,并采用棕壤-大豆、褐土-小麦,红壤-萝卜和水稻土-水稻等系统给予了实验论证,表明活性X-3B红染料通过吸附机制从水分室到土壤分室的迁移符合Langmuir模型。通过作物根系吸收机制从土壤分室到作物分室的迁移可以用对数化的作物-土壤积累因子（CSAF）模型予以定量描述。     

兴安落叶松林碳平衡及管理活动影响研究 （英文）

 在利用大兴安岭地区根河落叶松(Larix gmelini)林生态系统定位研究站的实际观测资料验证CENTURY模型的基础上,探讨了林业经营管理方式对兴安落叶松林碳循环的影响,指出：1）目前兴安落叶松林是一个碳汇,每年净吸收碳2.65 t·hm-2。2）砍伐将使兴安落叶松林生物量和生产力下降,土壤碳含量则有所增加。干扰强度越大则其植物总生物量、生产力和土壤碳含量变化幅度越大,伐后恢复时间也越长。3）连年去除枯枝落叶处理使兴安落叶松林土壤碳含量下降,土壤越来越贫瘠。植物总生物量在前30年迅速增加,之后则趋于稳     

Antagonistic potential of Gliocladium virens and Trichoderma longibrachiatum to phytopathogenic fungi

Three isolates of Gliocladium virens (G1, G2 and G3) and two of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (T1 and T2) were screened against isolates of three soilborne plant pathogens namely Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii and Pythium aphanidermatum. G. virens exhibited stronger hyperparasitism and wider biological spectrum than T. longibrachiatum. Further, similarities as well as variation was observed in the ability of the various isolates to invade the test pathogens in dual culture. For the hyperparasites, acidic pH range (5.0 to 5.5) favoured both growth and spore germination. The hyperparasites made direct contact with the pathogens followed by varied modes of attack invariably leading to cell disruption. Antagonists, G1 and G3 revealed strong antibiosis while T2 showed moderate effect. All the isolates produced enhanced levels of lytic enzymes adaptively and there were marked differences among them. However, no correlation was observed between these attributes and the hyperparasitic potential of the various isolates in dual culture. The relevance and the role of enzymes and toxic metabolite(s) in the antagonism of G. virens and T. longibrachiatum to these pathogens are discussed.     

从我国成人手足口病患者疱液中首次分离出肠道病毒71型

本文报道了从我国手足口病(HFMD)患者疱液中肠道病毒71(E71)型H株的分离和鉴定。该株病毒可在原代人胚肺(HEL)细胞、MA104细胞、BSC细胞中生长繁殖,导致典型的肠道病毒CPE出现。将H株接种乳鼠后出现肢体麻痹、第6天开始死亡。电镜下可见感染H株的BSC细胞胞浆中出现大量的结晶状排列的成熟病毒颗粒,直径约25nm。患者双份血清中有对H株4倍增高的中和抗体存在。采用100抗体单位的抗Cox A5、7、9、16、E70、E71抗体和50抗体单位的LBM组合血清A-H以及抗E71BrCr株MeAb P27对H株进行中和试验时,H株可被抗E71血清和MeAb P27所中和。抗E71抗体对H株的最低有效中和作用为1.6抗体单位,MeAb P27对H株的有效中和作用是64抗体单位。其它血清则无此中和作用。然而,在鉴定过程中发现,高滴度的抗Cox A16抗体(200抗体单位以上)也显出有中和H株的作用,提示我们所分离的H株含有与Cox A16的型间共同抗原。     

Rational design of peptide-based inhibitors of trypanothione reductase as potential antitrypanosomal drugs

Summary The rational design of ligands for the substrate-binding site of a homology-modelled trypanothione reductase (TR) was performed. Peptides were designed to be selective for TR over human glutathione reductase (GR). The design process capitalized on the proposed differences between the activesites of TR and human GR, subsequently confirmed by the TR crystal structure. Enzyme kinetics confirmed that forT. cruzi TR benzoyl-Leu-Arg-Arg-ß-naphthylamide was an inhibitor (K_i 13.8µM) linearly competitive with the native substrate, trypanothione disulphide, and did not inhibit glutathione reductase.     

The advantage of long-distance clonal spreading in highly disturbed habitats

Summary Classical theory states that cover of annual plants should increase relative to perennials as disturbance frequency increases. However, it has been suggested that long-distance clonal spreading can allow some perennial plants to survive in highly disturbed areas by quickly spreading into disturbed patches. To evaluate these hypotheses, we analysed data of plant distributions in two different ecosystems, a barrier island and a short-grass steppe. The disturbances studied were sand deposition during storms (overwash) on the barrier island and grazing by cattle in the short-grass steppe. In each case the disturbance frequency varied over the ecosystem; we categorized different areas in terms of their disturbance frequencies. All plant species in each area were categorized as one of four plant life forms (1) annual or biennial, (2) herbaceous perennial without long-distance clonal spreading (3) herbaceous perennial with long-distance clonal spreading (i.e guerilla form) and (4) woody plant. Percentage cover of each plant life form in each disturbance frequency category was calculated. In both ecosystems, (1) there was an increase in the relative cover of annuals as one moved from areas of low to moderate disturbance frequencies, but then a decrease in cover of annuals as one moved into the areas of highest disturbance frequency and (2) the guerilla forms showed the greatest relative increase in cover from moderately to highly disturbed areas. The combination of two factors can explain this pattern: (1) long-distance clonal spreading effectively reduces the time to colonization of recently disturbed sites and (2) effects of the disturbances in these two systems are probably more severe for seeds than for stems. We illustrate these effects using a spatially explicit simulation model of the population dynamics of plants in a disturbed landscape.     

特异腐质霉角质酶-OMP25融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

【目的】通过探究特异腐质霉角质酶-OMP25融合蛋白(HiC-OMP25)在不同大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)菌株中的表达情况、底物降解情况、热稳定性及宿主菌细胞膜通透性与细胞表面疏水性,揭示表达HiC-OMP25时不同宿主菌的差异性,并进一步提高HiC-OMP25在大肠杆菌中的表达量。【方法】分别在E.coli BL21(DE3)及E.coli C43(DE3)中表达HiC-OMP25,并测定其对对硝基苯丁酸酯(4-nitrophenol butyrate,pNPB)、聚丙烯酸乙酯(polyethyl acrylate,PEA)的降解效果、50℃稳定性;测定表达HiC-OMP25时宿主菌的细胞膜通透性及细胞表面疏水性变化;共表达伴侣蛋白提高HiC-OMP25在E.coli C43(DE3)中的表达量。【结果】HiC-OMP25在E.coli BL21(DE3)与E.coli C43(DE3)中均成功表达并降解pNPB,但前者对PEA的降解效果及50 ℃稳定性均低于后者。同时,表达HiC-OMP25显著增强了E.coli BL21(DE3)的细胞膜通透性及细胞表面疏水性。HiC-OMP25与巯基氧化酶(Erv1p)、二硫键异构酶(DsbC)在E.coli C43(DE3)中共表达时,其表达量为原始菌株的2.14倍,且对pNPB及PEA均有良好的降解效果。【结论】异源表达时,HiC-OMP25在E.coli C43(DE3)中正确折叠,而在E.coli BL21(DE3)中未完全正确折叠;通过共表达伴侣蛋白提高了HiC-OMP25在E.coli C43(DE3)中的表达量,为以后HiC-OMP25的工业化生产及应用奠定了基础。