三七重茬根际土壤中化感物质的测定及其对三七根腐菌的生长作用

目的 研究三七重茬根际土壤中化感物质的组成及其对病原微生物的化感作用。方法 采用乙酸乙酯提取三七重茬根际土壤中的化感物质,利用GC-MS对萃取液进行物质组成分析,并研究检测中出现的特征性化感物质对羟基苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯对三七根腐病菌（F.oxysporum Schlecht）的化感作用。结果 采集的三七重茬土壤中共检测到29种化感物质,其中2种特征性化感物质对羟基苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯对三七病原菌的生长呈现低促高抑的现象,且当对羟基苯甲酸浓度为5 mmol/L时能促进病菌小孢子的产生。结论 检测到的化感物质组分为苯甲酸及其衍生物类、酚类、酯类、饱和烃类等物质。这些物质在低浓度时有利于病原菌的生长,对病害的发生具有促进作用。     

屏边三七根茎中的两个新的齐墩果酸皂甙

从屏边三七(Panax stipuleanatus Tsai et Feng)根茎中分离到二个齐墩果烷型新皂甙,命名为屏边三七甙(stipuleanoside)R_1和R_2,其化学结构经光谱分析和化学降解反应,分别确定为齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸甙(1)和齐墩果酸[28-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基]-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸甙(3)。     

三七植物各部位的研究和开发利用

本文报道了对三七根、绒根、根茎、茎叶、花蕾,果实,果梗等的化学成分研究;皂甙提取分离方法;皂甙及黄酮类成分的生理活性及新药开发利用等的研究概况。     

寡糖素对西洋参和人参愈伤组织培养的影响

红花、人参和黑节草寡糖素(简称CO、GO和DO)分别加入到培养基中,均能影响西洋参和人参愈伤组织生长和皂甙的合成。CO、GO和DO促进西洋参愈伤组织皂甙合成的最适浓度分别为5ppm、15ppm和10ppm,皂甙产率分别为14.89mg/flask、11.24mg/flask和14.53mg/flask,均明显高于对照(8.22mg/flash).CO、GO和DO促进人参愈伤组织皂甙合成的最适浓度分别为5ppm、20ppm和5ppm,皂甙产率分别为11.79mg/flask、11.20mg/flask和10.48mg/flask,均明显高于对照(6.65mg/flask),它们在适度浓度下对人参愈伤组织的生长均有促进作用。     

三七(Panax notoginseng)根残体化感自毒效应研究

为研究三七(Panax notoginseng(Burk)F.H.Chen)采收过程中残留须根的化感自毒效应,采用土培和水培2种方法,按不同比例添加三七须根粉碎物,检测根残体作用下土培三七土壤中皂苷的动态变化及水培三七根部形态结构变化。结果显示,土培条件下,随着须根粉碎物处理时间的延长,土壤中皂苷成分种类增加、总皂苷含量减少。水培条件下,随着处理时间的延长,添加须根粉碎物处理后的三七根尖细胞壁增厚,细胞中出现菌丝体;随着处理时间及处理浓度的增加,细胞开始皱缩甚至破碎,细胞中无完整细胞器结构,三七根部细胞结构差异明显。研究表明三七采收过程中残留在土壤中的须根腐解释放的化学物质可能是导致三七自毒效应的因素之一。     

Effect of plumule and radicle on somatic embryogenesis in the cultures of ginseng zygotic embryos

Immature zygotic embryos of ginseng produced somatic embryos on MS medium without growth regulators. However, in the culture of mature zygotic embryos, excision of the embryo was required for somatic embryo induction. Somatic embryos formed only on excised cotyledons without an embryo axis or on excised embryos without the plumule and radicle of the axis. This observation suggests that the axis tip of the embryo might suppress somatic embryo production although the cotyledon tissues have predetermined embryogenic competency. To clarify the role of the embryo axis on somatic embryo formation, excised plumules or radicles were placed in direct contact with the basal cut-ends of cotyledons. The adhesion of plumules or radicles highly suppressed somatic embryo formation from cotyledon explants. When an agar block containing exudate from excised plumules or radicles was placed in contact with the cut end of the cotyledon, a similar inhibition was observed. These results suggest that embryogenic competence is suppressed by endogenous inhibitors present in the axis tip of the zygotic embryo.     

人参培养细胞单细胞克隆的条件培养

来自细胞悬浮培养物的条件培养基能显著地促进人参培养细胞的单细胞在较低细胞植板密度培养时的克隆形成。每毫升含3×10³个细胞时,条件培养的植板率是普通平板培养的4倍。细胞悬浮培养12－16天时所制备的条件培养基活性最大,在一定浓度范围内随条件培养基浓度增加。细胞克隆植板率随之增加。条件培养基具有一定的生理作用专一性。看护培养和条件培养的比较,表明前者在细胞密度较低时能更有效地促进细胞克隆的形成和生长。条件培养基在4℃条件下贮存两周仍保持活性稳定,并且能耐受高温处理。当受到强酸或强碱处理其活性失去．但在弱酸或弱碱条件下稳定。     

人参培养细胞中活性六糖的分离及结构鉴定

将用酸水解人参细胞方法得到的寡糖素,是一组聚合度由３－１２单糖组成的水溶性混合物,经活性碳柱,ｏｗｅｘ５０（Ｈ＾＋）柱,Ｂｉｏ－Ｇｅｌ Ｐ－２凝胶柱后由半制备型ＯＤＳ柱在ＨＰＬＣ分离到一个六糖,通过ＧＣ,ＧＣ－ＭＳ,ＦＡＢ－ＭＳ和＾１３４Ｃ－ＮＭＲ测定,推测出了这个     

Developmental and structural aspects of somatic embryos formed on medium containing 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid

Cotyledon explants of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) zygotic embryos produced somatic embryos at a high rate (68%) on medium without any growth regulators. Under this culture condition, apparent polar somatic embryogenesis occurred near the basal-excised portion of the cotyledons. When the cotyledon explants were cultured on medium containing 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), an auxin polar-transport inhibitor, the frequency of somatic embryo formation markedly decreased and was completely inhibited on medium containing 20 μM TIBA. On medium containing 5–10 μM, somatic embryos developed sporadically on the surface of the cotyledons and had a normal embryo axis but jar-shaped cotyledons. Embryos with jar-shaped cotyledons were also observed to occur at a high frequency when the early globular embryos formed on hormone-free medium were transferred to medium containing 20 μM TIBA. From these results, it was deduced that endogenous auxin in the cotyledon explants plays an important role in the induction of somatic embryos and that the cotyledon development in somatic embryos is also related to the polar transport of endogenous auxin. Received: 11 October 1996 / Revised version received: 8 January 1997 / Accepted: 26 January 1997