冉家路口旧石器遗址初步研究

冉家路口遗址位于重庆市丰都县境内,是三峡地区一处重要的旧石器时代遗址。遗址埋藏于长江干流的第Ⅲ级基座阶地底部,石制品经过了短距离的搬运和扰动。2001年进行的第2次发掘揭露面积500m^2,出土石制品680件,类型包括石核、石片、断块和石器等,原料全部就地选取河滩砾石,以锤击法生产石片。石器以大型和中型为主,砍砸器和刮削器是主要类型,其它有凹缺器、薄刃斧、手镐、两面器和石球等;石器毛坯以石片为主,占80．5％;石器采用锤击法加工,以单向加工为主,另外有少数错向和双面加工,器型比较稳定;石器类型具有中国南方旧石器时代主工业的特点,同时呈现较强的石片工业特点。地貌对比和光释光测年结果表明,冉家路口遗址的时代处于中更新世晚期,属旧石器时代中期文化。     

一组正常眼球径活体测量

目的活体测量成年男性正视眼的前后径与横径.方法采用CT方法,对成年男性45人73只正视眼的前后径与横径的内外径进行了活体测量,并对其中23人33眼的眼轴同时进行A超测量.结果CT测量,前后径外径为24.86±1.09 mm,内径为22.31±1.22 mm,横径外径为24.98±1.25 mm,内径为22.58±1.23 mm,前后径与横径的外径与外径,内径与内径相比,均无显著性差异(均P＞0.05).A超测量眼轴为23.02±0.75 mm.成年男性正视眼基本呈圆形.CT与A超测量方法不同,结果各异.结论活体CT测量眼球径可靠、可行.尤其对横径测量,在眼球形态学的意义上,提供了一个有价值的探索途径.     

Site du Paléolithique inférieur de Bogatyri/Sinyaya Balka dans la péninsule de Taman,Kraï de Krasnodar,Russie

The paper aims to present new multidisciplinary results obtained from the study of the Lower Palaeolithic Bogatyri/Sinyaya Balka site (the Taman peninsula), organized after 2010. The particular attention is given to the estimation of the age of the site and to the unique way of adaptation of the Homo erectus to the special environmental conditions of the Taman peninsula.     

A mannose-specific lectin from Vicia villosa seeds

A lectin specific to mannose has been purified from Vicia villosa seed by (NH₄)₂SO₄ fractionation, GalNAc-Sepharose and Man-Sepharose affinity chromatography. It was defined as VVL_M, which showed a single band on an acidic-PAGE stained with Coosmassie brilliant blue. The molecular weight of VVL_M was 50 kDa as determined by gel filtration on Biogel P-100 column. The VVL_M molecule consists of 2 distinct subunits with apparent molecular weight of 30 kDa and 22kDa determined by SDS-PAGE. VVL_M has at least four isolectins with similar haemagglutinating activity. Its extinction coefficient is calculated as A_1cm¹ = 16.4 at 280 nm. Sugars could not be detected phenol-sulfuric acid method. The circular dichroism analysis at far UV indicated that VVL_M was a β-sheet-rich protein, and gave no α-helix, 69% β-sheet, 14% β-turn by Provencher and Glockner method. The lectin was inhibited by α-methyl-d-mannose at 12.5 mM and glucose or GlcNAc at 50 mM. The carbohydrate binding specificity of VVL_M was investigated by using affinity chromatography on a VVL_M-Sepharose column. Among various Asn-linked oligosaccharides, core structure Manα1→3(Manα1→6)Manβ1→4GlcNAcβ1→4GlcNAc_OT were found to have high affinity for VVL_M-Sepharose. The antisera of VVL_M did not produce precipitin line with VVL_G in agar double diffusion plate indicating so serological relationship between VVL_M and VVL_G. However VVL_M showed similar immunodeterminants of some other lectins of mannose specificity such as Con A, PSL, LCA and VFL.     

Localization and characterization of T-cell subpopulations and natural killer cells (HNK 1+ cells) in the human tonsilla palatina

Summary In the present study attention was focussed on several lymphoid subpopulations and specific stationary cells of the human tonsilla palatina. They were labeled at the light- and electron-microscopic levels by means of monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens. Cells resembling interdigitating cells (IDC-like cells) within the crypt epithelium and the interdigitating cells in the parafollicular T-cell region express the HLA-DR antigen. This fact suggests a relationship between these two populations of cells. Both cell types were frequently found in close contact to T-helper cells labeled with Anti-Leu 3a. This fact is discussed as a confirmation of earlier suggestions that the tonsillar crypt epithelium serves as T-cell region. Cytotoxic/ suppressor-T cells (OKT 8 ⁺) and Leu 7-positive cells do not appear to contact interdigitating cells. Anti-Leu 7 is a monoclonal antibody, that defines a differentiation antigen shown to be selectively expressed on human natural killer cells (NK-cells). With the use of the immuno-electron-microscopic labeling method it was possible to analyze the ultrastructure of this lymphoid subpopulation. Two morphologically distinguishable subtypes of Leu 7-positive cells populate different microenvironments: The Leu 7-positive large-granular lymphocyte was predominantly found in the crypt epithelium, while numerous Leu 7-positive cells located in the germinal centers had the appearance of small lymphocytes. This finding is discussed in favour of distinct phenotypes representing different stages in a differentiation pathway of the maturing NK-cell: Small Leu 7-positive lymphocytes in the germinal centers are supposed to be functionally inactive precursors, and only the Leu 7-positive large granulated lymphocytes in the crypt epithelium may represent differentiated active NK-cells. This interpretation is in agreement with the observation that the tonsilla palatina, in spite of containing numerous Leu 7-positive cells, shows only low NK-activity against tumor cells.Glossary of Abbreviations used in this Paper DAB diamino-benzidine - DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide - HLA human leucocyte antigen - HLA-DR human leucocyte antigen, D-region related - Ia-antigen immune-associated antigen of the MHC - IDC interdigitating cell - IDC-like cell cell that resembles an interdigitating cell - LGL large granular lymphocyte - MHC major histocompatibility gene complex - NK-cell natural killer cell - PBS phosphate-buffered saline     

Immunohistochemical characterization of the thymic microenvironment

Summary The epithelial framework of the human thymus has been studied in parallel by immunohistochemical methods at the light- and electron-microscopic levels. Different monoclonal antibodies were used, reacting with components of the major histocompatibility complex, keratins, thymic hormones and other as yet antigenically undefined substances, which show specific immunoreactivities with human thymus epithelial cells.The electron-microscopic immunocytochemical observations clearly confirm microtopographical differences of epithelial cells not only between the thymic cortex and medulla, but also within the cortex itself. At least four subtypes of epithelial cells could be distinguished: 1) the cortical surface epithelium; 2) the main cortical epithelial cells and thymic nurse cells; 3) the medullary epithelial cells; and 4) the epithelial cells of Hassall's corpuscles.The various epithelial cell types of the thymus display several common features like tonofilaments, desmosomes and some surface antigens as demonstrated by anti-KiM3. In other respects, however, they differ from each other. The cortical subtype of thymic epithelial cells including the thymic nurse cells shows a distinct pattern of surface antigens reacting positively with antibodies against HLA-DR (anti-HLA-DR) and anti-21A62E. Electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry with these antibodies clearly reveals a surface labeling and a narrow contact to cortical thymocytes particularly in the peripheral cortical regions. An alternative staining pattern is realized by antibodies to some antigens associated with other subtypes of thymic epithelial cells. Medullary epithelial cells as well as the cortical surface epithelium react likewise positively with antibodies to special surface antigens (anti-Ep-1), to special epitopes of cytokeratin (anti-IV/82), and to thymic hormones (anti-FTS). The functional significance of distinct microenvironments within the thymus provided by different epithelial cells is discussed in view of the maturation of T-precursor cells.Glossary of Abbreviations Anti-X anti-X antibody - APUD-cells amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (gastro-intestinal endocrine cells) - DAB diamino-benzidine - DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide - FTS facteur thymique sérique - HLA-A, B, C human leucocyte antigen, A, B, C-region related - HLA-DR human leucocyte antigen, D-region related - IDC interdigitating cell - MHC major histocompatibility gene complex - PBS phosphate-buffered saline - TNC thymic nurse cell This investigation was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and its Sonderforschungsbereich 111Fellow of the Alexander von Humbold-Stiftung, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Federal Republic of GermanyThe authors appreciate the contribution of human thymus tissue from Professor Alexander Bernhard, Abteilung kardiovasculäre Chirurgie der Universität Kiel; the gift of monoclonal antibodies from Dr. M.J.D. Anderson, Dr. M. Dardenne and Dr. H.J. Radzun; and the excellent technical assistence of Mrs. O.M. Bracker, Mrs. H. Hansen, Mrs. R. Köpke, Mrs. M. v. Kolszynski, Mrs. J. Quitzau, Mrs. H. Siebke, and Mrs. H. Waluk     

What is going on at the Molí del Salt site? A zooarchaeological approach to the last hunter-gatherers from South Catalonia

Abstract

Small game seems to have increased during the Upper Palaeolithic to the detriment of large game on the Iberian Peninsula. The economical and socio-cultural factors associated with this ecological shift represent a widely discussed topic. The present work attempts to elucidate the subsistence strategies occurring through the Late Pleistocene in Iberia using the example of the Molí del Salt (Tarragona, Spain), an archaeological site located in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The taphonomical analysis of faunal remains shows a high incidence of human activity on different taxonomical groups, although the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) stands out. This taxon presents cut-marks related to various processing activities (e.g. skinning and defleshing) and intentional bone breakage to access marrow. The abundance of specimens with human-induced damage enables us to make inferences regarding the procurement strategies and the occupational patterns at the site, where long and stable occupations seem to have occurred.     

The inheritance of shovel shape in maxillary central incisors

The aim of this study is to investigate the inheritance of the shovel shape of maxillary permanent central incisors. The material collected on Hailuoto Island, off the western coast of Finland, consists of 319 dental casts. The genealogical data are from the parish register. The genetic method is based on the incidence of the trait in the sibships as compared to that in the whole population sample. The results suggest that the trait is hereditary, and transmitted by a single intermediate autosomal gene, although more complex models of inheritance are also acceptable.