New data on the Dyrosauridae (Crocodylomorpha) from the Paleocene of Togo

Following our fieldwork in Paleogene deposits of Togo, we herein report cranial as well as postcranial elements belonging to the family Dyrosauridae. This assemblage is dated to the Late Paleocene (Thanetian) from two quarries in southern Togo. The specimens include a partial skull presenting two large supratemporal fossae and a massive occipital condyle; long and slender isolated teeth; amphicoelous vertebrae including several articulated ones; and two osteoderms devoid of carina. The morphology of the partial skull reveals similarities with some African longirostrine forms such as Rhabdognathus spp., although this attribution cannot be confirmed. Longirostrine forms, known in the late Paleocene and early Eocene of the Iullemmeden basin (Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Algeria) and in the phosphates of Morocco and Tunisia, is only represented in Thanetian levels in Togo. Different palaeoenvironmental settings seem to have characterized the various African basins during the lower Eocene, with consequences for the geographic distribution of dyrosaurids. These dyrosaurid remains confirm the presence of the family in Togo during the Paleocene and underline the fossiliferous potential of the coastal sedimentary basin in Togo and in the bay of Benin.     

Utilisation du bois de feu par les chasseurs-cueilleurs de la « Cidade de Pedra » à partir de l’Holocène moyen (Brésil Central,Mato Grosso,Rondonópolis)

Located in the south-western Mato Grosso state (Central Brazil), the vast territory of the Cidade de Pedra was continuously occupied since the mid-Holocene by several groups of hunter-gatherers. Rock paintings, lithic industries, ceramics, ornaments, combustion remains (etc.) testify their passages in the many rock art sites discovered since 1983. In this paper are presented the results of the first anthracological analyzes conducted in four of these rock shelters. The studies were realized from macro-remains carbonized from hearths, embers and concentrations. From the taxonomic identification of charcoal, the objectives are to highlight the practices of hunter-gatherers related to the collection of wood and the environment in which they evolved for nearly 5000 years. The results indicate that they practiced an opportunistic collection mainly focused on dry wood available in the vegetation around the sites. They evolved in an environment similar to that currently characterizes the region, a typical flora of the Cerrado Biome and seasonal climate.     

越冬代亚洲玉米螟成虫发生动态及其与温度关系初探——以通辽市开鲁县为例

为明确亚洲玉米螟越冬代成虫发生动态及其与温度的关系,于2007-2016年利用频振式杀虫灯结合当地气象数据进行系统调查与分析。结果表明,自然条件下内蒙古通辽地区越冬代玉米螟成虫始见期在6月初(6月5日左右),高峰期在6月下旬(6月26日左右),终见期为7月中旬(7月14日左右),整个成虫期有效温度累积范围在150.0℃~750.0℃之间,高峰期集中在350.0℃~450.0℃的范围内。总的来看,越冬代成虫始见期与高峰期与吉林省中部地区大体相同,终见期稍晚于吉林中部地区但早于黑龙江哈尔滨地区。通辽与吉林中部地区越冬代成虫期(均40 d左右)约比黑龙江哈尔滨地区短10 d。可见,各地越冬代玉米螟成虫发生期的早晚和持续时间长短因地而异,同一地区受年份间的气温变化其也会出现差异。     

金龙胆草提取液体外抑菌活性分析

金龙胆草是传统道地中药材,但目前受到材料来源不足的限制,其应用和研究均受到很大限制,为更好地开发和应用该道地中药材,本研究以实验室野生金龙胆草和组培金龙胆草出发,分别采用热水浴和索式提取法对金龙胆草有效成份进行了提取和体外抑菌活性研究。结果表明,热水浴浸提法的抑菌效果优于索式提取法,均表现出对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌这类革兰氏阳性菌有很好的抑制效果,最小抑菌浓度分别达到12.5 mg/mL和50 mg/mL。野生型提取液和组培型的提取液体外抑菌比较实验显示,野生型金龙胆草的抑菌效果要显著优于组培型金龙胆草提取液。这将为金龙胆草作为中药抗菌药的合理利用提供一定的指导作用,同时为减少抗生素的滥用造成的环境污染作出一定的贡献。     

Les sciuridés des gisements karstiques du Miocène inférieur à moyen du sud de la France : nouvelles espèces, phylogénie, paléoenvironnement

We describe sciurids from Lower and Middle Miocene karstic sites located in the south of France. Four new taxa are recognized here: Atlantoxerus martini nov. sp., Atlantoxerus sp. 1, Freudenthalia cuencae nov. sp. and Aragoxerus nov. sp. The last two genera are recognized for the first time in the south of France. A comparison with the Iberian peninsula is carried out, it tackles the problems of diversity, phylogeny and settlement. Hypothesis concerning the predation of these terrestrial squirrels and paleoenvironment is proposed.     

Records and palaeoenvironmental conditions of Early Miocene scleractinian corals from the Fırat formation (Diyarbakır,Turkey)

Miocene scleractinian corals were documented for the first time in the Fırat Formation of Sarıca village, Eğil district of Diyarbakır, SE Turkey. The fauna consists of four hermatypic species belonging to three families: Diploastrea taurinensis (d’Achiardi, 1868), Tarbellastraea reussiana (Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1850), Echinopora gemmacea (Lamarck, 1816) and Montastraea pelouaensis (Chevalier, 1954). The morphospecies described here are typical of the early Miocene (Aquitanian-Burdigalian) and show that the Fırat Formation coral community was composed of shallow and subtropical reefs of Mediterranean Tethys palaeobiogeographical affinity. The examined species are reef components found in tropical and subtropical oceans, as are the majority of zooxanthellae. The species were upper photic zone related, had massive colonial growth morphology, and lived in a shallow tropical-subtropical marine palaeoenvironment at a depth of up to 50 m. They grew on hard ground, clean water, and normal salinity and required a minimum seawater temperature of 18 ̊C; however, they were most abundant at water temperatures ranging from 22 to 26 ̊C in high-moderate water energy. Consequently, this fossil assemblage will not only improve our knowledge of scleractinian coral diversity and morphological variation in SE Turkey but will also provide an important background for future studies of coral taxonomy, diversity and biogeography of the region.     

棉田玉米螟的田间发生为害观察

灯下所诱玉米螟Ostriniafurnacalis（Güenée）雌蛾,二、三代分别为76．05％及59．91％,蛾峰后4～5天出现卵峰。主茎叶及棉株下部的卵量随产卵时间的推移,逐渐递减,而趋向棉株上部及外围。二代卵以下部2～3层为多,三代卵以2～4层果枝为多,内围多于外围;93％以上的卵产于绿叶反面;棉田卵寄生的高低与施药有关,且明显低于玉米田;二代5～10层蛀茎占总数的84．44％,三代4～8层蛀铃占59．79％。卵密度不同,蛀铃分布也不同。     

太行山前平原麦田昆虫种类调查及4种药剂对麦红吸浆虫的药效实验

以藁城为例,采用淘土、扫网、挂黄板等方法对太行山前平原麦田昆虫群落进行了调查,结果表明该区域超高产麦田昆虫种类相对较少,总计22种,隶属于6目14科。害虫主要有2类,吸浆虫类和麦蚜类。小麦吸浆虫以麦红吸浆虫为主。天敌昆虫常见有蚜茧蜂、食蚜蝇、草蛉和瓢虫4类。采用氧乐果、毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉4种常用药剂对麦红吸浆虫成虫进行了田间药效实验,结果表明上述4种药剂对麦红吸浆虫均有较好的防治效果,虫口减退率均在80%以上。其虫口减退率从高到低依次为:氧乐果、毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉。建议根据麦红吸浆虫的发生情况,选择中低毒药剂毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉交替使用。     

Enters the shrew,some considerations on the Miocene palaeobiogeography of Iberian insectivores

The fossil record of the Iberian insectivores forms a subset of those found in central Europe. Comparison of the late early to early late Miocene record of the two areas shows that, particularly during the late Early Miocene, central European taxa have transient occurrences in Spain. Most taxa appear earlier and survive longer in central Europe. A notable exception is the gymnure Galerix, which extirpates earlier in central Europe, except for a transient occurrence in Germany just prior to its extinction. The main period of insectivore migrations is the late middle Miocene, although some of the taxa that enter remain restricted to the coastal areas. Overall, the pattern of distribution in time and space is best explained by the preference of insectivores for humid environments, as were found during the early Miocene and re-appeared at the end of the middle Miocene.