Compensation limits of fish muscle myofibrillar ATPase enzyme to environmental temperature

1. 1.|Goldfish acclimated to a range of temperatures between 5 and 35°C were found to only compensate the specific activity of their myofibrillar ATPase enzyme between 10 and 30°C.

2. 2.|The preferred temperatures of goldfish acclimated to 5°C and to 30°C were determined to be about 10 and 26°C respectively.

3. 3.|It is conlcuded that goldfish are only able to acclimate their myofibrillar ATPase system to temperatures between 10 and 30°C, but acclimation to these temperatures enables them to tolerate extremes.

Effect of microtubule reactive drugs on steroid- and centrifugation-induced germinal vesicle migration during goldfish oocyte meiosis

During the process of progestogen-induced meiotic maturation in the goldfish oocyte, the oocyte nucleus (germinal vesicle, GV) migrates to the sperm entry site or micropyle at the animal pole. Following GV migration (GVM) to the micropyle, the nuclear membrane undergoes dissolution (GVD) and the cell enters metaphase I in preparation to generate the first polar body. Microtubule destabilizing drugs including colcemid, nocodazole and vinblastine were found to elicit GVM, mimicking the process which occurs just prior to the prophase I-metaphase I transition during steroid induced oocyte meiotic maturation. In addition, these drugs enhanced the induction of GVM by 17 alpha, 20 beta dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, a potent, naturally occurring meiotogenic steroid in this species. By contrast, taxol, a microtubule stabilizing drug, was found to inhibit steroid induced GVM. A new assay for centrifugation induced GVM was applied to the goldfish oocyte in order to assess effects of steroids and drugs on GVM, without the complication of GVD or the restrictions imposed by the slow time course of naturally occurring GVM. The effective centrifugal force (ECF) required to elicit GVM in 50% of the oocytes (ECF50) decreased significantly after short incubations (1-5 hr) of oocytes with either 17 alpha,20 beta dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one or microtubule disrupting drugs (i.e., colcemid, nocodazole, or vinblastine). A working hypothesis, modeled after the effects of microtubule disrupting agents on intermediate filament arrays in somatic cells, is proposed in which a small number of microtubules or other polymeric tubulin units are responsible for maintaining a cytoskeletal array.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

3种肟类化合物对中毒乙酰胆碱酯酶的重活化能力比较

3种肟类化合物(TMB4、LUH6和2-PAM-Cl)对辛硫磷抑制的鲫鱼、蟑螂和家蝇的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)均具有重活化作用。初步比较研究了3种肟类化合物对中毒AChE的重活化能力,发现它们对被抑制的蟑螂和家蝇的AChE重活化能力差异不显著;但是对被抑制的鲫鱼的AChE来说,TMB4和L H6的重活化能力明显比2-PAM-Cl强。推测这3种肟类化合物对蟑螂、家蝇和鲫鱼的中毒AChE的活化能力的差异可能是由脊椎动物与无脊椎动物AChE本身的差异性造成的。     

A population of red‐transparent, triploid Carassius auratus

A red‐transparent population, distributed in Pingxiang of Jiangxi Province, was identified to be triploid Carassius auratus by DNA content measurement and chromosome analysis. Artificial propagation experiments indicated that the red‐transparent triploid Carassius auratus could reproduce by gynogenesis.     

鲫不同种系线粒体DNA物理图谱的构建

用１３种限制性内切酶对鲫鱼三个亚种共七个品系的线粒体ＤＮＡ进行分析,其中有９种酶在种系间或种系内产生限制性片断长度多态性,发现了１６个线粒体ＤＮＡ组合单倍型,通过双酶切分析,构建了１６个线粒体ＤＮＡ组合单倍型的１３种限制性内切酶的发点的物理图谱。     

Temperature effects on evoked potentials of hippocampal slices from noncold-acclimated, cold-acclimated and hibernating hamsters

1. 1.|Neural activity was recorded in hippocampal slices from noncold-acclimated, cold-acclimated and hibernating hamsters.

2. 2.|Action potentials from a population of hippocampal pyramidal neurons were evoked by stimulating an afferent fiber tract, the Schaffer collaterals. The temperature of the artificial cerebrospinal fluid bathing the slice was varied by controlling the temperature of a water chamber jacketing the recording chamber.

3. 3.|The temperature just below that at which a population spike could be evoked, T_t, was 15.8 ± 0.9°C (mean ± SEM) for noncold-acclimated hamsters, 13.9 ± 0.3°C for cold-acclimated hamsters and 12.3 ± 0.3°C for hibernating hamsters.

4. 4.|These thresholds for evoked activity were significantly different in noncold-acclimated, cold-acclimated and hibernating hamsters, and may reflect acclimation of hippocampal neurons to cold.

Extensive hybridization reveals multiple coloration genes underlying a complex plumage phenotype

Coloration is an important target of both natural and sexual selection. Discovering the genetic basis of colour differences can help us to understand how this visually striking phenotype evolves. Hybridizing taxa with both clear colour differences and shallow genomic divergences are unusually tractable for associating coloration phenotypes with their causal genotypes. Here, we leverage the extensive admixture between two common North American woodpeckers—yellow-shafted and red-shafted flickers—to identify the genomic bases of six distinct plumage patches involving both melanin and carotenoid pigments. Comparisons between flickers across approximately 7.25 million genome-wide SNPs show that these two forms differ at only a small proportion of the genome (mean F_ST = 0.008). Within the few highly differentiated genomic regions, we identify 368 SNPs significantly associated with four of the six plumage patches. These SNPs are linked to multiple genes known to be involved in melanin and carotenoid pigmentation. For example, a gene (CYP2J19) known to cause yellow to red colour transitions in other birds is strongly associated with the yellow versus red differences in the wing and tail feathers of these flickers. Additionally, our analyses suggest novel links between known melanin genes and carotenoid coloration. Our finding of patch-specific control of plumage coloration adds to the growing body of literature suggesting colour diversity in animals could be created through selection acting on novel combinations of coloration genes.     

野生鲫鱼和五个金鱼代表品种的肌肉蛋白电泳分析

本工作用琼脂糖等电聚焦（Ａｇａｒｏｓｅ－ＩＥＦ）,ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）以及将两者结合起来的双向电泳技术,对野生鲫鱼和５个金鱼品种的亲缘关系进行了种内分化的比较研究。其结果是：（１）鲫鱼和金鱼各品种的肌肉蛋白的大量组分是相似的,验证了金鱼由野生鲫鱼演化而来的推断;（２）在鲫鱼演化到金鱼的过程中,出现了一些新的蛋白成分,但也有些蛋白组分消失了,并且有从野生鲫鱼经过金鲫鱼这个中