一株感染杨尺蠖蛹的病原真菌的分离及鉴定

【目的】从山西省洪洞县的杨树丰产林中采集到几头自然染菌的杨尺蠖Apocheima cinerarius越冬蛹虫尸,经分离纯化得到一株病原真菌,定名为YHT01,确定该菌株的分类地位。【方法】用该菌株孢子悬浮液(1.0×108 conidia/m L)感染杨尺蠖蛹进行回接杀虫实验,扫描电镜观察菌株形态学特征,ITS序列测定并构建系统发育树对YHT01菌株进行分子鉴定。【结果】经YHT01菌株感染之后,杨尺蠖蛹节间处长出白色菌丝。该菌株在PDA培养基上的菌落呈椭圆形,白色,绒毛状,菌落背面呈橙黄色;扫描电镜观察结果显示,该菌株孢梗束呈扫帚状,分生孢子小,卵形至椭圆形,壁光滑,大小为(2.1-3.4)μm×(1.1-1.8)μm。该菌株的r DNA-ITS序列与Gen Bank中粉棒束孢Isaria farinosa(Holm:Fr.)Fr.(AB233337)的序列相似性达99%,在系统发育树的同一分支上。【结论】YHT01是杨尺蠖蛹的一株病原真菌,粉棒束孢Isaria farinosa。     

古尼虫草分生孢子阶段的分离和鉴定

用古尼虫草[Cordyceps gunnii(Berk.)Berk.]的子座和内菌核作组织分离,用成熟子座自然发射的子囊孢子作孢子分离,经多批次重复操作结果皆获得同一种真菌培养物。鉴定表明这种真菌是拟青霉属的一个新种——古尼拟青霉(Paecilomyces gunnii Liang sp.nov.)。它的主要特征是,在察氏琼脂上菌落白色至灰色,背面棕色;分生孢子梗短,多从气生菌丝上长出,一般长60μm;瓶梗7—12(-19)×2—3(-4)μm,有再育现象;分生孢子多数拟椭圆形或梭形,表面具细刺,(1.6-)2.6—4.0(-4.8)×(1.2-)1.6—2.5(-3.5)μm,平均大小为4.0×2.6μm;厚垣孢子近球形,光滑;5.5—7.2×3.2—5.5μm。32℃以上不生长。     

蛹虫草液体培养条件优化及有效成分含量分析

为优化蛹虫草菌的液体培养条件,对蛹虫草菌丝体进行液体摇瓶培养。以干菌丝体得率为指标,对影响发酵产量的重要因子设计正交试验,得出最佳培养条件。在最优条件下扩大培养,检测此时菌丝体中虫草素及虫草多糖含量。结果表明:蛹虫草菌丝体液体发酵的最适条件为:接种量10 % (v/v) ,发酵初始pH7 0 ,发酵温度2 7℃,发酵时间96h。扩大培养后,测得菌丝体中虫草素的含量为5 1 785mg/10 0g ,虫草精多糖含量为1 92g/10 0g。     

蛹虫草发酵液抗菌活性初步研究

对蛹虫草摇瓶发酵的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物进行了抗菌实验.结果表明,乙酸乙酯萃取物对细菌中的金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、变形杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、北京棒状杆菌和霉菌中的绿色木霉、黄曲霉有明显的抑菌作用;正丁醇萃取物对细菌中的马铃薯芽孢杆菌、变形杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、灵杆菌和霉菌中的绿色木霉以及黄曲霉有明显的抑菌作用,且提取物的抑菌作用随浓度增大而增强,而水相则没有抑菌活性.蛹虫草发酵液中具有抗菌活性物质.     

古尼拟青霉麦角甾醇高产液体培养条件及提取工艺的优化

以古尼拟青霉生物量和麦角甾醇含量为指标,对古尼拟青霉的高产麦角甾醇培养条件及麦角甾醇提取工艺进行了优化。正交试验结果表明,高产麦角甾醇的最适液体培养基为蔗糖4%,麸皮2%,KH2PO4 0.025%和NaCl 0.05%;响应面实验结果表明,麦角甾醇最佳提取工艺为：提取溶剂浓度为80%乙醇,液料比为200:1,提取时间为65min。     

Acute oral intragastric pathogenicity and toxicity in mice of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paecilomyces fumosoroseus</Emphasis> isolated from whiteflies

Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, monospore culture EH-506/3, isolated in Mexico from Bemisia tabaci whitefly was tested for acute oral intragastric pathogenicity and toxicity in CD-1 mice. Animals were inoculated by gavage with only one dose (10⁸ conidia/animal) of viable (72 mice), heat-killed (24 mice) fungus and compared to 18 control mice. Clinical observations were done daily; mycological and histological tests were performed during necropsies at days 3, 10, 17, and 21 after the inoculation. No mice were clinically ill or died. At the end of the study, their mean weight corresponded to healthy adults. Positive fungal cultures of feces were obtained only 24 h after inoculation. Positive cultures were found in 15 out of 360 organs (liver, spleen, kidney, brain, lung) in 12 of 72 mice inoculated with viable conidia. Gross pathology exhibited splenomegaly and liver paleness in mice inoculated with viable and heat-killed fungus. Non-germinated conidia were observed in studied organs, without any pathological tissue reaction, suggesting no mycological or histopathological evidence of fungal multiplication. The fungus was able to persist, but did not cause permanent damage to the host. This study supports the non-pathogenic/toxic status of P. fumosoroseus EH-506/3 when administered intragastrically in mice.     

Hyalohyphomycosis caused byPaecilomyces variotii: a case report,animal pathogenicity and ‘in vitro’ sensitivity

A case of cutaneous infection in a 25-year-old male caused byPaecilomyces variotii is described. Animal pathogenicity studies with normal and cortisone-treated mice revealed the predeliction ofP. variotii for skin and liver in both normal and cortisone-treated mice and for lungs and heart only in immunosuppressed mice. 5-fluorocytosine gave the best MIC value forP. variotii in vitro. This report documents for the first time thatP. variotii causes cutaneous infection.     

壳聚糖絮凝蛹虫草菌丝体多糖工艺优化及其失活动力学分析

利用响应面法对蛹虫草诱变菌株CSYB-2菌丝体多糖的制备工艺进行优化,结果显示在壳聚糖用量1.4mL/g、絮凝温度55℃、絮凝时间70min条件下,多糖保留率为(82.05±0.21)%。在壳聚糖絮凝诱变菌株CSYB-2菌丝体多糖浸提液的絮凝工艺基础上,通过构建壳聚糖失活动力学模型,探究絮凝剂（壳聚糖）在絮凝过程中的动力学规律和失活机理。结果表明壳聚糖的失活动力学符合一级反应的失活动力学方程,在考察溶液澄清率（絮凝率）在不同时间、温度下变化规律的基础上推算出失活速率常数、活化能等动力学函数值,为研究絮凝作用中絮凝剂失活的机理提供理论支持。     

Impact of carbon and nitrogen nutrition on the quality, yield and composition of blastospores of the bioinsecticidal fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus

The impact of growing cultures of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus in liquid media containing four combinations of glucose and casamino acids (8 g l^–1 or 80 g l^–1 glucose, 1.32 g l^–1 or 13.2 g l^–1 casamino acids) was evaluated, based on blastospore production, germination rate, viability after freeze-drying and short-term storage stability. When blastospores were produced using a high casamino acid concentration, blastospore yields and germination rates were significantly higher (13.2–18.5×10⁷ blastospores ml^–1, 50–60% germination after 4 h), compared to cultures grown in media containing lower casamino acid concentrations (0.4–2.3×10⁷ blastospores ml^–1, 10–20% germination after 4 h). Chemical analyses of blastospore composition showed that accelerated blastospore germination may be related to increased proteinaceous reserves rather than to glycogen or lipid accumulation. Tolerance to freeze-drying by blastospores suspended in spent medium was enhanced by a high initial casamino acid concentration in the culture medium (75% survival) and by the residual glucose concentrations in the spent medium. Under the conditions of this study, the storage stability of blastospores of P. fumosoroseus was unaffected by the nutritional condition in which they were produced.