蛹虫草蓝光诱导两步法发酵产类胡萝卜素

采用黑暗摇瓶发酵和蓝光照射静置培养的两步培养法,进行蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris L.)液体发酵产类胡萝卜素的蓝光诱导。结果表明蛹虫草在2d的黑暗培养和5d的蓝光照射静置培养后,其类胡萝卜素的含量可达到最高值558.4μg/gFW。而以黑暗摇瓶培养2d后,进行不同时间的蓝光照射静置培养。结果表明,蓝光照射最初2d,蛹虫草类胡萝卜素含量变化不明显,随后快速增加,并在第5天达到最大值558.4μg/gFW,随后类胡萝卜素的含量并无明显变化。通过研究解决了蛹虫草液体发酵产类胡萝卜素的培养过程中蓝光的给光问题。     

生物磁效应对蛹虫草活性物质含量的影响

利用场强为0.1、0.25、0.4T恒定磁场,以流速为1 m·s^-1,分别对普通水进行9次处理,串联（SC）磁场处理3次的磁处理水,进而用于栽培蛹虫草,并研究了生物磁效应对蛹虫草虫草素、虫草酸、多糖含量及生物学转化效率的影响。结果表明,0.4T处理有利于蛹虫草虫草酸含量及生物学效率的提高,相比对照组分别提高了7.29%和15.37%;0.25T处理组有利于虫草素的积累,比对照组提高了11.31%;0.1T处理有利于多糖的积累,相比对照组提高了14.80%。方差分析表明,经不同场强处理的磁化水对蛹虫草子实体生长和活性物的代谢影响差异显著。但磁处理水对于不同物质含量的影响规律存在一定的差异性。     

Effect of opportunistic fungi on the life cycle of the root-knot nematode ( Meloidogyne javanica) on brinjal

The effect of four opportunistic fungi viz., Paecilomyces lilacinus, Cladosporium oxysporum, Gliocladium virens and Talaromyces flavus on the life cycle of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, on brinjal was evaluated under glasshouse conditions. The results revealed that these fungi affected the penetration and development of M. javanica. The life cycle of M. javanica was delayed by 10, 7, 4 and 2 days in the presence of P. lilacinus, C. oxysporum, G. virens and T. flavus respectively. Fecundity, number of eggs per eggmass and number of larvae was also reduced in the presence of these opportunistic fungi. However, the number of males increased in the presence of opportunistic fungi.     

Der Besatz von Beta-Rüubensaatgut rait Wurzelbranderregern und der Einfluß von Umweltfaktoren auf das Auftreten des samenbüurtigen Wurzelbrandes

The root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was controlled more effectively when P. lilacinus and G. mosseae were applied together in a pot experiment than either was applied alone. Inoculation of tomato plant with G. mosseae did not markedly increase the growth of plant infected with M. incognita. Inoculation of plant with G. mosseae and P. lilacinus together or alone resulted in a similar shoot and plant height. The highest root development was achieved when mycorrhizal plant were inoculated with P. lilacinus to combat root knot nematode. Inoculation of tomato plant with P. lilacinus suppressed galls/root system and eggs/egg masses, compared to seedling inoculated with M. incognita alone. The mycorrhizal colonization was not affected by inoculation of P. lilacinus.     

Isolation of nematophagous fungi from eggs and females of Meloidogyne spp. and evaluation of their biological control potential

Fungi were isolated from Meloidogyne spp. eggs and females on 102 field-collected root samples in China. Of the 235 fungi isolated (representing 18 genera and 26 species), the predominant fungi were Fusarium spp. (42.1% of the isolates collected), Fusarium oxysporum (13.2%), Paecilomyces lilacinus (12.8%), and Pochonia chlamydosporia (8.5%). The isolates were screened for their ability to parasitise Meloidogyne incognita eggs in 24-well tissue culture plates in two different tests. The percentage of eggs parasitised by the fungi, the numbers of unhatched eggs and alive and dead juveniles were counted at 4 and 7 days after inoculation. The most promising fungi included five Paecilomyces isolates, 10 Fusarium isolates, 10 Pochonia isolates and one Acremonium isolate in test 1 or test 2. Paecilomyces lilacinus YES-2 and P. chlamydosporia HDZ-9 selected from the in vitro tests were formulated in alginate pellets and evaluated for M. incognita control on tomato in a greenhouse by adding them into a soil with sand mixture at rates of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6% (w/w). P. lilacinus pellets at the highest rate (1.6%) reduced root galling by 66.7%. P. chlamydosporia pellets at the highest rate reduced the final nematode density by 90%. The results indicate that P. lilacinus and P. chlamydosporia as pellet formulation can effectively control root-knot nematodes.     

Preparation of Optically Pure cis-2,4-Dimethyl-l-cyclohexanones,the Key Intermediates in Cycloheximide Synthesis,Using Microbial Resolution

Asymmetric hydrolysis of acetate (10) of (±)-t-2,t-4-dimethyl-r-l-cyclohexanol with Bacillus subtilis var. niger gave (?)-(lS,2S,4S)-2,4-dimethyl-l-cyclohexanol (6a) and (+)-(1R,2R,4R)-acetate (10b) with high optical purities. Optically pure (?) and (+)-alcohols (6a and 6b) were prepared via corresponding 3,5-dinitrobenzoates. Oxidation of alcohols (6a and 6b) with chromic acid gave optically pure (?)-(2S,4S) and (+)-(2R,4R)-2,4-dimethyl-l-cyclohexanones (2a and 2b), respectively.     

北虫草复合制剂对小鼠免疫功能的影响

探讨北虫草复合制剂对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。建立小鼠免疫力降低的动物模型,实验分6组:对照组、衰老/免疫抑制模型组、白介素-2(IL-2)和北虫草复合制剂的不同剂量组。采用称重法测定免疫器官重量,计算胸腺指数和脾指数。小鼠溶血素抗体生成采用绵羊红细胞致敏法。北虫草复合制剂对小鼠脾脏指数和胸腺指数的影响:实验组(50.2±2.4与27.6±3.6)明显高于模型组(45.6±4.8与23.6±3.6),单位:(mg/10 g体重),差异有显著性(P<0.05)。对小鼠溶血素抗体生成的影响:实验组(53.53±7.8)高于药物对照组(36.50±7.3)。北虫草复合制剂能恢复衰老小鼠的胸腺指数和脾脏指数,增强免疫抑制小鼠血清溶血素含量,因此,对免疫功能低下的小鼠模型具有免疫调节作用。     

一中国白酒酒曲中的丝状真菌菌群

采用6种不同的培养基,分别于25℃、32℃、42℃以及50℃培养分离从而对某一中国白酒酒曲中的丝状真菌菌群进行研究.从酒曲中共分离得到886株丝状真菌,分属于接合菌,子囊菌和无性型真菌的20属,45种.其中最为丰富的是无性型真菌(28种),其次是接合菌(10种)和子囊菌(7种).对发酵起主要作用的为那些嗜热和耐热的种属,包括:宛氏拟青霉,伞枝梨头霉,梳棉状嗜热丝孢菌,微小根毛霉,金孢霉属一种和红曲属的几个种.文中还对一些在发酵中起重要作用的丝状真菌的特性进行了探讨.     

嗜热拟青霉固体发酵产木聚糖酶的纯化和性质

研究一株新的嗜热拟青霉J18的固体发酵产木聚糖酶的纯化和性质。固体发酵的粗酶液经硫酸铵沉淀、凝胶过滤层析和离子交换层析得到了一种分子量约为26 kDa的电泳纯木聚糖酶,酶活力回收率为33.5%,纯化了5.27倍。该木聚糖酶具有很好的温度和pH稳定性,在pH7.0~pH 9.0下,60℃处理24 h,酶活力能保存80%以上。该酶水解玉米芯木聚糖生成以木二糖、木三糖和木四糖为主的低聚木糖,薄层层析分析表明不含木糖,适合生产低聚木糖。