高压静电场胁迫对各代麦长管蚜体重及抗氧化酶基因表达的影响

为探究高压静电场对麦长管蚜的影响,设置不同剂量(4 kv/cm-20 min、5 kv/cm-40 min)的高压静电连续处理小麦种子和出生12 h内的麦长管蚜若虫40代,以未经上述处理的小麦种子和蚜虫为对照;通过qRT-PCR的方法对处理至第4,11,21,31,40代的麦长管蚜进行抗氧化酶基因表达量的测定,并测定相...     

胆道镜经T管瘘管取石术的护理体会

1999年9月～2009年12月，我院开展OLYMPUS CHF-P20纤维胆道镜经T管瘘管取石术，取得较好的效果，医患满意。现将护理体会报告如下。     

Fitness traits and underlying genetic variation related to host plant specialization in the aphid Sitobion avenae

Sitobion avenae （E） is an important cereal pest worldwide that can survive on various plants in the Poaceae, but divergent selection on different host plants shouldpromote the evolution of specialized genotypes or host races. In order to evaluate their resource use strategies, clones of S. avenae were collected from oat and barley. Host-transfer experiments for these clones were conducted in the laboratory to compare their fitness traits. Our results demonstrated that barley clones had significantly lower fecundityand tended to have longer developmental times when transferred from barley to oat. However, oat clones developed faster after they were transferred to barley. Clones fromoat and barley had diverged to a certain extent in terms of fecundity and developmental time of the nymphs. The separation of barley clones and oat clones of S. avenae was alsoevident in a principal component analysis. Barley clones tended to have higher broad-sense heritabilities for fitness traits than oat clones, indicating the genetic basis of differentiationbetween them. Barley clones showed significantly higher extent of specialization compared to oat clones from two measures of specialization （i.e., Xsp and Ysp）. Therefore, barleyclones were specialized to a certain extent, but oat clones appeared to be generalized. The fitness of S. avenae clones tended to increase with higher extent of specialization. Theevolution toward ecological specialization in S. avenae clones, as well as the underlying genetic basis, was discussed.     

新疆塔里木柯坪地区上奥陶统凯迪阶串管海绵类化石及其滤食选择性探讨北大核心

奥陶纪是串管海绵早期演化的一个关键阶段,记录了该类群的首次大规模辐射演化事件(属级分类单元达15个)。然而,现有大部分奥陶系串管海绵的报道来自澳大利亚东部和北美等地,在中国至今仅发现了两个属,与前述地区相比研究程度偏低。早期研究主要基于形态学特征对串管海绵进行系统分类描述,对其滤食策略知之甚少,因此制约了对此类海绵在奥陶纪底栖生态系统作用的相关探讨。本文系新疆塔里木柯坪地区奥陶纪串管海绵的首次系统古生物学报道,详细描述凯迪阶(上奥陶统)印干组中保存完好的阔室丛花海绵(Corymbospongia amplia)化石的形态学特征,并通过研究标本外壁微孔孔径的大小分布,探讨其滤食选择性。海绵外壁微孔孔径的分析表明:小型和微型浮游生物可能是其食物的主要来源,而多细胞浮游动物因个体尺寸大于海绵外壁微孔,不能被阔室丛花海绵捕获。本研究为奥陶纪串管海绵古生态学及其地球生物学意义的探讨提供了进一步的依据。     

西花蓟马聚集信息素组分在两种载体中的释放规律及引诱效果

【目的】应用蓟马聚集信息素是蓟马害虫绿色防控的重要措施。本研究旨在明确载体中西花蓟马聚集信息素2种组分(S)-2-甲基丁酸橙花酯和(R)-乙酸薰衣草酯的释放规律,为开发有效的诱芯提供指导。【方法】应用固相微萃取(SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用技术在室内测定2种载体中2种组分连续7 d的释放速率,并测定2种组分最佳配比时,2种组分的释放比值;通过田间诱集试验,比较2种载体诱芯的田间诱集效果。【结果】结果表明,橡胶塞和PVC管2种载体中2种组分的释放规律相反。相同剂量下,橡胶塞中(S)-2-甲基丁酸橙花酯的释放速率高于PVC管中释放速率,而橡胶塞中(R)-乙酸薰衣草酯的释放速率低于PVC管中释放速率。当(S)-2-甲基丁酸橙花酯和(R)-乙酸薰衣草酯8︰1混合加入载体时,橡胶塞中2种组分2-7d的释放比值在5.84-19.24之间,与西花蓟马聚集信息素组分的释放比值相似。而PVC管中2种组分2-7 d的释放比值相对稳定,维持在4左右。田间诱集试验结果表明,当中(S)-2-甲基丁酸橙花酯和(R)-乙酸薰衣草酯比例为8︰1时,橡胶塞载体诱芯的诱集效果优于PVC管载体诱芯。【结论】橡胶塞是西花蓟马聚集信息素释放的合适载体。另外,由于PVC管中2种组分释放比值相对稳定,优化加样比例后其也可作为聚集信息素释放的候选载体。     

犬巴斯德菌感染致化脓性脑膜炎及脑室管膜炎1例

本文报道1例8月龄婴儿因犬巴斯德菌感染引起的化脓性脑膜炎、脑室管膜炎。患儿因"发热、呕吐5d,双眼凝视2d"入院,无明确动物接触史。入院后立即给予敏感抗生素治疗,病情仍持续进展,出现脑疝、中枢性呼吸衰竭,家属放弃继续治疗后死亡。本文着重强调儿童易感染许多成人少见的机会性致病菌,家长应尽量避免让儿童与动物密切接触。