The Arabidopsis Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome Subunit 1 is Critical for Both Female Gametogenesis and Embryogenesis

Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a multisubunit E3 ligase, plays a critical role in cell cycle control, but the functional characterization of each subunit has not yet been completed. To investigate the function of APC1 in Arabidopsis, we analyzed four mutant alleles of APC1, and found that mutation in APC1 resulted in significantly reduced plant fertility, accumulation of cyclin B, and disrupted auxin distribution in embryos. The three mutant alleles apc1-1, apc1-2 and apc1-3 shared variable defects in female gametogenesis including degradation, abnormal nuclear number, and disrupted polarity of nuclei in the embryo sac as well as in embryogenesis, in which embryos were arrested at multiple stages. All of these defects are similar to those previously identified in apc4. The mutant apc1-4, in which the T-DNA was inserted after the transmembrane domain at the C-terminus, showed much more severe phenotypes; that is, most of the ovules were arrested at the one-nucleate female gametophyte stage (stage FG1). In the apc1 apc4 double mutants, the fertility was further reduced by one-third in apc1-1/+ apc4-1/+, and in some cases no ovules even survived in siliques of apc1-4/+ apc4-1/+. Our data thus suggest that APC1, an essential component of APC/C, plays a synergistic role with APC4 both in female gametogenesis and in embryogenesis.     

2型糖尿病患者Pentraxin-3与尿白蛋白相关性的研究

目的:研究2型糖尿病患者Pentraxin-3和尿蛋白的相关性,以及糖尿病肾病患者中PTX3临床上所起的作用.方法:选取我院2010年4月-2012年6月间进行诊治的230例2型糖尿病患者,通过对白蛋白的排泄率进行测定,将其分为三组,分别是正常白蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组以及临床白蛋白尿组,分别对三组患者的血糖、血脂、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、PTX3以及HS-CRP进行测量.结果:对PTX3水平测量时,微量白蛋白尿组明显比正常白蛋白尿组高(P＜0.01),临床白蛋白尿组PTX3水平显著高于其它两组(P＜0.01),PTX3与UAER呈正相关.各组患者的年龄、TG、HS-CRP、FPG、GGT比较,差异显著有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:患者白蛋白尿和PTX3关系密切,因此测定PTX3的水平有助于早期对糖尿病肾病进行诊断,PTX3的水平尤其对2型糖尿病肾病患者是一个重要的衡量因素.     

结/直肠癌的潜在治疗靶点

传统的结/直肠癌化疗药物,作用选择性较低,副反应明显,疗效欠佳,患者病死率居高不下.寻找新型治疗药物,十分必要.在结/直肠癌发病机制的探索过程中,研究者发现:一些分子的变化影响着疾病进程,对病情起指示作用,有可能成为治疗靶点.围绕这些分子设计药物,制定治疗方案,有望提高疗效,改善病人生存质量,降低不良反应的发生.本文就结/直肠癌的部分潜在治疗靶点:EGFR,VEGF,HADC,COX-2,PPARγ及galectin-3做一综述.     

线粒体分裂蛋白抑制剂在大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤中的作用及其机制

目的:观察线粒体分裂蛋白抑制剂在大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤中的作用,并初步探讨其在线粒体凋亡途径中的作用机制.方法:雄性Wistar大鼠48只,体重250～300 g,随机分为三组(n=16):假手术组(Sham组)、脑缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和mdivi-1预处理组(mdivi-1组),线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)模型,缺血2小时,再灌注24小时后应用流式细胞术检测神经元凋亡;Western blot法检测Cyt C蛋白的表达;RT-PCR法检测Cyt C mRNA的表达.结果:与Sham组比较,I/R组神经细胞凋亡率与CytC蛋白以及mRNA表达水平显著升高(P＜0.01).应用mdivi-1预处理后细胞凋亡率与CytC蛋白以及mRNA表达水平明显降低(P＜0.01).结论:线粒体分裂蛋白抑制剂可以明显减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤,其作用机制可能通过阻断线粒体-细胞色素C途径来抑制细胞凋亡.     

PNPLA3基因rs738409多态性与代谢综合症在中国人群中的研究

目的:研究中国人群中PNPLA3基因rs738409位点多态性与代谢综合征之间的相关性.方法:收集了381例二型糖尿病患者和380例正常人的血液样本,使用全血提取试剂盒从781份样本中提取全基因组DNA,并利用飞行质谱技术进行目标位点的SNP分型,将分型结果与各临床指标进行统计学分析.结果:①经SNP分型结果与二型糖尿病病例-对照的关联性分析,rs738409位点多态性与二型糖尿病无显著相关性(P=0.74).②经SNP分型结果与其他临床指标的统计分析,rs738409位点多态性与高密度脂蛋白水平(P=0.029),甘油三酯水平(P=0.021),总胆固醇水平(P=0.038)及谷丙转氨酶水平(P=0.004)显著相关.结论:rs738409位点多态性与二型糖尿病的发病无显著相关性,但它通过氨基酸替换影响了与其关系紧密的基因表达,进而影响机体内各因素代谢水平的改变.     

LC-MS/MS定量测定人体血浆中氨氯地平浓度

目的:建立定量测定人体血浆中氨氯地平浓度的HPLC-MS/MS的方法.方法:以克林霉素为内标,采用Shim-pack VP-ODS柱(150× 2.0 mm I.D.,5μm,日本Shimadzu Technologies Inc.公司)为固定相;乙腈-10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(90∶10,v/v)为流动相,流速为0.4 mL/min;通过电喷雾离子源(ESI),以正离子多反应监测模式进行检测.氨氯地平与内标用于检测的离子对分别为m/z409.3 m/z 238.2和rn/z 425.2 m/z 126.3.结果:氨氯地平在0.10～20.00 ng/mL范围内与峰面积比值线性范围良好(r=0.9968),定量下限为0.10 ng/mL,日内日间精密度的RSD均小于7％,平均回收率大于86％.结论:所建方法准确度较高,灵敏度好,专属性强且操作简便,可适用于氨氯地平的血药浓度测定和临床药代动力学研究.     

解偶联蛋白-866G/A基因多态性与肥胖关联性的Meta分析

目的:近年来,关于UCP2-866G/A基因多态性与肥胖关系的研究较多,但各研究的结果不尽一致.本文拟采用Meta分析的方法,对已公开发表的有关UCP2-866G/A基因多态性与肥胖的研究进行系统综合定量分析,以期科学的评价UCP2-866G/A基因多态性与肥胖的关系.方法:本研究运用计算机检索万方全文数据库、中国知网、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed等数据库收集关于UCP2-866G/A基因多态性与肥胖相关的公开发表的文献,选择OR值及其95％CI作为Meta分析指标.利用Stata10.0软件对各研究结果进行异质性检验和效应值合并计算.结果:根据统一的纳入和剔除标准,纳入14篇文献,共有肥胖者5195例,对照组9735人.在总人群中,UCP2-866G/A位点A/G的OR=0.931 (95％CI:0.884-0.980),AA+GA/GG的OR=0.924 (95％CI:0.859-0.994),AA/GG的OR=0.886 (95％CI:0.797-0.985),GA/GG的OR=0.925 (95％CI:0.856-0.999),有统计学意义.在欧洲人群中,UCP2-866G/A位点A/G的OR=0.912 (95％CI:0.857-0.970),AA+GA/GG的OR=0.882 (95％CI:0.808-0.962),AA/GG的OR=0.846 (95％CI:0.743-0.963),GA/GG的OR=0.893(95％CI:0.814-0.980),有统计学意义.但在亚洲人群中均无统计学意义.结论:我们认为-866G/A基因多态性与欧洲人群的肥胖有关,与亚洲人群的肥胖无关.     

MEK/ERK信号通路与脑缺血再灌注损伤

在脑缺血病灶中,中心区神经元坏死为主,周围以缺血半暗带凋亡为主,抑制半暗带细胞的凋亡,可以减少细胞的死亡和脑梗死的面积,因此改善半暗带是治疗脑卒中的关键环节.目前发现MAPK分布于整个中枢神经系统中,MEK/ERK信号通路参与细胞生长、发育、细胞抗凋亡等过程,在脑缺血再灌注损伤过程中有MEK/ERK信号通路的参与,MEK/ERK通路通过影响Bcl-2家族成员的活化和表达调控内源性凋亡途径,ERK通过对细胞周期的调控,抑制胶质细胞大量活化和过度增殖,减少了有害因子并改善局部微循环,从而减少神经元的凋亡.可能为脑血管的防治开辟一条新的途径.本文就MEK/ERK信号通路的结构特点与脑缺血再灌注损伤相关作用机制作一综述.     

Role of SKP1-CUL1-F-Box-Protein (SCF) E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Skin Cancer

Many biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death depend precisely on the timely synthesis anddegradation of key regulatory proteins. While protein synthesis can be regulated at multiple levels, protein degradation is mainlycontrolled by the ubiquitineproteasome system (UPS), which consists of two distinct steps: (1) ubiquitylation of targeted protein by E1ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and E3 ubiquitin ligase, and (2) subsequent degradation by the 26Sproteasome. Among all E3 ubiquitin ligases, the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ligases are the largest family and are responsiblefor the turnover of many key regulatory proteins. Aberrant regulation of SCF E3 ligases is associated with various human diseases, such ascancers, including skin cancer. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of all currently published data to define a promotingrole of SCF E3 ligases in the development of skin cancer. The future directions in this area of research are also discussed with an ultimategoal to develop small molecule inhibitors of SCF E3 ligases as a novel approach for the treatment of human skin cancer. Furthermore,altered components or substrates of SCF E3 ligases may also be developed as the biomarkers for early diagnosis or predicting prognosis.     

成骨细胞培养微环境对结肠癌细胞的STAT3转录表达及细胞增殖的影响

目的:探讨恶性肿瘤骨转移过程中成骨细胞微环境(OBM)对结肠癌细胞信号传导与转录激活因子3(STAT3)的mRNA表达及细胞增殖的作用。方法:取成骨细胞培养液与DMEM血清培养基按照1:1比例混合,培养SW480细胞。实验分对照组及实验组(添加成骨细胞培养液)。STAT3的mRNA水平的检测采用RealtimePCR方法,结肠癌细胞SW480的增殖能力改变采用CCK-8法。结果:取成骨细胞培养液作用于SW480细胞后,与对照组相比,在1d,2d,3d三个时间点,实验组STAT3 mRNA水平均升高,其增强水平约为12.1%,21.8%,23.9%;与此相似的是,CCK-8检测实验组细胞增殖能力在三个时间点分别升高约5.6%,23.9%,18.8%。结论:OBM可上调SW480细胞中STAT3的转录表达并促进细胞增殖。