Nrf2激动剂CDDO-Im对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肝脏脂肪变性的影响

摘要 目的：探究Nrf2激动剂CDDO-Im对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肝脏脂肪变性的作用。方法：33只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为两组：一组16只饲喂普通饲料,另一组17只饲喂高脂饲料建立肥胖模型。造模成功后将小鼠随机分成四组：普通饲料溶剂对照组（Control ND组）、普通饲料Nrf2激动剂组（Nrf2(+) ND组）、高脂饲料溶剂对照组（Control HFD组）和高脂饲料Nrf2激动剂组（Nrf2(+) HFD组）。分别给予Nrf2激动剂CDDO-Im和等体积溶剂灌胃干预6周后,检测各组小鼠血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（T-CHO）和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）。苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察肝脏组织形态学变化。RT-qPCR检测肝脏Nrf2下游抗氧化基因Nqo1、Ho1和Gclc的mRNA表达水平,Western Blot检测肝脏NQO1、HO-1和GCLC的蛋白表达水平。结果：与正常小鼠相比,肥胖小鼠的体重、TG和LDL-C升高（P＜0.05）,肝脏脂肪变性增加,GCLC的蛋白表达水平降低（P＜0.05）。在肥胖小鼠中,与溶剂对照组相比,Nrf2激动剂组小鼠的体重、血清TG降低（P＜0.05）,肝脏脂肪变性减轻,Nqo1和Gclc的mRNA表达水平升高（P＜0.05）,NQO1和GCLC的蛋白表达水平升高（P＜0.05）。结论：Nrf2激动剂CDDO-Im可改善高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肝脏脂肪变性,可能与Nrf2激动剂CDDO-Im激活抗氧化基因的表达来减轻肝细胞氧化应激有关。     

银杏内酯注射液联合胞磷胆碱钠片对脑梗死恢复期患者脑血流动力学、氧化应激和血清MCP-1、Lp-PLA2的影响

摘要 目的：研究银杏内酯注射液联合胞磷胆碱钠片对脑梗死恢复期患者脑血流动力学、氧化应激和血清单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2（Lp-PLA2）的影响。方法：按照随机数字表法,将安徽中医药大学第一附属医院146例脑梗死恢复期患者分为对照组（n=73,采用常规治疗和胞磷胆碱钠片治疗）和研究组（n=73,对照组基础上结合银杏内酯注射液）。对比两组临床疗效、Barthel指数（BI）评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、脑血流动力学指标、血清氧化应激指标、MCP-1、Lp-PLA2和用药安全性。结果：与对照组的82.19%临床总有效率对比,研究组的97.26%更高（P<0.05）。治疗后,研究组BI评分、平均血流速度（Vm）、血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）较对照组更高,NIHSS评分、搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（RI）、血清活性氧（ROS）、血清MCP-1、Lp-PLA2较对照组更低（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比未见差异（P>0.05）。结论：银杏内酯注射液联合胞磷胆碱钠片可减轻脑梗死恢复期患者的神经功能损伤,改善患者的脑血流动力学,减轻氧化应激,调节血清MCP-1、Lp-PLA2水平,且用药安全性良好。     

Lanthanum relieves salinity-induced oxidative stress in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saussurea involucrata</Emphasis>

Changes in growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics under salt stress with or without La³⁺ treatment in Saussurea involucrata Kar. et Kir. were investigated. The results showed that La³⁺ relieved the plant growth inhibition, improved the leaf water potential and water content, increased the soluble protein and the proline contents and decreased malondialdehyde content under salt stress. Further, addition of La³⁺ significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase, decreased the photosynthetic pigment decomposition and increased the ratio of total chlorophyll to carotenoids under salt stress.     

Amelioration of cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration by catechin hydrate in rat model of streptozotocin-induced experimental dementia of Alzheimer’s type

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting in cognitive decline and enhancement of oxidative loads in the brain. Flavonoids have been considered to exert human health benefits by anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study is aimed to elucidate the neuroprotective effect of catechin hydrate (CH), a natural flavanoid with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) induced neuronal loss and memory impairment. To test this hypothesis, male Wistar rats were pretreated with CH (10 and 20 mg/kg bwt) orally once daily for 21 days and then bilaterally injected with ICV-STZ (3 mg/kg bwt), while sham group rats receive the same volume of vehicle. After 2 weeks of ICV-STZ infusion, rats were tested for cognitive performance using Morris water maze (MWM) test and then sacrifice for biochemical and histopathological assays. CH was found to be successful in upregulating the antioxidant status and prevented the memory loss. The expression of choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) was decreased in ICV-STZ group and CH pretreatment increases the expression of ChAT. Moreover, inflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-1β levels and expression of iNOS were significantly attenuated by CH pretreatment. The study suggests that CH is effective in preventing memory loss, ameliorating the oxidative stress and might be beneficial for the treatment of sporadic dementia of Alzheimer’s type (SDAT).     

Impact of tannic acid on blood pressure,oxidative stress and urinary parameters in L-NNA-induced hypertensive rats

Hypertension is a major health problem with increasing prevalence around the world. Tannic acid is water-soluble polyphenol that is present in tea, green tea, coffee, red wine, nuts, fruits and many plant foods. It has been reported to serve as an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant depending on the type of cells and its concentration. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of tannic acid on systolic blood pressure, oxidative stress and some urinary parameters in the rat model of essential hypertension. Blood pressures of all rats were measured using the tail-cuff method. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N (omega)-nitro-L-arginine was administered orally at a dose of 0.5 g/l/day for 15 days to rats in order to create an animal model of hypertension. Tannic acid was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 15 days. Superoxide dismutase, catalase activity and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in blood plasma and homogenates of heart, liver and kidney. In order to evaluate renal functions, urine pH, urine volume, urine creatine, uric acid, and urea nitrogen values were measured. Compared with the hypertension group, a decrease in MDA concentrations of heart tissue (p < 0.01), urea nitrogen values (p < 0.01) and urine volumes (p < 0.001) were established in hypertension + tannic acid group. There was also a decrease in blood pressure values (20th and 30th days) of this group, but there was no a statistical difference according to hypertension group. The findings of our research show the effect of tannic acid in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive rats.     

Exogenous Glycine Betaine Reduces Drought Damage by Mediating Osmotic Adjustment and Enhancing Antioxidant Defense in <i>Phoebe hunanensis</i>

Drought stress negatively impacts growth and physiological processes in plants. The foliar application of glycine betaine (GB) is an effective and low-cost approach to improve the drought tolerance of trees. This study examined the effect of exogenously applied GB on the cell membrane permeability, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant enzyme activities of Phoebe hunanensis Hand.-Mazz under drought stress. Two levels (0 and 800 mL) of water irrigation were tested under different applied GB concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM). Drought stress decreased the relative water content by 58.5% while increased the electric conductivity, malondialdehyde, proline, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase) by up to 62.9%, 42.4%, 87.0%, 19.1%, 60.5%, 68.3%, 71.7%, and 83.8%, respectively, on the 25^th day. The foliar application of GB, especially at 100 mM, increased the relative water content of P. hunanensis leaves under drought stress. The concentration of GB from 50 to 100 mM effectively alleviated the improvement of cell membrane permeability and inhibited the accumulation of membrane lipid peroxidation products. Under drought stress, the concentrations of proline, soluble proteins, and soluble sugars in the leaves of P. hunanensis increased as the applied GB concentration was increased and the water stress time was prolonged. Exogenously applied GB decreased oxidative stress and improved antioxidant enzyme activities as compared with treatments without GB application. Furthermore, the physiological and biochemical indexes of P. hunanensis showed a certain dose effect on exogenous GB concentration. These results suggest that GB helps maintain the drought tolerance of P. hunanensis.     

The Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space Oxireductase Mia40 Funnels the Oxidative Folding Pathway of the Cytochrome c Oxidase Assembly Protein Cox19

Mia40-catalyzed disulfide formation drives the import of many proteins into the mitochondria. Here we characterize the oxidative folding of Cox19, a twin CX₉C Mia40 substrate. Cox19 oxidation is extremely slow, explaining the persistence of import-competent reduced species in the cytosol. Mia40 accelerates Cox19 folding through the specific recognition of the third Cys in the second helical CX₉C motif and the subsequent oxidation of the inner disulfide bond. This renders a native-like intermediate that oxidizes in a slow uncatalyzed reaction into native Cox19. The same intermediate dominates the pathway in the absence of Mia40, and chemical induction of an α-helical structure by trifluoroethanol suffices to accelerate productive folding and mimic the Mia40 folding template mechanism. The Mia40 role is to funnel a rough folding landscape, skipping the accumulation of kinetic traps, providing a rationale for the promiscuity of Mia40.     

The NADPH thioredoxin reductase C functions as an electron donor to 2-Cys peroxiredoxin in a thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1

An NADPH thioredoxin reductase C was co-purified with a 2-Cys peroxiredoxin by the combination of anion exchange chromatography and electroelution from gel slices after native PAGE from a thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus as an NAD(P)H oxidase complex induced by oxidative stress. The result provided a strong evidence that the NADPH thioredoxin reductase C interacts with the 2-Cys peroxiredoxin in vivo. An in vitro reconstitution assay with purified recombinant proteins revealed that both proteins were essential for an NADPH-dependent reduction of H₂O₂. These results suggest that the reductase transfers the reducing power from NADPH to the peroxiredoxin, which reduces peroxides in the cyanobacterium under oxidative stress. In contrast with other NADPH thioredoxin reductases, the NADPH thioredoxin reductase C contains a thioredoxin-like domain in addition to an NADPH thioredoxin reductase domain in the same polypeptide. Each domain contains a conserved CXYC motif. A point mutation at the CXYC motif in the NADPH thioredoxin reductase domain resulted in loss of the NADPH oxidation activity, while a mutation at the CXYC motif in the thioredoxin-like domain did not affect the electron transfer, indicating that this motif is not essential in the electron transport from NADPH to the 2-Cys peroxiredoxin.