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211.
212.
Hanne N. Rasmussen Bjarke Veierskov Jens Hansen-Møller Rikke Nørbæk Ulrik Bräuner Nielsen 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2009,28(2):154-166
Conifer trees are routinely manipulated hormonally to increase flowering, branching, or adjust crown shape for production
purposes. This survey of internal cytokinin levels provides a background for such treatments in Abies nordmanniana, a tree of great economic interest. Reference points in the crown and root system were sampled destructively in 4- and 6-year-old
trees and analyzed for a range of cytokinins by LC-MS/MS. No seasonal patterns were detected in the root samples, and a major
portion of cytokinin was in conjugated forms. Dramatic and consistent seasonal changes occurred in the crown, at levels 17–65 times
higher than in the root. Predominant among crown cytokinins was ZR, except in the needles where IPR was also prominent. Within
the crown, cytokinin profiles in different organs differed consistently. The leader bud showed a pronounced mid-June minimum,
and a maximum later in summer. Subapical buds showed the same June minimum but peaked in mid autumn at a much lower level.
Maxima in these buds were preceded by peaks in the subapical stem. Parallel patterns were observed in homologous tissues on
branches.This pattern is consistent with two surges beginning in the uppermost stem tissues leading to subsequent accumulation
or stimulated production within the buds. Strong differential hormonal profiles between adjacent buds with different fates
agree with recent evidence of localized cytokinin production. The data suggest a reduced role of root-derived cytokinins in
crown development. Practical cytokinin treatments for crown-shape regulation require close attention to dosage as well as
precise timing and positioning. 相似文献
213.
Effects of hypomagnetic field on noradrenergic activities in the brainstem of golden hamster 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Previous studies found that elimination of the geomagnetic field (GMF) interferes with the normal brain functions, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study examined the effects of long-term exposures to a near-zero magnetic environment on the noradrenergic activities in the brainstem of golden hamsters. Both the content of norepinephrine (NE) and the density of NE-immunopositive neurons in the tissue decreased significantly after the treatment, and the effects could be progressive with time. These variations may substantially contribute to behavioral and mood disorders reported in other studies when animals are shielded from the GMF. 相似文献
214.
Ingebrandt S Han Y Nakamura F Poghossian A Schöning MJ Offenhäusser A 《Biosensors & bioelectronics》2007,22(12):2834-2840
We present a label-free method for the detection of DNA hybridization, which is monitored by non-metallized silicon field-effect transistors (FET) in a microarray approach. The described method enables a fast and fully electronic readout of ex situ binding assays. The label-free detection utilizing the field-effect is based on the intrinsic charge of the DNA molecules and/or on changes of the solid–liquid interface impedance, when biomolecules bind to the sensor surface. With our sensor system, usually a time-resolved, dc readout is used. In general, this FET signal suffers from sensor drift, temperature drift, changes in electrolyte composition or pH value, influence of the reference electrode, etc. In this article, we present a differential ac readout concept for FET microarrays, which enables a stable operation of the sensor against many of these side-parameters, reliable readout and a possibility for a quick screening of large sensor arrays. We present the detection of point mutations in short DNA samples with this method in an ex situ binding assay. 相似文献
215.
鹤山退化草坡生态系统的自然恢复 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了鹤山南亚热带退化草坡20a的自然恢复动态,发现群落虽有阳生乔木入侵,但仍处于草本和灌丛占优势的生物多样性较低的阶段;土壤中的有机质、水解氮、有效磷和有效钾等营养元素已基本恢复到同地带顶级森林群落的水平;虽然群落的空间结构与生物多样性尚未恢复,但其部分生态功能已经恢复,其中水土保持最先恢复,生产力等功能还需要较长的时间恢复;对于鹤山草坡这类一般退化生态系统来说,可能需要通过构建合适的人工林来加速生物多样性和生物量等指标的恢复过程,仅仅通过自然恢复是难以在较短的时间内迅速恢复其物质循环等功能的。 相似文献
216.
217.
Structure, stability, and chaperone function of alphaA-crystallin: role of N-terminal region 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Small heat shock protein alphaA-crystallin, the major protein of the eye lens, is a molecular chaperone. It consists of a highly conserved central domain flanked by the N-terminal and C-terminal regions. In this article we studied the role of the N-terminal domain in the structure and chaperone function of alphaA-crystallin. Using site directed truncation we raised several deletion mutants of alphaA-crystallin and their protein products were expressed in Escherichia coli. Size exclusion chromatography of these purified proteins showed that deletion from the N-terminal beyond the first 20 residues drastically reduced the oligomeric association of alphaA-crystallin and its complete removal resulted in a tetramer. Chaperone activity of alphaA-crystallin, determined by thermal and nonthermal aggregation and refolding assay, decreased with increasing length of deletion and little activity was observed for the tetramer. However it was revealed that N-terminal regions were not responsible for specific recognition of natural substrates and that low affinity substrate binding sites existed in other part of the molecule. The number of exposed hydrophobic sites and the affinity of binding hydrophobic probe bis-ANS as well as protein substrates decreased with N-terminal deletion. The stability of the mutant proteins decreased with increase in the length of deletion. The role of thermodynamic stability, oligomeric size, and surface hydrophobicity in chaperone function is discussed. Detailed analysis showed that the most important role of N-terminal region is to control the oligomerization, which is crucial for the stability and in vivo survival of this protein molecule. 相似文献
218.
KEVIN E. DOHERTY DAVID E. NAUGLE BRETT L. WALKER 《The Journal of wildlife management》2010,74(7):1544-1553
Abstract: Considering habitat selection at multiple scales is essential to fully understand habitat requirements and management needs for wildlife species of concern. We used a hierarchical information-theoretic approach and variance decomposition techniques to analyze habitat selection using local-scale habitat variables measured in the field and landscape-scale variables derived with a Geographic Information System (GIS) for nesting greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the Powder River Basin (PRB), Montana and Wyoming, USA, 2003–2007. We investigated relationships between habitat features that can and cannot be mapped in a GIS to provide insights into interpretation of landscape-scale—only GIS models. We produced models of habitat selection at both local and landscape scales and across scales, yet multiscale models had overwhelming statistical and biological support. Variance decomposition showed that local-scale measures explained the most pure variation (50%) in sage-grouse nesting-habitat selection. Landscape-scale features explained 20% of pure variation and shared 30% with local-scale features. Both local- and landscape-scale habitat features are important in sage-grouse nesting-habitat selection because each scale explained both pure and shared variation. Our landscape-scale model was accurate in predicting priority landscapes where sage-grouse nests would occur and is, therefore, useful in providing landscape context for management decisions. It accurately predicted locations of independent sage-grouse nests (validation R2 = 0.99) and showed good discriminatory ability with >90% of nests located within only 40% of the study area. Our landscape-scale model also accurately predicted independent lek locations. We estimated twice the amount of predicted nesting habitat within 3 km of leks compared to random locations in the PRB. Likewise we estimated 1.8 times more predicted nesting habitat within 10 km of leks compared to random locations. These results support predictions of the hotspot theory of lek placement. Local-scale habitat variables that cannot currently be mapped in a GIS strongly influence sage-grouse nest-site selection, but only within priority nesting habitats defined at the landscape scale. Our results indicate that habitat treatments for nesting sage-grouse applied in areas with an unsuitable landscape context are unlikely to achieve desired conservation results. 相似文献
219.
Abstract. Question: What are the grazing effects in the spatial organization and the internal structure of high and low cover patches from a two‐phase vegetation mosaic? Location: Patagonian steppe, Argentina. Methods: We mapped vegetation under three different grazing conditions: ungrazed, lightly grazed and heavily grazed. We analysed the spatial patterns of the dominant life forms. Also, in each patch type, we determined density, species composition, richness, diversity, size structure and dead biomass of grasses under different grazing conditions. Results: The vegetation was spatially organized in a two‐phase mosaic. High cover patches resulted from the association of grasses and shrubs and low cover patches were represented by scattered tussock grasses on bare ground. This spatial organization was not affected by grazing, but heavy grazing changed the grass species involved in high cover patches and reduced the density and cover of grasses in both patch types. Species richness and diversity in high cover patches decreased under grazing conditions, whereas in low cover patches it remained unchanged. Also, the decrease of palatable grasses was steeper in high cover patches than in low cover patches under grazing conditions. Conclusions: We suggest that although grazing promotes or inhibits particular species, it does not modify the mosaic structure of Patagonian steppe. The fact that the mosaic remained unchanged after 100 years of grazing suggests that grazing does not compromize population processes involved in maintaining patch structure, including seed dispersal, establishment or biotic interactions among life forms. 相似文献
220.
Zamyatnin AA 《Biochemistry. Biokhimii?a》2004,69(11):1276-1282
Some problems are considered which arise in biochemical studies on structure and function of natural oligopeptides consisting of 2–50 amino acid residues. The problems under consideration include the generation of oligopeptides from precursors, chemical structure, the role of functionally important radicals and spatial configuration, and structure-function relationships. Different types of regulation are shown mainly for oligopeptides involved in muscle contraction.Translated from Biokhimiya, Vol. 69, No. 11, 2004, pp. 1565–1573.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Zamyatnin. 相似文献