CRF在谷氨酸兴奋中央杏仁核引起的升压反应中之作用

促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（ＣＲＦ）能神经元的胞体和轴突末梢广泛分布在中央杏仁核（ＡＣ）及其投射的重要升压区。本工作显示：（１）谷氨酸兴奋ＡＣ或将ＣＲＦ分别注入ＡＣ投射区：室旁核（ＮＰＶ）、外侧下丘脑／穹窿周围区（ＬＨ／ＰＦ）、蓝斑（ＬＣ）、臂旁核（ＮＰＢ）、中脑导水管周围灰质（ＰＡＧ）或延髓头端腹外侧区（ＲＶＬ）均引起升压反应;（２）ＡＣ的上述投射区内预先分别注入α－ＨｅｌｉｃａｌＣＲＦ［９－４１］（ＣＲＦ拮抗剂）均能阻断谷氨酸兴奋ＡＣ引起的升压反应。以上结果结合以往报道：ＬＨ／ＰＦ也有纤维投射至ＬＣ、ＮＰＢ和ＰＡＧ,后三者均可通过ＲＶＬ引起升压反应,表明ＡＣ发出的ＣＲＦ能投射纤维一方面可兴奋ＮＰＶ,另一方面则可间接（通过ＬＨ／ＰＦ）或直接作用于ＬＣ、ＮＰＢ和ＰＡＧ,进而激活ＲＶＬ－交感兴奋神经元,也可能直接兴奋ＲＶＬ而引起升压反应     

性别差异对大鼠中央杏仁核多巴胺释放的影响

用快速周期伏安法,测定了电刺激对不同性别大鼠的多巴胺（ＤＡ）能细胞体区－腹侧背盖区（ＶＴＡ）诱发的中央杏仁核（ＣｅＡ）ＤＡ释放的影响,并初步分析了释放量与性别之间的关系。结果表明：雌、雄和去卵巢（ＯＶＸ）雌鼠ＣｅＡ的ＤＡ释放量取决于电刺激的参数,且释放动力学慢于我们以前在纹状体观察到的结果。相同刺激参数诱发的雌鼠ＤＡ释放量明显高于雄鼠和ＯＶＸ雌鼠,表明电刺激ＶＴＡ诱发的ＣｅＡ的ＤＡ释放不仅取决于刺激参数,而且与性别有关     

树■排尿的昼夜节律及其在视交叉上核损毁后的变化

为探讨树视交叉上核是否参与泌尿昼夜节律的调控,对正常树及视交叉上核损毁后的树排尿的昼夜时间规律进行了观测分析。结果表明,正常树排尿呈现明显的昼夜节律———白天尿量为全天尿量的（８８５２±１５４０）％;视交叉上核损毁后,树排尿的昼夜节律明显改变———白天尿量仅为全天尿量的（６２８６±１８１８）％,同时树的尿量（特别是夜间的尿量）明显憎多。以上结果说明视交叉上核在树体内也参与了泌尿昼夜节律的调节。     

P物质尾核微量注射抑制小鼠胃肌电活动和胃运动

本文观察了小鼠尾核微量注射Ｐ物质或乙酰胆碱对胃肌电和胃运动的ｍ影响;并初步探讨了两者作用的关系。用双极康铜导线引导胃窦部肌电;用水囊连接压力换能器记录胃窦部运动。上述信息经生物电放大器和载波放大器放大后,由四道记录仪描记曲线,同时输入微机进行采集、贮存和处理。计算出注药前后每分钟胃肌电快波、慢波和胃运动波的频率和总幅度的变化百分数。结果如下：尾核注射ＳＰ或ＡＣｈ胃电快波和胃运动呈明显的抑制效应。用     

纳洛酮和阿托品翻转电针抑制关节炎大鼠束旁核神经元伤害性反应的作用

用急性佐剂性关节炎大鼠作为病理性疼痛的实验模型,以丘脑束旁核中对伤害性刺激发生兴奋反应的单位放电作为指标,观察电针的影响,并分析其机制。实验发现电针能明显抑制伤害性反应;脑室注射阿片受体阻断剂纳洛酮（４μｇ／１０μｌ）或Ｍ受体阻断剂阿托品（５μｇ／１０μｌ）均能翻转电针的这种抑制作用。实验还发现脑室注射纳洛酮或阿托品对关节炎大鼠束旁核神经元自发放电有增频作用。实验结果提示：电针对关节炎大鼠丘脑束旁核神经元伤害性反应的抑制,可能是通过脑内阿片系统和胆碱能系统而发挥作用的;这两个系统对关节炎大鼠丘脑束旁核神经元自发放电可能有紧张性抑制作用。     

Nuclear architecture supports integration of physiological regulatory signals for transcription of cell growth and tissue-specific genes during osteoblast differentiation

Metastatic model of human tumor xenografts have been developed using orthotopic transplantation of histologically intact tissue (onplantation) of lung, stomach, colon, pancreatic, prostate and bladder carcinomas. These models represent the entire process of the metastasis, consisting of local tumor growth, vascular and lymphatic invasion at the local site, flow in the vessels and lymphatic, extravasation at the metastatic organs, and seeding and growth at relevant metastatic sites. Orthotopically transplanted human small-cell lung carcinoma displayed a different chemosensitivity pattern compared with the subcutaneous transplanted model, suggesting different pharmacodynamics between the orthotopic lung and the ectopic subcutaneous sites. The intact-tissue orthotopic-onplantation model seems to be useful to study the mechanism of metastasis for discovery of antimetastatic agents and for the patient tumors and for this treatment design.     

Oncogene overexpression and de novo drug-resistance in human prostate cancer cells

We have isolated a variant [PC3(R)] of the human prostate PC3 tumor cell line which showed resistance to several anticancer drugs. Studies to evaluate the mechanisms of resistance to anticancer drugs in the PC3(R) cell line indicated that mdrl was not overexpressed. Studies also indicated that activities of topo I and topo II were not different in these cell lines, nor was there any difference in the formation of drug-induced KCl-SDS precipitable complexes, including that topoisomerases were not involved in the development of resistance in PC3(R) cells. While the activity of glutathione S-transferase and total glutathione levels were also similar in these cell lines, the glutathione peroxidase activity in PC3(R) cells was 5-fold lower than in PC3 cells. ] Furthermore, proto-oncogene expression for c-myc, and H-ras was significantly higher in resistant cell than in sensitive cells, indicating that the amplication of early response genes may play a role in the emergence of de novo resistance in PC3(R) cells.     

Complete suprachiasmatic lesions eliminate circadian rhythmicity of body temperature and locomotor activity in golden hamsters

The effects of suprachiasmatic and control lesions on the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and body temperature were studied in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) maintained in constant light as well as constant darkness. Large suprachiasmatic lesions, but not control lesions, eliminated circadian rhythmicity in locomotor activity as well as in body temperature. Analysis of the robustness of the rhythms of locomotor activity and body temperature in unlesioned and lesioned animals suggests that, because body temperature rhythmicity is more robust than locomotor rhythmicity, lesions that spare a small number of suprachiasmatic cells might abolish the latter but not the former. Our results do not support the hypothesis that the body temperature rhythm is controlled by a circadian pacemaker distinct from the main pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei.     

Axotomy of developing rat spinal motoneurons: Cell survival,soma size,muscle recovery,and the influence of testosterone

During the period of synapse elimination, motoneurons are impaired in their ability to generate or regenerate axonal branches: following partial denervation of their target muscle, young motoneurons do not sprout to nearby denervated fibers and after axonal injury, they fail to reinnervate the muscle. In the rat levator ani (LA) muscle, which is innervated by motoneurons in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB), synapse elemination ends relatively late in development and can be regulated by testosterone. We took advantage of this system to determine if the end of synapse elimination and the development of regenerative capabilities by motoneurons share a common mechanism, or, alternatively, if these two events can be dissociated in time. Axotomy on or before postnatal day 14 (P14) caused the death of SNB motoneurons. By P21, toward the end of synapse elimination in the LA muscle, SNB motoneurons had developed the ability to survive axonal injury. Altering testosterone levels by castration on P7 followed by 4 weeks of either testosterone propionate or control injections did not change the ability of SNB motoneurons to survive axonal injury during development, although these same treatments alter the time course of synapse elimination in the LA muscle. Thus, we dissociated the inability of SNB motoneurons to recover from axonal injury from their developmental elimination of synaptic terminals. We also measured the effect of early axotomy on motoneuronal soma size and on target muscle weight. Axotomy on P14 caused a long-lasting decrease in the soma size of surviving SNB motoneurons, whereas motoneurons axotomized on P28 recovered their normal soma size. Axotomy on or before P7 caused severe atrophy of the target muscles, matching the extensive loss of motoneurons. However, target muscle recovery after axotomy on P14 was as good as recovery after axotomy at later ages, despite greater motoneuronal death after axotomy on P14. This result may reflect an increase in motor unit size, a decrease in polyneuronal innervation by SNB motoneurons that survive axotomy on P14, or a combination of the two. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Chronic Food Deprivation Decreases Extracellular Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens: Implications for a Possible Neurochemical Link Between Weight Loss and Drug Abuse

In rats reduced to 80% of normal body weight (n=9), the basal levels of extracellular dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAC), as determined by microdialysis, decreased significantly to 33 % (mean ± SEM) of their normal baseline (p<.01). Basal extracellullar DA did not change significantly over a matching 3-week period in controls (n=7). No changes were observed in NAC serotonin after weight reduction. These results indicate that parts of the mesolimbic DA system are depressed in underweight rats. The observed decrease in basal DA may be responsible for a variety of behavioral changes observed in undernourished humans and animals including the tendency to eat and gain weight when food becomes available. Given that DA can be released in the NAC when rats self-inject drugs of abuse, the present findings may help explain why animals increase drug intake when they are underweight.