利用同源重组构建蓝藻集胞藻6803ndhO基因突变株及其分子鉴定

蓝藻NADPH脱氢酶(NDH-1)是一种重要的光合膜蛋白复合体,参与CO2吸收、围绕光系统I的循环电子传递和细胞呼吸。迄今为止,人们在蓝藻细胞中已鉴定出15种NDH-1复合体亚基(NdhA-NdhO)。然而,人们对NdhO亚基的研究尚不够,至今未见有反向遗传学等方面的研究。在通过构建同源重组载体、自然转化和多次继代筛选后,对转化子进行了PCR和蛋白免疫印迹鉴定。结果表明,卡那霉素基因已成功地插入到ndhO基因的保守区域,并完全破坏了ndhO基因的蛋白表达,从而获得了ndhO基因缺失的突变株,为进一步研究NdhO亚基对NDH-1复合体的稳定性和生理功能等奠定了实验基础。     

理性设计盐桥构建伯克霍尔德菌脂肪酶热稳定突变体

【目的】借助蛋白质工程技术提高伯克霍尔德菌ZYB002脂肪酶LipA的热稳定性,以期更好地将其应用于工业生产中。【方法】利用YASARA、Fold X、Rosetta、Gromacs等生物信息学软件,构建1个脂肪酶Lip A的热稳定性提高的微型突变体电子文库;通过对突变体的结构信息和自由能变化进行评估,筛选出潜在的有价值的突变体。继而利用基因定点突变技术,构建上述候选突变体的突变基因文库,通过实验筛选出热稳定性提高的脂肪酶LipA突变体。【结果】利用上述方法,从构建的20个脂肪酶LipA突变体中,筛选到热稳定性有显著提高的3个突变体LipA-Asn~(125)Asp、LipA-Asn~(125)Glu和LipA-Gln~(262)Glu。经55°C处理12 min后,上述3个突变体的T1250值较野生型分别提高4.0°C、5.5°C和4.4°C;在55°C下的半衰期较野生型分别提高了2.2倍、3.8倍和2.6倍。【结论】利用生物信息学软件,构建脂肪酶LipA突变体电子文库,结合蛋白质的结构信息,可以快速筛选到热稳定性提高的脂肪酶LipA突变体。     

贝类派琴虫和折光马尔太虫二重荧光定量PCR方法的建立

根据基因库中派琴虫和折光马尔太虫基因序列,设计了两对特异性引物和两条用不同荧光基团标记的TaqMan探针。对反应条件和试剂浓度进行优化,建立了能够同时检测派琴虫和折光马尔太虫的二重荧光定量PCR方法。该方法对派琴虫和折光马尔太虫的检测敏感性达到40个模板拷贝数;对派琴虫和折光马尔太虫不同浓度模板进行组合,该方法仍可有效地同时检测出这二种原虫。研究建立的派琴虫和折光马尔太虫荧光定量PCR具有特异、敏感、快速、定量和重复性好等优点,可用于临床上派琴虫和折光马尔太虫感染的检测。       

青霉菌胞外半纤维素酶的固定化研究

青霉菌m8胸外半纤维素酶经过离子交换和分子筛层析两步纯化,纯化的酶固定在戊二醛交联的壳聚精上,残活力为45．6％。固定化酶的最适pH为3．6,最适温度为65℃,且固文化酶在65～75℃活力都较高。该酶的耐热性比较强,固定化酶热稳定性优于原酶;以半纤维素为底物,固定化酶的表观米氏常数为3．58×10－2g／L。     

Effect of population size on the estimation of QTL: a test using resistance to barley stripe rust

The limited population sizes used in many quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection experiments can lead to underestimation of QTL number, overestimation of QTL effects, and failure to quantify QTL interactions. We used the barley/barley stripe rust pathosystem to evaluate the effect of population size on the estimation of QTL parameters. We generated a large (n=409) population of doubled haploid lines derived from the cross of two inbred lines, BCD47 and Baronesse. This population was evaluated for barley stripe rust severity in the Toluca Valley, Mexico, and in Washington State, USA, under field conditions. BCD47 was the principal donor of resistance QTL alleles, but the susceptible parent also contributed some resistance alleles. The major QTL, located on the long arm of chromosome 4H, close to the Mlo gene, accounted for up to 34% of the phenotypic variance. Subpopulations of different sizes were generated using three methods—resampling, selective genotyping, and selective phenotyping—to evaluate the effect of population size on the estimation of QTL parameters. In all cases, the number of QTL detected increased with population size. QTL with large effects were detected even in small populations, but QTL with small effects were detected only by increasing population size. Selective genotyping and/or selective phenotyping approaches could be effective strategies for reducing the costs associated with conducting QTL analysis in large populations. The method of choice will depend on the relative costs of genotyping versus phenotyping. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at     

交替假单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.)DY3菌株产内切葡聚糖酶的性质研究及基因克隆

从深海样品ESO109中分离到一株具有高内切葡聚糖酶活力的细菌DY3,16SrDNA序列分析表明该菌与交替假单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas sp．)的Pseudoalteromonas citrea和Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii的同源性为99％。PCR扩增DY3的内切葡聚糖酶基因celX全长1479bp,编码一个492AA的蛋白质。酶的氨基酸序列分析表明CelX与Rseudoalteromonas haloplanktis的内切葡聚糖酶CelG有95％的相似性,包括一个糖基水解酶家族5的催化结构域,一个连接序列和位于C端的的CBM5结构域。对酶性质的初步研究发现,CelX的最适温度为40℃,酶的最适pH在6～7之间。     

棉花抗枯萎病相关转录因子基因的克隆与表达

以枯萎病菌诱导棉花基因表达谱中获得的差异表达bZIP作为探针,采用电子克隆结合RT-PCR方法从棉花抗枯萎病品种‘中棉所12’中克隆了1个TGA转录因子基因,命名为GhTGA2.2。序列分析表明,该基因的cDNA全长1 356bp,编码451个氨基酸,预测分子量为50.04kD,等电点为5.85,含有保守的bZIP结构域。系统进化树分析表明,GhTGA2.2属于bZIP亚家族的TGA转录因子,与拟南芥AtTGA2、烟草NtTGA2.2亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR分析表明,经枯萎病菌诱导后,GhTGA2.2基因在抗病品种中呈上调表达,随处理后时间的推移,其相对表达量呈先升高后降低的趋势,并于处理后24h表达量达到最大;水杨酸诱导后1h,GhTGA2.2基因相对表达量迅速增加;茉莉酸和乙烯诱导后GhTGA2.2基因的相对表达量明显降低,呈下调表达。研究推测,GhTGA2.2基因可能通过水杨酸信号传导途径参与对枯萎病菌的防御反应。     

四川省小麦条锈菌群体遗传多样性的SSR分析

利用TP-M13-SSR自动荧光检测技术,对四川省小麦条锈菌群体遗传多样性水平进行了分析。研究结果表明,四川省小麦条锈菌群体遗传多样性比较丰富,地区之间存在明显的差异,川西北和四川盆地的种群遗传多样性相对较高,而四川西南部和四川东南部的种群遗传多样性较低。四川小麦条锈菌群体存在一定的遗传分化,地区间的遗传变异仅占14.92%,群体间的遗传变异占总变异的23.06%,群体内遗传变异占60.02%,遗传变异主要存在于群体内部。基因流和共享基因型从分子水平证实了四川小麦条锈菌在地区间的传播,且川西北和四川盆地之间的菌源交流最为广泛。     

假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶的发酵工艺研究

对假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶的发酵工艺条件进行了一系列研究。选择了合适的培养基成分并进行优化 ,获得了最优的摇瓶培养基配方 (% ,W/V) :豆油 4.0 ,全脂豆粉 4.0 ,K₂HPO₄0.1,KH₂PO₄ 0.1。产酶水平能达到 5000IU/mL。在 30L发酵罐上进行初步放大实验 ,其产酶水平能达到 8100IU/mL。在1m³发酵罐上进行中试放大 ,产酶水平可达到 8000IU/mL。     

Structural and Stereochemical Studies of Hydroxyanthraquinone Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus Coniothyrium sp

Four known hydroxyanthraquinones ( 1–4 ) together with four new derivatives having a tetralone moiety, namely coniothyrinones A–D ( 5–8 ), were isolated from the culture of Coniothyrium sp., an endophytic fungus isolated from Salsola oppostifolia from Gomera in the Canary Islands. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. The absolute configurations of coniothyrinones A ( 5 ), B ( 6 ), and D ( 8 ) were determined by TDDFT calculations of CD spectra, allowing the determination of the absolute configuration of coniothyrinone C ( 7 ) as well. Coniothyrinones A ( 5 ), B ( 6 ), and D ( 8 ) could be used as ECD reference compounds in the determination of absolute configuration for related tetralone derivatives. This is the first report of anthraquinones and derivatives from an isolate of the genus Coniothyrium sp. These compounds showed inhibitory effects against the fungus Microbotryum violaceum, the alga Chlorella fusca, and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium. Chirality 25:141–148, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.