伤寒-鼠伤寒重组株Vi4072在小鼠中定居及血清学效果观察试验

将编码Vi抗原的基因克隆到减毒的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中组建的基因重组株Vi4072,以3×10~8CFU一次口服感染Balb/C小鼠,4天后按7,14,21,28,35,42,49,56,63,70天的间隔收集分离小鼠的集合淋巴结,肝,脾.鉴别是否有本菌出现,并检测血清和小肠匀浆液中的vi抗体.结果表明,感染后49天仍可从脾中分离到该菌;70天仍可从血清和小肠匀浆液中测出vi抗体。     

Identification of a novel mechanism for LFA-1 organization during NK cytolytic response

The elimination of transformed and viral infected cells by natural killer (NK) cells requires a specialized junction between NK and target cells, denominated immunological synapse (IS). After initial recognition, the IS enables the directed secretion of lytic granules content into the susceptible target cell. The lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 regulates NK effector function by enabling NK-IS assembly and maturation. The pathways underlying LFA-1 accumulation at the IS in NK cells remained uncharacterized. A kinase anchoring protein 350 (AKAP350) is a centrosome/Golgi-associated protein, which, in T cells, participates in LFA-1 activation by mechanisms that have not been elucidated. We first evaluated AKAP350 participation in NK cytolytic activity. Our results showed that the decrease in AKAP350 levels by RNA interference (AKAP350KD) inhibited NK-YTS cytolytic activity, without affecting conjugate formation. The impairment of NK effector function in AKAP350KD cells correlated with decreased LFA-1 clustering and defective IS maturation. AKAP350KD cells that were exclusively activated via LFA-1 showed impaired LFA-1 organization and deficient lytic granule translocation as well. In NK AKAP350KD cells, activation signaling through Vav1 was preserved up to 10 min of interaction with target cells, but significantly decreased afterwards. Experiments in YTS and in ex vivo NK cells identified an intracellular pool of LFA-1, which partially associated with the Golgi apparatus and, upon NK activation, redistributed to the IS in an AKAP350-dependent manner. The analysis of Golgi organization indicated that the decrease in AKAP350 expression led to the disruption of the Golgi integrity in NK cells. Alteration of Golgi function by BFA treatment or AKAP350 delocalization from this organelle also led to impaired LFA-1 localization at the IS. Therefore, this study characterizes AKAP350 participation in the modulation of NK effector function, revealing the existence of a Golgi-dependent trafficking pathway for LFA-1, which is relevant for LFA-1 organization at NK-lytic IS.     

广东四片藻鞭毛器的亚微结构和囊壳的形成

本文详细研究了1种海生4条鞭毛的单胞绿藻——广东四片藻鞭毛器的亚微结构和囊壳的形成。4条鞭毛着生于细胞前端凹陷的基部,鞭毛表面覆盖2层鳞片;基体呈纵向平行的“Z”字形排列;具纹纤维连接内外径向排列的两个基体;4个片层状的卵形盘(或称半桥粒(halfdesmosome))微管和纤维物质构成的复合体将鞭毛器和根丝体固着在质膜和囊壳上。根丝体通过两束交叉的微管带与两个邻近的外侧基体相连接。这种连接方式与其它已研究过的四片藻是不同的。囊壳的形成开始于内膜系统,特别是高尔基体。纤维丛和电子密集颗粒在其中合成、修饰,同时由高尔基体衍生的小泡转移到原生质体表面特定的区域,然后经若干步骤接合成完整的囊壳。这个区域与蛋白核的位置相关,表明聚合星状颗粒酶是在蛋白核位点制造或释放的,同时分泌到细胞外。囊壳沿边生长组装与细胞质发育产生特征性的前端鞭毛凹陷同时发生。     

THE FLAGELLAR APPARATUS OF HYMENOMONAS CORONATA (PRYMNESIOPHYTA)1

The ultrastructure of Hymenomonas coronata Mills was reinvestigated to determine the microarchitecture of the flagellar apparatus. Cell morphology and flagellar apparatus structure are very similar to those of Pleurochrysis. Some important variations occur. First, a crystalline root (= compound root) is absent on microtubular root 1. Second, a two-stranded microtubular root emanates at a right angle from microtubular root 2. Third, a fibrous root emanates from the dorsal region between the basal bodies and extends to the cell's right, paralleling microtubular root 3. These similarities and variations in flagellar apparatus characters are discussed in reference to known variations in the Prymnesiophyta.     

Peculiarities of the male urogenital apparatus of two grunt species (Teleostei, Haemulidae)

An unusual testicular structure in the white grunt, Haemulon plumieri , and the French grunt, H. flavolineatum , and a urinary exocrine gland in H. flavolineatum are described. The testes of both species are comprised predominantly of efferent ducts, with spermatogenetic tissue restricted to the gonadal periphery. The epithelial cells of the efferent ducts produce glycogen which may serve a role in the storage and nutrition of sperm. The urinary gland is a male accessory gland thought to be associated with reproduction. The gland is mesonephric in origin and the epithelial cells of the gland produce mucins which may be involved in intraspecific chemical communication.     

Localization of the antigen for the monoclonal antibody ②9F11-B-E4 interspecific cross-reaction in the freshwater triclads

The localization of the antigen for monoclonal antibody 9F11-B-E₄ was clarified by immuno-electron microscopy. The antigens were localized on the mitochondria and Golgi bodies in the male germ cells and on the secretory granules of various glands cells in the penis bulb and subepidermal parenchymal tissue of Phagocata vivida. The results of the interspecific cross-reaction tests with seven other freshwater triclads showed that these secretory granules are species-specific. A positive interspecific reaction was showed with Dugesia (family Dugesiidae), but not with Polycelis within the same family Planariidae which suggests the position of Phagocata within the Planariidae needs to be reassesed.     

DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETIC PLACEMENT OF BRACTEACOCCUS TEREG (CHLOROPHYCEAE,CHLOROPHYTA) BASED ON 18S RIBOSOMAL RNA GENE SEQUENCE DATA1

Sequence data from the nuclear small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene was obtained for nine strains of Bracteacoccus Tereg, representing at least five morphological species and four distinct geographic locations. These, along with sequence data from two additional chlorophycean taxa, Spongiochloris spongiosa Starr and Ascochloris multinucleata Bold et MacEntee, and 48 published sequences from green algal taxa, were used to determine the phylogenetic placement of Bracteacoccus with respect to other chlorophycean green algae. Results support the monophyly of Bracteacoccus strains, contrasting with patterns observed so far for many other coccoid green algae. The range of variation among Bracteacoccus strains is similar to that of other congeners. Basal body orientation in Bracteacoccus has been interpreted as clockwise; however, the 18S data point to a relationship between Bracteacoccus and taxa with the directly opposed configuration of the flagellar apparatus. No close relationship was found to the multinucleated green coccoids with clockwise orientation of basal bodies, such as Spongiochloris, or to those with parallel basal bodies, such as Spermatozopsis. However, 18S data confirm that the motile and vegetative cells of Bracteacoccus are structurally distinct from the representatives of sphaeroplealean families currently studied. It is premature to reclassify Bracteacoccus until 18S comparisons can be made with additional sphaeroplealean taxa and with algae with similar flagellar structure such as Dictyochloris and Heterochlamydomonas.     

A versatile gel casting cum electrophoresis apparatus

A simple apparatus for vertical.,in situ, polyacrylamide or agarose gel casting as well as for the subsequent electrophoresis is described. The apparatus is completely leakproof and does not require any special device like clamps, O-rings, gaskets, grease etc. for sealing. Slab gels of various thickness (0.04 to 1.0 cm) can be made and the apparatus can be used for analytical or preparative purposes. Gel rods can also be cast and run in the device. Forward as well as reverse polarity electrophoresis of a sample can be run simultaneously in the apparatus. NCL Communication No.: 3077.     

Dye-flow apparatus to measure the variation in axial xylem permeability over a stem cross-section

Abstract Equipment and methodology are described that allows the radial variation in axial xylem permeability (hydraulic conductivity) over a tree cross-section to be measured and the flow paths to be identified by the strictly controlled flow of dye through a specimen. The apparatus can be calibrated so that the point-to-point variation of absolute permeability over a xylem cross-section can be calculated from the dye-flow patterns, which otherwise show only relative variations in permeability. The effect of using different dyes and dye concentrations on the penetration time and the shape of the dye patterns was investigated. The penetration time through the wood of identical end-matched specimens is appreciably longer for fixing dyes than for non-fixing dyes, and for the fixing dyes it depends strongly on the dye concentration. However, the dye patterns of the end-matched specimens were indistinguishable with fixing and non-fixing dyes, and independent of dye concentration. The fixing dye toluidine blue at 0.25% to 0.5% (w/w) was found most suitable as it yields a clear permanent pattern.     

Distribution of golgi apparatus-associated polyribosomes across the polarity axis of dictyosomes of wild carrot (Daucus carota L.)

Summary Endoplasmic reticulum-polyribosome-Golgi apparatus associations were a general feature of cells of suspension cultures of wild carrot (Daucus carota L.). Free polyribosomes occurred within the Golgi apparatus zone for all dictyosomes and with equal frequency at all levels within the stack including the most mature or trans face. When evaluated and quantified from electron micrographs, approximately 60% of the dictyosome profiles were characterized by a system of transition elements consisting of part smooth-part rough endoplasmic reticulum. These were encountered most frequently in the immediate vicinity of the immature, forming or cis face, usually toward the periphery of the stacked cisternae. Analysis of serial sections showed that those dictyosome profiles not exhibiting this characteristic did so primarily because of an unfavorable plane of sectioning. All dictyosomes examined in 5 or more serial sections revealed some type of close association with endoplasmic reticulum. Some of the associations were so close that direct connections between Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum tubules could not be excluded. Also present, especially at the forming or cis face, were small 600 nm transition vesicles with nap-like surface coats on nearly 90% of the dictyosomes examined. More than 50% exhibited spiny (clathrin-)coated vesicles at the mature or trans face.