小相岭山系主要植被类型的动态变化分析

以3S技术作为信息获取和处理的手段,将景观生态学原理与植被变化研究的传统方法相结合,对小相岭山系主要植被类型在近30年发生复杂相互转化的主要表现和动态变化特征进行量化分析。结果表明：（1）针阔叶混交林与针叶林的变化趋势相似,在30年中持续增长,增幅分别为17．57％、7．56％;新增斑块与原有斑块连接在一起,形成边界复杂的大斑块,景观破碎度和均匀性有所降低。（2）高山灌丛呈先减少后增加的变化趋势,在90年代面积与数量都有所回升,但新增斑块多数为尺寸较小的斑块,大量小斑块的出现导致景观破碎度和离散度有所增加。（3）高山流石滩植被在30年中不断减少,减幅为6．41％;由于减少的多是小斑块,因此破碎化程度并未加深,且分布的均匀性有所加强。研究结果不仅可以解释该山系主要植被景观格局与生态过程相互作用的机理,而且可以阐明其动态演替的方向、过程或扩展潜力。     

Use of optimization algorithms to prioritize protected areas in Mazandaran Province of Iran

A systematic approach for prioritization of protected areas is the use of artificial intelligence. This approach employs computer algorithms based on an objective function to identify the best network of areas to be protected. Site selection algorithms are commonly used to identify areas of high conservation value. This study used three types of heuristic algorithms (simulated annealing, greedy, rarity) to prioritize areas for protection in Mazandaran Province of Iran using Marxan software. The goal was to select a conservation network with the smallest possible area in which maximum protection targets are achievable. The effects of spatial scale, algorithm, and zone compactness were also examined. We found that the existing network of protected areas is inadequate to achieve conservation targets. The algorithm results provided the best areas for supplementation of the current network. The simulated annealing algorithm provided the most plausible results for all scenarios. These results can be used to modify the existing boundaries of the protected areas network and introduce new sites for protection of plant and animal species.     

Structure-revealing data fusion

Background

Analysis of data from multiple sources has the potential to enhance knowledge discovery by capturing underlying structures, which are, otherwise, difficult to extract. Fusing data from multiple sources has already proved useful in many applications in social network analysis, signal processing and bioinformatics. However, data fusion is challenging since data from multiple sources are often (i) heterogeneous (i.e., in the form of higher-order tensors and matrices), (ii) incomplete, and (iii) have both shared and unshared components. In order to address these challenges, in this paper, we introduce a novel unsupervised data fusion model based on joint factorization of matrices and higher-order tensors.

Results

While the traditional formulation of coupled matrix and tensor factorizations modeling only shared factors fails to capture the underlying structures in the presence of both shared and unshared factors, the proposed data fusion model has the potential to automatically reveal shared and unshared components through modeling constraints. Using numerical experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of identifying shared and unshared components. Furthermore, we measure a set of mixtures with known chemical composition using both LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and demonstrate that the structure-revealing data fusion model can (i) successfully capture the chemicals in the mixtures and extract the relative concentrations of the chemicals accurately, (ii) provide promising results in terms of identifying shared and unshared chemicals, and (iii) reveal the relevant patterns in LC-MS by coupling with the diffusion NMR data.

Conclusions

We have proposed a structure-revealing data fusion model that can jointly analyze heterogeneous, incomplete data sets with shared and unshared components and demonstrated its promising performance as well as potential limitations on both simulated and real data.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2105-15-239) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

毕赤酵母表达Q8008发酵条件的优化研究

目的对表达巴斯德毕赤酵母的发酵条件进行优化,确定最佳的发酵控制条件,以获得重组textilinin-1(Q8008)最高表达量。方法通过多因素正交实验确定Q8008发酵培养的最适发酵条件。结果表达温度在22℃,pH值为7.0,加入甲醇量为5g/L时为最优发酵条件,诱导表达时间为84~108h。结论优化巴斯德毕赤酵母的发酵条件,可提高Q8008表达量,为开发抗纤溶酶止血药应用于临床具有重要意义。     

Subject-specific planning of femoroplasty: A combined evolutionary optimization and particle diffusion model approach

A potential effective treatment for prevention of osteoporotic hip fractures is augmentation of the mechanical properties of the femur by injecting it with agents such as (PMMA) bone cement – femoroplasty. The operation, however, is only in research stage and can benefit substantially from computer planning and optimization. We report the results of computational planning and optimization of the procedure for biomechanical evaluation. An evolutionary optimization method was used to optimally place the cement in finite element (FE) models of seven osteoporotic bone specimens. The optimization, with some inter-specimen variations, suggested that areas close to the cortex in the superior and inferior of the neck and supero-lateral aspect of the greater trochanter will benefit from augmentation. We then used a particle-based model for bone cement diffusion simulation to match the optimized pattern, taking into account the limitations of the actual surgery, including limited volume of injection to prevent thermal necrosis. Simulations showed that the yield load can be significantly increased by more than 30%, using only 9 ml of bone cement. This increase is comparable to previous literature reports where gross filling of the bone was employed instead, using more than 40 ml of cement. These findings, along with the differences in the optimized plans between specimens, emphasize the need for subject-specific models for effective planning of femoral augmentation.     

维生素对谷氨酸棒杆菌SYPS-062直接发酵合成L-丝氨酸的影响

研究了VB1,生物素,VB6,VB2,叶酸和VB12对一株谷氨酸棒杆菌（Corynebacterium glutamicum）SYPS-062直接利用糖质原料发酵生产L-丝氨酸的影响,并且初步分析了这几种维生素对菌株SYPS-062发酵积累L-丝氨酸的调控机制。添加一定量的生物素,VB1和VB6表现出对L-丝氨酸积累分别为35%,28%和11%的促进;添加VB2实现了L-丝氨酸和生物量的等幅提高;而叶酸和VB12则通过促进菌株SYPS-062中1C单元循环的效率使L-丝氨酸的积累量分别提高了39%和82%,并且实现了产物转化率（YP/S）及单位细胞产率（YP/X）的显著提高。将六种维生素在其分别的最优浓度下复配,添加在发酵培养基中,结果发现发酵周期有6 h左右的缩短,并且达到的最大生物量及L-丝氨酸的积累分别为11 g/L和9.0 g/L。     

栓孔菌属漆酶高产菌株的初步筛选及其产酶条件的优化

利用显色反应对栓孔菌属(Trametes)进行了漆酶高产菌株的筛选,并对目标菌株的产酶条件进行了优化,在添加愈创木酚的固体培养基中,通过显色反应初步筛选出漆酶高产菌株东方栓孔菌Trametes orientalis Cui 6300;进一步通过单因子分析、正交试验和ABTS法确定了菌株Cui 6300的最适产酶条件:麦芽糖15 g/L,蛋白胨3 g/L,pH 4.8,Cu2+2.0 mmol/L,培养温度28°C,接种饼直径1.5 cm,此时酶活最高可达19.923 U/mL;同时探索了Cu2+浓度及添加时间对其菌丝生物量和漆酶活力的影响。研究表明,Cu2+最适添加浓度为2.0 mmol/L,添加时间为接种后第3天。     

产漆酶菌株筛选及一株产酶菌株的优化与鉴定

【目的】从26株真菌菌株中筛选高产漆酶菌株。【方法】采用愈创木酚法进行产漆酶菌株的筛选,通过正交实验对筛选出的高产菌株进行优化,并通过形态学和分子系统学对菌株进行鉴定。【结果】26株真菌菌株中有4株可产生漆酶,其中菌株H52.1为产漆酶最好菌株;菌株H52.1产漆酶优化培养基碳源为可溶性淀粉,氮源为硝酸铵,pH为8,金属离子为Ca2+;经鉴定,该菌株为大孢戴氏霉。【结论】大孢戴氏霉在产漆酶方面值得进一步研究开发。     

高产纤溶酶菌株CNY16发酵条件优化及其酶学特性初步研究

【目的】通过响应面试验对产纤溶酶菌株CNY16发酵条件进行优化,并对其酶学特性进行初步研究。【方法】采用Plackett-Burman设计得出酵母膏、氯化钠、转速3个最重要影响因素,通过最陡爬坡实验逼近酶活的最高区域,然后根据Box-Behnken中心组合设计实验对显著因素进行优化分析,最后对该酶学性质进行初步分析。【结果】最终得到3个因素的最优组合:酵母膏3.28%,氯化钠1.14%,转速166 r/min,在此培养条件下,纤溶酶活达到875.932 U/mL,比优化前提高了46%;该菌株产纤溶酶最适温度为30°C,最适pH为6.5。【结论】确定了高产纤溶酶菌株CNY16的最优发酵条件及其部分酶学性质,为该酶的进一步深入研究及中试实验奠定基础。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌PC2产抑菌物质培养基及发酵条件优化

【目的】优化解淀粉芽胞杆菌PC2产抑菌活性物质发酵培养基及发酵条件。【方法】以马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基为基础,依据发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌圈的单因素试验结果,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化发酵培养基,二次通用旋转组合设计,频率分析法优化发酵条件。【结果】影响发酵液抑菌活性的培养基主要组分为马铃薯、蔗糖和L-谷氨酸钠,最优发酵培养基配方为:马铃薯188.0 g/L,蔗糖22.0 g/L,L-谷氨酸钠1.80 g/L,培养基成本为0.81元/L;最佳发酵条件为:接种量6%、发酵温度30°C、装液量40 mL/250 mL、摇床转速185 r/min、发酵时间24 h、初始pH 7.0。优化后发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌圈直径为30.82 mm,较优化前的18.22 mm增加了12.60 mm。【结论】优化后的培养基和发酵条件提高了解淀粉芽胞杆菌PC2发酵液的抑菌活性,为该菌株的工业化生产应用提供了依据。