Breakup and re-formation of colony in the first-instar larvae of the winter cherry bug,Acanthocoris sordidus thunberg (Hemiptera: Coreidae), in relation to the defence against their enemies

The winter cherry bug, Acanthocoris sordidusThunberg , lives in aggregation especially in their early larval instars. Using the 1st-instar larvae of this species, the author tried to clarify both the processes and the mechanisms of the breakup and later re-formation of colony in relation to the defence against their enemies. The results obtained were summarized as follows.

1. In the field population, there is a high possibility of dispersal of the 1st-instar larvae from a colony possibly through the disturbance by some predators but they can re-form a colony with each other or join, with colonies of different instar larvae.
2. The individuals in a colony immediately disperse through the attack of predatory coccinellid beetle, Harmonica axyridis but tend to re-form a colony in a short time.
3. The breakup of colony is caused by the secretion from the attacked individual.
4. The formation of colony is attributed to the habit closely related with the senses of smell and/or contact.

From these results, it was concluded that the dispersal of 1st-instar larvae from a colony, followed by the re-formation of a colony, is an an adaptive behaviour to escape from the attack by their predators.     

不同目标力线设定对开放性楔形胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎疗效的影响

目的:探讨开放性楔形胫骨高位截骨术(OWHTO)中采用不同目标力线对单间室膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)疗效的影响。方法:回顾性分析本院收治的2016年9月～2018年9月采用OWHTO治疗单间室KOA患者41例的临床资料,根据不同目标力线分为固定力线组和个体化力线组,固定力线组19例患者采用统一调目标力线至Fujisawa点治疗,个体化力线组22例根据术中关节软骨Outerbridge分级、个体化调定目标力线治疗,对比两组术前及术后1.5个月、3个月、6个月、12个月的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及美国特种外科医院膝关节(HSS)评分变化,并对比术前和12个月时MRI及关节镜影像。结果:术后所有患者VAS评分、HSS评分均较术前改善(P0.05),其中个体化力线组术后1.5个月、3个月时VAS评分优于固定力线组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。MRI及关节镜显示两组患者均有不同程度软骨再生。结论:采用OWHTO治疗单间室KOA,根据患者不同软骨磨损情况制定个体化目标力线方案有利于患者早期疼痛的改善,但其长期功能的恢复及软骨再生与固定力线方案无明显差异。     

限制性输血与开放性输血对急性上消化道出血患者凝血功能、血液流变学及预后的影响

摘要 目的：探讨限制性输血与开放性输血对急性上消化道出血患者凝血功能、血液流变学及预后的影响。方法：选取2018年1月~2020年1月期间我院收治的急性上消化道出血患者80例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=40）和研究组（n=40）,对照组患者输血方式采用开放性输血,研究组患者输血方式采用限制性输血,比较两组患者治疗24 h后、48 h后、72 h后的止血率。统计两组患者死亡率、疗效、再出血率和不良事件发生率。比较两组治疗前、治疗72 h后的Blatchford评分及凝血功能指标：凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）以及血液流变学指标：全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞比容。结果：研究组治疗24 h后的止血率高于对照组（P<0.05）;两组治疗48 h后、治疗72 h后的止血率组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组治疗72 h后Blatchford评分均下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗72 h后PT、APTT均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组死亡率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;研究组不良事件总发生率、再出血率均低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗72 h后全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞比容均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：与开放性输血相比,急性上消化道出血患者采用限制性输血,可迅速止血,有效防止患者凝血功能紊乱及血液流变学异常,同时还可减少不良事件总发生率、再出血率,可进一步改善患者预后。     

Ethanol inhibits Kv7.2/7.3 channel open probability by reducing the PI(4,5)P2 sensitivity of Kv7.2 subunit

Ethanol often causes critical health problems by altering the neuro-nal activities of the central and peripheral nerve systems. One of the cellular targets of ethanol is the plasma membrane proteins including ion channels and receptors. Recently, we reported that ethanol elevates membrane excitability in sympathetic neurons by inhibiting Kv7.2/7.3 channels in a cell type-specific manner. Even though our studies revealed that the inhibitory effects of ethanol on the Kv7.2/7.3 channel was diminished by the increase of plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI (4,5)P₂), the molecular mechanism of ethanol on Kv7.2/7.3 channel inhibition remains unclear. By investigating the kinetics of Kv7.2/7.3 current in high K⁺ solution, we found that ethanol inhibited Kv7.2/7.3 channels through a mechanism distinct from that of tetraethylammonium (TEA) which enters into the pore and blocks the gate of the channels. Using a non-stationary noise analysis (NSNA), we demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of ethanol is the result of reduction of open probability (P_O) of the Kv7.2/7.3 channel, but not of a single channel current (i) or channel number (N). Finally, ethanol selectively facilitated the kinetics of Kv7.2 current suppression by voltage-sensing phosphatase (VSP)-induced PI(4,5)P₂ depletion, while it slowed down Kv7.2 current recovery from the VSP-induced inhibition. Together our results suggest that ethanol regulates neuronal activity through the reduction of open probability and PI(4,5)P₂ sensitivity of Kv7.2/7.3 channels.     

经皮椎间孔镜法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果观察

目的:探究经皮椎间孔镜法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果。方法:选择我院于2018年1月2020年3月收治的腰椎间盘突出症患者77例为研究对象,根据入院顺序经随机数字表法分成两组,给予对照组39例患者进行开放手术:腰椎后路间盘切除、椎间融合、椎弓根钉内固定术,给予研究组38例患者经皮椎间孔镜法进行治疗。对比两组治疗后腰部功能恢复情况;两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数、切口长度等临床指标;两组术前及术后1 d白介素-1β(Inter leukin-1β,IL-1β)及C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平。结果:研究组的腰部功能恢复总优良率92.11%(35/38)显著高于对照组的腰部功能恢复总优良率66.67%(26/39)(P<0.05);研究组的术中出血量、住院天数、切口长度、手术时间均显著少(短)于对照组(P<0.05);术前,两组的IL-1β、CRP水平对比无显著性差异(P>0.05);术后1 d,两组的IL-1β、CRP水平均比术前显著升高,但研究组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:经皮椎间孔镜法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果显著,可有效改善患者临床指标,且损伤较小,值得推荐至临床广泛应用。     

不同经皮克氏针内固定术治疗儿童GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折疗效对比的回顾性分析

摘要 目的：对比不同经皮克氏针内固定术治疗GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折患儿的治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析2017年3月~2020年3月期间我院收治的90例GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折患儿的临床资料,根据治疗方式的不同,将患儿分为A组47例（采用切开复位经皮克氏针内固定术治疗）和B组43例（采用闭合复位经皮克氏针内固定术治疗）。观察两组疗效情况、围术期指标情况及并发症发生率。结果：A组、B组的优良率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。B组的手术时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间均短于A组,术中失血量少于A组,组间对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折患儿采用闭合复位或切开复位经皮克氏针内固定术均可获得良好的手术效果,其中闭合复位在缩短手术时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间和减少术中失血量方面更具备优势。     

切开与闭合复位空心钉内固定对移位股骨颈骨折患者骨折复位质量和髋关节功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨切开与闭合复位空心钉内固定对移位股骨颈骨折患者骨折复位质量和髋关节功能的影响。方法：本研究为回顾性研究,选取98例移位股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组（n=50,切开复位）和B组（n=48,闭合复位）,比较两组患者优良率、骨折复位质量、髋关节功能、围术期指标、术后并发症发生率和二次手术发生率。结果：A组患者术后6个月的优良率为78.00%（39/50）,高于B组的58.33%（28/48）（P<0.05）。两组术后负重下地时间、术中透视时间比较无差异（P>0.05）;B组手术时间、住院时间短于A组,术中出血量少于A组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月髋关节功能Harris评分均较术前升高,且A组高于B组（P<0.05）。两组二次手术及并发症发生率比较无差异（P>0.05）。A组Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型的例数均多于B组,Ⅲ型例数少于B组（P<0.05）。结论：与闭合复位空心钉内固定相比,切开复位空心钉内固定虽损伤较大,但其术后骨折复位质量和髋关节功能改善效果更佳,且不增加并发症发生率和二次手术发生率。     

Characteristics of balance control in older persons who fall with injury – A prospective study

ObjectiveOlder adults who have recently fallen demonstrate increased postural sway compared with non-fallers. However, the differences in postural control between older adults who were seriously injured (SI) as a result of a fall, compared with those who fell but were not injured (NSI) and non-fallers (NFs), has not been investigated. The objective of the present study was to investigate the underlying postural control mechanisms related to injuries resulting from a fall.MethodsBoth traditional postural sway measures of foot center-of-pressure (CoP) displacements and fractal measures, the Stabilogram-Diffusion Analysis (SDA), were used to characterize the postural control. One hundred older adults aged 65–91 years were tested during narrow base upright stance in eyes closed condition; falls were monitored over a 1-year period.ResultsForty-nine older adults fell during the 1-year follow-up, 13 were seriously injured as a result of a fall (SI), 36 were not injured (NSI), and 49 were non-fallers (NFs); two passed away. The SDA showed significantly higher short-term diffusion coefficients and critical displacements in SI in the anterior–posterior direction compared with both NSI and NF. However, in the medio-lateral direction there were no statistically significant differences between groups. For the traditional measures of sway, the average anterior–posterior CoP range was also larger in SI individuals.ConclusionsThis work suggests that older fallers with a deterioration of anterior–posterior postural control may be at higher risk of serious injury following fall events.     

Open access to tree genomes: the path to a better forest

An open-access culture and a well-developed comparative-genomics infrastructure must be developed in forest trees to derive the full potential of genome sequencing in this diverse group of plants that are the dominant species in much of the earth''s terrestrial ecosystems.     

应用坚固内固定技术治疗颌骨骨折的效果分析

目的：探究坚固内固定技术对颌骨骨折的治疗运用,为颌骨骨折的治疗方法选择提供理论指导。方法：选取我科自2009年4月-2012年7月收治的80例下颌骨骨折患者行手术切开复位、小型和微型钛板坚固内固定术治疗,纳入内固定组,并选取同期80例行颌间固定的颌骨骨折患者,纳入颌间固定组,对比两组患者治疗效果。结果：两组患者术后3个月张口度及张口型均得到明显改善,内固定组改善程度较颌间固定组更为显著（P〈0．05）;内固定组治疗周数、口臭及咬合错乱发生率均低于颌间固定组（P〈0．05）;内固定组疗效评价优43例,良26例,有效率86．3％,颌间固定组分别为31例和17例,有效率60．0％,内固定组治疗效果显著优于颌间固定组（P〈0．05）。结论：坚固内固定技术具有组织相容性高、口功能恢复快、不良反应发生率低等优势,是治疗颌骨骨折的安全、可靠、简便的治疗方案,能够有效保证患者的预后和生活质量,值得临床普遍应用。