Ethanol inhibits Kv7.2/7.3 channel open probability by reducing the PI(4,5)P2 sensitivity of Kv7.2 subunit

Ethanol often causes critical health problems by altering the neuro-nal activities of the central and peripheral nerve systems. One of the cellular targets of ethanol is the plasma membrane proteins including ion channels and receptors. Recently, we reported that ethanol elevates membrane excitability in sympathetic neurons by inhibiting Kv7.2/7.3 channels in a cell type-specific manner. Even though our studies revealed that the inhibitory effects of ethanol on the Kv7.2/7.3 channel was diminished by the increase of plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI (4,5)P₂), the molecular mechanism of ethanol on Kv7.2/7.3 channel inhibition remains unclear. By investigating the kinetics of Kv7.2/7.3 current in high K⁺ solution, we found that ethanol inhibited Kv7.2/7.3 channels through a mechanism distinct from that of tetraethylammonium (TEA) which enters into the pore and blocks the gate of the channels. Using a non-stationary noise analysis (NSNA), we demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of ethanol is the result of reduction of open probability (P_O) of the Kv7.2/7.3 channel, but not of a single channel current (i) or channel number (N). Finally, ethanol selectively facilitated the kinetics of Kv7.2 current suppression by voltage-sensing phosphatase (VSP)-induced PI(4,5)P₂ depletion, while it slowed down Kv7.2 current recovery from the VSP-induced inhibition. Together our results suggest that ethanol regulates neuronal activity through the reduction of open probability and PI(4,5)P₂ sensitivity of Kv7.2/7.3 channels.     

经皮椎间孔镜法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果观察

目的:探究经皮椎间孔镜法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果。方法:选择我院于2018年1月2020年3月收治的腰椎间盘突出症患者77例为研究对象,根据入院顺序经随机数字表法分成两组,给予对照组39例患者进行开放手术:腰椎后路间盘切除、椎间融合、椎弓根钉内固定术,给予研究组38例患者经皮椎间孔镜法进行治疗。对比两组治疗后腰部功能恢复情况;两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数、切口长度等临床指标;两组术前及术后1 d白介素-1β(Inter leukin-1β,IL-1β)及C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平。结果:研究组的腰部功能恢复总优良率92.11%(35/38)显著高于对照组的腰部功能恢复总优良率66.67%(26/39)(P<0.05);研究组的术中出血量、住院天数、切口长度、手术时间均显著少(短)于对照组(P<0.05);术前,两组的IL-1β、CRP水平对比无显著性差异(P>0.05);术后1 d,两组的IL-1β、CRP水平均比术前显著升高,但研究组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:经皮椎间孔镜法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果显著,可有效改善患者临床指标,且损伤较小,值得推荐至临床广泛应用。     

不同经皮克氏针内固定术治疗儿童GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折疗效对比的回顾性分析

摘要 目的：对比不同经皮克氏针内固定术治疗GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折患儿的治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析2017年3月~2020年3月期间我院收治的90例GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折患儿的临床资料,根据治疗方式的不同,将患儿分为A组47例（采用切开复位经皮克氏针内固定术治疗）和B组43例（采用闭合复位经皮克氏针内固定术治疗）。观察两组疗效情况、围术期指标情况及并发症发生率。结果：A组、B组的优良率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。B组的手术时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间均短于A组,术中失血量少于A组,组间对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折患儿采用闭合复位或切开复位经皮克氏针内固定术均可获得良好的手术效果,其中闭合复位在缩短手术时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间和减少术中失血量方面更具备优势。     

切开与闭合复位空心钉内固定对移位股骨颈骨折患者骨折复位质量和髋关节功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨切开与闭合复位空心钉内固定对移位股骨颈骨折患者骨折复位质量和髋关节功能的影响。方法：本研究为回顾性研究,选取98例移位股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组（n=50,切开复位）和B组（n=48,闭合复位）,比较两组患者优良率、骨折复位质量、髋关节功能、围术期指标、术后并发症发生率和二次手术发生率。结果：A组患者术后6个月的优良率为78.00%（39/50）,高于B组的58.33%（28/48）（P<0.05）。两组术后负重下地时间、术中透视时间比较无差异（P>0.05）;B组手术时间、住院时间短于A组,术中出血量少于A组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月髋关节功能Harris评分均较术前升高,且A组高于B组（P<0.05）。两组二次手术及并发症发生率比较无差异（P>0.05）。A组Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型的例数均多于B组,Ⅲ型例数少于B组（P<0.05）。结论：与闭合复位空心钉内固定相比,切开复位空心钉内固定虽损伤较大,但其术后骨折复位质量和髋关节功能改善效果更佳,且不增加并发症发生率和二次手术发生率。     

Characteristics of balance control in older persons who fall with injury – A prospective study

ObjectiveOlder adults who have recently fallen demonstrate increased postural sway compared with non-fallers. However, the differences in postural control between older adults who were seriously injured (SI) as a result of a fall, compared with those who fell but were not injured (NSI) and non-fallers (NFs), has not been investigated. The objective of the present study was to investigate the underlying postural control mechanisms related to injuries resulting from a fall.MethodsBoth traditional postural sway measures of foot center-of-pressure (CoP) displacements and fractal measures, the Stabilogram-Diffusion Analysis (SDA), were used to characterize the postural control. One hundred older adults aged 65–91 years were tested during narrow base upright stance in eyes closed condition; falls were monitored over a 1-year period.ResultsForty-nine older adults fell during the 1-year follow-up, 13 were seriously injured as a result of a fall (SI), 36 were not injured (NSI), and 49 were non-fallers (NFs); two passed away. The SDA showed significantly higher short-term diffusion coefficients and critical displacements in SI in the anterior–posterior direction compared with both NSI and NF. However, in the medio-lateral direction there were no statistically significant differences between groups. For the traditional measures of sway, the average anterior–posterior CoP range was also larger in SI individuals.ConclusionsThis work suggests that older fallers with a deterioration of anterior–posterior postural control may be at higher risk of serious injury following fall events.     

Open access to tree genomes: the path to a better forest

An open-access culture and a well-developed comparative-genomics infrastructure must be developed in forest trees to derive the full potential of genome sequencing in this diverse group of plants that are the dominant species in much of the earth''s terrestrial ecosystems.     

应用坚固内固定技术治疗颌骨骨折的效果分析

目的：探究坚固内固定技术对颌骨骨折的治疗运用,为颌骨骨折的治疗方法选择提供理论指导。方法：选取我科自2009年4月-2012年7月收治的80例下颌骨骨折患者行手术切开复位、小型和微型钛板坚固内固定术治疗,纳入内固定组,并选取同期80例行颌间固定的颌骨骨折患者,纳入颌间固定组,对比两组患者治疗效果。结果：两组患者术后3个月张口度及张口型均得到明显改善,内固定组改善程度较颌间固定组更为显著（P〈0．05）;内固定组治疗周数、口臭及咬合错乱发生率均低于颌间固定组（P〈0．05）;内固定组疗效评价优43例,良26例,有效率86．3％,颌间固定组分别为31例和17例,有效率60．0％,内固定组治疗效果显著优于颌间固定组（P〈0．05）。结论：坚固内固定技术具有组织相容性高、口功能恢复快、不良反应发生率低等优势,是治疗颌骨骨折的安全、可靠、简便的治疗方案,能够有效保证患者的预后和生活质量,值得临床普遍应用。     

Exploring the concept of interaction computing through the discrete algebraic analysis of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction

Interaction computing (IC) aims to map the properties of integrable low-dimensional non-linear dynamical systems to the discrete domain of finite-state automata in an attempt to reproduce in software the self-organizing and dynamically stable properties of sub-cellular biochemical systems. As the work reported in this paper is still at the early stages of theory development it focuses on the analysis of a particularly simple chemical oscillator, the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. After retracing the rationale for IC developed over the past several years from the physical, biological, mathematical, and computer science points of view, the paper presents an elementary discussion of the Krohn–Rhodes decomposition of finite-state automata, including the holonomy decomposition of a simple automaton, and of its interpretation as an abstract positional number system. The method is then applied to the analysis of the algebraic properties of discrete finite-state automata derived from a simplified Petri net model of the BZ reaction. In the simplest possible and symmetrical case the corresponding automaton is, not surprisingly, found to contain exclusively cyclic groups. In a second, asymmetrical case, the decomposition is much more complex and includes five different simple non-abelian groups whose potential relevance arises from their ability to encode functionally complete algebras. The possible computational relevance of these findings is discussed and possible conclusions are drawn.