Rapid internalization of exogenous ganglioside GM3 and its metabolism to ceramide in human myelogenous leukemia HL-60 cells compared with control ganglioside GM1

Incorporation and metabolism of exogenous GM3 in human myelogenous leukemia HL-60 cells were analyzed using ³H-labeled GM3 ([³H]GM3). [³H]GM3 was rapidly internalized into the cells (trypsin-resistant fraction) 8 times more than the control, ³H-labeled GM1 ([³H]GM1). In addition, not only incorporation but also metabolism of [³H]GM3 was more rapid than [³H]GM1 in HL-60 cells. Moreover, one of the metabolites was found to co-migrate with ceramide in thin-layer chromatography analysis and ceramide formation from exogenous GM3 is more rapid than that from exogenous GM1. These results suggested that there would be some preferential mechanism to produce ceramide from differentiation-inducible GM3 in HL-60 cells rather than from non-inducing GM1.     

In Vivo Lineage Tracing of Polyploid Hepatocytes Reveals Extensive Proliferation during Liver Regeneration

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Broad Distribution of Hepatocyte Proliferation in Liver Homeostasis and Regeneration

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De novo generation of macrophage from placenta-derived hemogenic endothelium

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General relationships of mammalian orders and evolutionary development of primates inferred from best-fit α-globin phylogenies

A best-fit α-globin phylogeny was identified by means of a global minimization approach from among the topologies generated by a parsimony strategy. Zip parsimony method was used to derive a set of near-parsimonious trees. For each of these topologies, a difference matrix was computed; and the topology with the best goodness of fit with the original matrix was retained as the best tree. Based on this phylogenetic scheme inter-relationships among eutherian orders and the evolutionary development of primates has been discussed.     

Interpretation of life history pattern in the Digenea

The nature of secondary multiplication in the Digenea, especially in the molluscan host is reviewed. The concepts of alternation of generations and polyembryony are examined and discarded as unhelpful. In the absence of both meiosis and recognizable ovaries in miracidia, sporocysts and rediae, there are no criteria for distinguishing diploid ameiotic ‘eggs’ from other diploid cells, and thus no clear distinction is possible between ameiotic parthenogenesis and budding from a single cell. Comparison with other groups, especially the coelenterates, suggests budding and metamorphosis of larval stages as the explanation of digenean life histories. Functional equivalents of the digenean larval stages are indicated in other groups.The germinal lineage possibly preserves a line of totipotential cells, which by avoiding differentiation retain an unrestricted range of phenotypic responses. By dividing as infrequently as possible, consistent with the production of an adequate number of germinal cells, the lineage is, to a degree, preserved from the creation and incorporation of molecular errors, and thus the subsequent life history stages are protected from the incorporation of ‘senescence’ acquired at an earlier stage in the life history. Restriction of sexuality to the fluke stage usually promotes outbreeding between genetically diverse adults, each with the proven capacity to complete successfully all life history phases.     

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Heterogeneity Is Linked to the Initiation and Therapeutic Response of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

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Ductal Ngn3-expressing progenitors contribute to adult β cell neogenesis in the pancreas

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