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241.
Fernando Otálora-Luna Jennifer A. Hammock Rocco T. Alessandro Stephen L. Lapointe Joseph C. Dickens 《Arthropod-Plant Interactions》2009,3(2):63-73
The tropical root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L. 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a polyphagous insect from the Caribbean Islands and an invasive insect in the southern
part of the United States where it is pest of citrus crops and ornamental trees. Adults feed upon foliage where aggregation,
mating and oviposition take place. Here, the headspace volatiles from Citrus macrophylla Wester (Rutaceae), D. abbreviatus adults feeding on this plant, adults alone and adult feces, were collected by aeration and solid-phase microextraction (SPME)
for analysis by gas chromatography-linked mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Electrophysiological responses of weevil antennal receptors
to volatile headspace extracts and synthetic analogues were recorded by gas chromatography-linked electroantennographic detection
(GC-EAD) and electroantennograms (EAGs). Antennal responses were recorded to the monoterpenes (R)-(−)-linalool, citronellal, nerol, citral, and geraniol; all present in the headspace of C. macrophylla. Antennal responses were also recorded to carvacrol, present in the headspace of adults and adult feces. The green leaf volatiles
cis-3-hexen-1-ol and trans-2-hexen-1-ol, produced by other host plants, elicited reliable responses on the D. abbreviatus antenna. When comparing EAGs between (±)-linalool and (R)-(−)-linalool, no significant difference was found; responses to (R)-(+)-citronellal were larger than for (S)-(−)-citronellal. Among the individual compounds and blends tested using an open T-track dual choice olfactometer, only the
blend of (±)-linalool, cis-3-hexen-1-ol and carvacrol (source dose 25:25:2.5 μg) elicited significant attraction of females, the same blend was repellent
for males. The biologically active compounds found here likely play a role in host finding by D. abbreviatus and other interactions of the insect with its hostplant.
Handling editor: Sam Cook 相似文献
242.
Olfactory sexual inhibition and the westermarck effect 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Westermarck effect (sexual inhibition among individuals raised together) is argued to be mediated olfactorily. Various
animals, including humans, distinguish among individuals by scent (significantly determined by MHC genotype), and some avoid
cosocialized associates on this basis. Possible models of olfactory mechanisms in humans are evaluated. Evidence suggests
aversions develop during an early sensitizing period, attach to persons as much as to their scents, and are more powerful
among females than among males. Adult to child aversions may develop similarly, but more likely result from stimulus generalization.
This hypothesis accords with current evidence and yields testable predictions (e.g., anosmia will prevent inhibition) that,
should they be supported, will conclusively ground the Westermarck effect in a biological mechanism.
A version of this paper was originally presented at the 92nd annual meeting of the American Sociological Association in Toronto,
Canada.
Mark A. Schneider is a sociologist of science and author of “Sacredness, Status and Bodily Violation” (Body and Society, 1996) as well as Culture and Enchantment (Chicago, 1993). Lewellyn Hendrix has written extensively on families in cross-cultural perspective and is the author of
Illegitimacy and Social Structures (Bergin and Garvey, 1996). They recently coauthored “Assumptions on Sex and Society in the Biosocial Theory of Incest” (Cross-Cultural Research, 1999). 相似文献
243.
Olfactory responses at the receptor level have been thoroughly described in Drosophila melanogaster by electrophysiological methods. Single sensilla recordings (SSRs) measure neuronal activity in intact individuals in response to odors. For sensilla that contain more than one olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), their different spontaneous spike amplitudes can distinguish each signal under resting conditions. However, activity is mainly described by spike frequency.Some reports on ORN response dynamics studied two components in the olfactory responses of ORNs: a fast component that is reflected by the spike frequency and a slow component that is observed in the LFP (local field potential, the single sensillum counterpart of the electroantennogram, EAG). However, no apparent correlation was found between the two elements.In this report, we show that odorant stimulation produces two different effects in the fast component, affecting spike frequency and spike amplitude. Spike amplitude clearly diminishes at the beginning of a response, but it recovers more slowly than spike frequency after stimulus cessation, suggesting that ORNs return to resting conditions long after they recover a normal spontaneous spike frequency. Moreover, spike amplitude recovery follows the same kinetics as the slow voltage component measured by the LFP, suggesting that both measures are connected.These results were obtained in ab2 and ab3 sensilla in response to two odors at different concentrations. Both spike amplitude and LFP kinetics depend on odorant, concentration and neuron, suggesting that like the EAG they may reflect olfactory information. 相似文献
244.
Katsuhiro Nishiyama Jiro Okada Yoshihiro Toh 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2007,193(9):963-971
The behavioral responses to attractive and aversive odors were examined in blinded adult male cockroaches under tethered-walking
conditions. A sex pheromone-like stimulant derived from adult virgin females and artificially synthesized limonene were used
as attractive and aversive odor sources, respectively. When a searching animal was stimulated with the attractive female-derived
odor, the horizontal deflections of both the antennae were increased, and in most cases the vertical antennal positions were
shifted downward. The stimulation also significantly decreased the walking speed of the animal. These behavioral changes imply
a careful search in the immediate surroundings. The aftereffect of the sex pheromone was more pronounced on locomotion than
on antennal movement. On the other hand, stimulation with the aversive odor (limonene) tended to suppress active antennal
movement, and also increased the walking speed. Immediately after the withdrawal of the aversive odor, the active movement
of the antennae was resumed, and the walking speed rapidly decreased to a level approximately the same as that of the control
period. These results indicate that the responses to the qualitatively opposite types of odor are reciprocal to each other
with regard to both antennal movement and locomotion. 相似文献
245.
Stephan Frings 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2009,195(1):1-19
In the course of evolution, the strong and unremitting selective pressure on sensory performance has driven the acuity of
sensory organs to its physical limits. As a consequence, the study of primary sensory processes illustrates impressively how
far a physiological function can be improved if the survival of a species depends on it. Sensory cells that detect single-photons,
single molecules, mechanical motions on a nanometer scale, or incredibly small fluctuations of electromagnetic fields have
fascinated physiologists for a long time. It is a great challenge to understand the primary sensory processes on a molecular
level. This review points out some important recent developments in the search for primary processes in sensory cells that
mediate touch perception, hearing, vision, taste, olfaction, as well as the analysis of light polarization and the orientation
in the Earth’s magnetic field. The data are screened for common transduction strategies and common transduction molecules,
an aspect that may be helpful for researchers in the field. 相似文献
246.
Thomas Nørgaard Joh R. Henschel Rüdiger Wehner 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2007,193(2):217-222
Adult male Leucorchestris arenicola can walk round-trips of several tens of meters in search of females. Most excursions end with the spiders returning to their
burrow. For small animals homing over distances of several meters is theoretically impossible without the aid of external
cues. It was investigated, whether the spiders use local cues or they rely solely on global cues. Individually marked male
spiders were captured during their excursions and displaced several meters inside an opaque box. Ten out of twelve displaced
spiders returned to their burrows. This shows that the male L. arenicola are using local cues during their homing, as the comparatively small displacement distances could not be detected by means
of global, e.g. celestial cues. In order to test whether the spiders could be using olfactory guidance, the burrows were displaced
by 2 m while the spiders were out on their journeys. In 12 out of 15 experiments, the spiders did not find their burrows.
These results show that the burrows do not function as olfactory beacons for the homing spiders. 相似文献