全文获取类型
收费全文 | 244篇 |
免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 16篇 |
2013年 | 5篇 |
2012年 | 3篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 23篇 |
2008年 | 17篇 |
2007年 | 17篇 |
2006年 | 16篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 10篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有246条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) has been reported to be upregulated post-partum in pregnancy and in early lung development. Several technical challenges exist in measuring AQP4 protein levels, among them sensitivity to detergent solubilization, sample heating and gel composition. Here we have optimized quantification of AQP4 using immuno-blots. Using improved methodology we find no evidence for AQP4 upregulation post-partum or in the early lung development. However, in the nasal epithelium AQP4 is upregulated as early as in the brain. Furthermore, AQP4 is strongly expressed in the glomerulus, the synaptic unit of the olfactory bulb, suggesting a role for AQP4 in olfactory function. 相似文献
132.
In the central nervous system of the terrestrial snail Helix, the gene HCS2, which encodes several neuropeptides of the CNP (command neuron peptide) family, is mostly expressed in cells related to withdrawal behavior. In the present work, we demonstrate that a small percentage (0.1%) of the sensory cells, located in the sensory pad and in the surrounding epithelial region ("collar") of the anterior and posterior tentacles, is immunoreactive to antisera raised against the neuropeptides CNP2 and CNP4, encoded by the HCS2 gene. No CNP-like-immunoreactive neurons have been detected among the tentacular ganglionic interneurons. The CNP-like-immunoreactive fiber bundles enter the cerebral ganglia within the nerves of the tentacles (tentacular nerve and medial lip nerve) and innervate the metacerebral lobe, viz., the integrative brain region well-known as the target area for many cerebral ganglia nerves. The procerebral lobe, which is involved in the processing of olfactory information, is not CNP-immunoreactive. Our data suggest that the sensory cells, which contain the CNP neuropeptides, belong to a class of sensory neurons with a specific function, presumably involved in the withdrawal behavior of the snail. 相似文献
133.
In this paper, a mathematical model of the diffusion of cAMP into olfactory cilia and the resulting electrical activity is
presented. The model, which consists of two nonlinear differential equations, is studied using perturbation techniques. The
unknowns in the problem are the concentration of cAMP, the membrane potential, and the quantity of most interest in this work:
the distribution of CNG channels along the length of a cilium. Experimental measurements of the total current during this
diffusion process provide an extra boundary condition which helps determine the unknown distribution function. A simple perturbation
approximation is derived and used to solve this inverse problem and thus obtain estimates of the spatial distribution of CNG
ion channels along the length of a cilium. A one-dimensional computer minimization and a special delay iteration are used
with the perturbation formulas to obtain approximate channel distributions in the cases of simulated and experimental data.
相似文献
134.
Although it is difficult for observers to determine how non-human primates use olfaction in a natural environment, sniffing
is one clue. In this study, the sniffing behaviors of wild chimpanzees were divided into six categories, and sex differences
were found in most categories. Males sniffed more frequently than females in sexual and social situations, while females sniffed
more often during feeding and self-checking. Chimpanzees sniffed more frequently during the dry season than during the wet
season, presumably due to the low humidity. This suggests that the environment affects olfactory use by chimpanzees and that
chimpanzees easily gather new information from the ground via sniffing. 相似文献
135.
Minasyan A Keisala T Lou YR Kalueff AV Tuohimaa P 《The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology》2007,104(3-5):274-280
Vitamin D is a seco-steroid hormone with multiple actions in the brain, mediated through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). We have recently shown that mutant mice lacking functional VDR demonstrate altered emotional behavior and specific motor deficits. Here we further examine phenotype of these mice, testing their novelty responses, as well as cognitive and sensory (olfactory and gustatory) functions in the novel food, two-trial Y-maze and tastant consumption tests. In addition, we study depression-like behavior in these mice, using anhedonia-based sucrose preference test. Overall, VDR mutant mice showed neophobic response in several different tests, but displayed unimpaired olfactory and gustatory functions, spatial memory and baseline hedonic responses. Collectively, these data confirm that mutation of VDR in mice leads to altering emotional/anxiety states, but does not play a major role in depression, as well as in the regulation of some sensory and cognitive processes. These results support the role of the vitamin D/VDR neuroendocrine system in the regulation of behavior, and may have clinical relevance, enabling a better focus on psychiatric and behavioral disorders associated with dysfunctions in this neuroendocrine system. 相似文献
136.
G. Gomez R. Voigt J. Atema 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1999,185(5):427-436
To understand how chemoreceptor organs may extract temporal information from odor plumes, we investigated the frequency filter
properties of lobster chemoreceptor cells. We used rapid stimulation and high-resolution stimulus measurement for accurate
stimulus control and recorded extracellular responses from chemoreceptors in the lobster lateral antennule in situ. We tested
16 hydroxyproline-sensitive cells with a series of ten 100-ms pulses at 10, 100 and 1000 μmol l−1 at stimulation frequencies from 0.5 Hz to 4 Hz. Receptor cell responses could accurately encode 10 μmol l−1, but not 100 or 1000 μmol l−1 pulses, delivered at rates of 4 Hz. Flicker-fusion frequency and synchronization with the stimulus pulse train were concentration
dependent: performance rates above 1 Hz became poorer both with increasing pulse amplitude and frequency. Flicker fusion frequency
was 3 Hz for 100 μmol l−1 pulses and 2 Hz for 1000 μmol l−1 pulses. Individual cells showed differences in their stimulus pulse following capabilities, as measured by the synchronization
coefficient. These individual differences may form a basis for coding temporal features of an odor plume in an across-fiber
pattern.
Accepted: 7 July 1999 相似文献
137.
Gerhard Reich Ingrid Boekhoff Heinz Breer Barry W. Ache 《Journal of neurochemistry》1999,73(1):147-152
An elevated free Ca2+ concentration reduces odor-stimulated production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the outer dendritic membranes of lobster olfactory receptor neurons in vitro. This effect can occur within 50 ms of odor stimulation. The effect is concentration-dependent at submicromolar concentrations of free Ca2+. An elevated free Ca2+ concentration also reduces basal and forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that Ca2+ is not targeting the activation of the odor receptor/G protein complex. The degradation of synthetic cAMP by phosphodiesterases is not enhanced by an increased free Ca2+ concentration, suggesting that Ca2+ acts by down-regulating the olfactory adenylyl cyclase. Western blot analysis of the lobster olfactory sensilla that contain the outer dendrites reveals a protein in the transduction zone with a molecular mass of approximately 138 kDa that is immunoreactive to an antiserum against adenylyl cyclase type III. Given earlier evidence that Ca2+ potentially enters the receptor cell through odor-activated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated channels, our results suggest a possible route for cross talk between the cyclic nucleotide and the inositol phospholipid signaling pathways in lobster olfactory receptor neurons. 相似文献
138.
B. Pophof T. Gebauer G. Ziegelberger 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2000,186(3):315-323
An earlier study (Pophof 1998) showed that the esterase inhibitor decyl-thio-trifluoropropanone inhibited the responses of
two receptor neurons of the moth Antheraea polyphemus tuned to straight-chain pheromone components, an acetate and an aldehyde, respectively. Here we report that decyl-thio-trifluoropropanone
also inhibited the responses of two pheromone receptor neurons of Bombyx mori to bombykol and bombykal. In contrast, decyl-thio-trifluoropropanone activated receptor neurons of the moth Imbrasia cytherea tuned to the pheromone component (Z)-5-decenyl 3-methyl-butanoate. However, decyl-thio-trifluoropropanone did not affect the responses of two receptor neurons
of B. mori females specialized to the plant volatiles benzoic acid and linalool, respectively. These results indicate that decyl-thio-trifluoropropanone,
besides inhibiting the sensillar esterase, interferes with proteins involved specifically in the excitation of pheromone receptor
neurons. In binding studies with radiolabelled decyl-thio-trifluoropropanone, the inhibitor was bound by the pheromone-binding
protein of A. polyphemus. However, the amount of decyl-thio-trifluoropropanone causing response inhibition was 300 times lower than the amount of
pheromone-binding protein present in the sensilla. Since the amount of decyl-thio-trifluoropropanone adsorbed corresponded
to about the maximum number of receptor molecules calculated per sensillum, we expect that decyl-thio-trifluoropropanone,
probably in complex with pheromone-binding protein, competitively inhibits the pheromone receptor molecules.
Accepted: 8 January 2000 相似文献
139.
Rabbits handled around nursing time during the first week after birth show reduced fear response toward humans. Our earlier attempt to reduce the duration of daily treatment necessary to achieve this effect showed that even a minimal human contact, characteristic of animal caretaking in intensive rabbitries, results in reduced fearfulness. Being descendants of a nocturnal mammal species, olfactory cues are of central importance in rabbits, especially just after parturition, when the other sensory organs are undeveloped. In the present experiment, we investigated whether exposing newborn rabbit pups to human smell at nursing time is sufficient to reduce fear of humans in rabbits. For this, we exposed rabbit pups to one of the following handling treatments in the first week of life: (1) full handling, within 0.5 h after nursing, which consisted of removing the pups from the nest and weighing them (about 5 min/litter), (2) exposing rabbit pups to the smell of humans for about 5 min/litter, without touching them, (3) untreated controls. At 28 days of age, the timidity of the pups was measured in a 5 min approach test. Pups that were either handled or exposed to human smell appeared to be equally less fearful as they approached the experimenter's hand with a lower latency and more frequently than untreated controls. This indicates that olfactory exposure during handling results in imprinting even without a human contact in rabbits. 相似文献
140.
M. Lemaire R. Chase 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1997,182(1):81-87
In Helix aspersa the posterior tentacles house a sensitive olfactory organ. We studied two types of tentacular movements, twitch and quiver.
A twitch is a brief retraction (mean duration, 4.1 s); a quiver is a rapid lateral movement (350 ms) unaccompanied by retraction.
We videotaped the tentacles while snails explored an open field. When an attractive odor source, linalool, was present at
one side of the arena, the snails consistently moved towards it. By contrast, if only the carrier substance was present the
snails moved in random directions. Twitching was 50 times more frequent during linalool trials than during control trials,
while quivering was 1.4 times more frequent. Twitching increased steadily and dramatically as snails approached the linalool
source and, in the temporal dimension, the maximum rate of twitching occurred when the snails arrived at the odor source.
Quivers occurred at a fairly constant rate. Twitching is interpreted as a mechanism to remove odor molecules trapped in the
liquid covering of the olfactory epithelium, thus resulting in better temporal resolution for olfactory perception. Quivering
may be a mechanism to increase access of odor molecules to receptors by decreasing the boundary layer at the surface of the
tentacle.
Accepted: 24 May 1997 相似文献