Muscle contributions to recovery from forward loss of balance by stepping

The purpose of this study was to determine the muscular contributions to the stepping phase of recovery from forward loss of balance in 5 young and 5 older adults that were able to recover balance in a single step, and 5 older adults that required multiple steps. Forward loss of balance was achieved by releasing participants from a static forward lean angle. All participants were instructed to attempt to recover balance by taking a rapid single step. A scalable anatomical model consisting of 36 degrees-of-freedom was used to compute kinematics and joint moments from motion capture and force plate data. Forces for 94 muscle actuators were computed using static optimisation and induced acceleration analysis was used to compute individual muscle contributions to net lumbar spine joint, and stepping side hip joint and knee joint accelerations during recovery. Older adults that required multiple recovery steps used a significantly shorter and faster initial recovery step and adopted significantly more trunk flexion throughout recovery compared to the older single steppers. Older multiple steppers also produced significantly more force in the stance side hamstrings, which resulted in significantly higher hamstring induced flexion accelerations at the lumbar spine and extension accelerations at the hip. However since the net joint lumbar spine and hip accelerations remained similar between older multiple steppers and older single steppers, we suggest that the recovery strategy adopted by older multiple steppers was less efficient as well as less effective than for older single steppers.     

ANTHROPOMETRIC DETERMINANTS OF ROWING ERGOMETER PERFORMANCE IN PHYSICALLY INACTIVE COLLEGIATE FEMALES

The aim of the study was to evaluate anthropometric characteristics as determinants of 500 m rowing ergometer performance in physically inactive collegiate females. In this cross-sectional study, which included 196 collegiate females aged 19-23 years not participating in regular physical activities, body mass (BM), body height (BH), length of upper limbs (LA), length of lower limbs (LL), body mass index (BMI), slenderness index (SI), and the Choszcz-Podstawski index (CPI) were measured and a stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed. Participants performed 500 m maximal effort on a Concept II rowing ergometer. BM, BH, LA, LL, and the BMI, SI and CPI indices were found to be statistically significant determinants of 500 m performance. The best results (T) were achieved by females whose BH ranged from 170 to 180 cm, with LA and LL ranging from 75 to 80 cm and 85 to 90 cm, respectively. The best fitting statistical model was identified as: T = 11.6793 L_R – 0.1130 L_R² – 0.0589 L_N² + 29.2157 CPI² + 0.1370 LR·LN - 2.6926 LR·CPI – 211.7796. This study supports a need for additional studies focusing on understanding the importance of anthropometric differences in rowing ergometer performance, which could lead to establishing a better quality reference for evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness tested using a rowing ergometer in collegiate females.     

大学生解脲脲原体和人型支原体正常携带状况研究

目的探讨解脲脲原体(Uu)和人型支原体(Mh)在大学生中的正常携带状况.方法采用培养法对314名未婚统招大学生和232名已婚成教大学生进行解脲脲原体和人型支原体的检测.结果未婚大学生和已婚大学生泌尿生殖道支原体检出率分别为12.10%和22.41%,后者明显高于前者(x2=10.31,P＜0.005);已婚男、女大学生泌尿生殖道支原体检出率(分别为17.44%和27.78%)明显高于未婚男、女大学生检出率(分别为8.33%和16.44%,x2=5.84、4.77P＜0.05).未婚男、女大学生之间泌尿生殖道支原体检出率差异有显著性(y2=4.82,P＜0.05),而已婚男、女大学生之间泌尿生殖道支原体检出率差异无显著性(x2=3.34,P＞0.05).已婚和未婚大学生泌尿生殖道支原体检出者中均以同时携带Uu和Mh较为常见.结论在校大学生中也有一部分人正常携带Uu和/或Mh,从他(她)们体内检出Uu和/或Mh一般不代表疾病状态.     

试论大学生心理健康教育的四大误区

心理健康教育是大学生素质教育不可或缺的一部分,当前大学生心理健康教育存在着四大误区:标准误区、目标误区、操作误区和评价误区。这些误区制约着大学生心理健康教育的发展。高校要遵循教育规律,结合大学生的心理发展特点,正确把握心理健康的内涵,明确心理健康教育的目标,采用积极的评价方式,正确实施心理健康教育,方能走出误区,切实地促进大学生身心和谐发展和心理素质的全面提高。     

实施先学后教、师生互教教学模式的体会

在有害微生物控制技术课程实施先学后教、师生互教教学模式,经过教师4个阶段的引导,营造了愉快和谐的教学氛围,较好地实现了师生间的有效互动.这种教学模式确定了学生在学习过程中的主体地位,有利于培养学生自主学习、表达交流沟通等多方面的能力,增强他们的竞争与合作意识及质疑问难精神,同时也可促进教师角色转变,教学策略与技能改进.     

医学留学生生物化学实验教学的实践与探索

随着国际交流与合作的日益频繁,留学生教育已成为中国高等教育的一个重要组成部分,生物化学实验是医学留学生的必修重要课程之一,因此,生物化学实验课的教学质量对学生的全面发展非常重要。通过对留学生生物化学实验教学的实践,根据留学生自身的特点和生物化学实验课程的特点,对我校留学生的生物化学实验教学进行了有益的实践与探索。结果显示留学生生物化学实验课的教学质量取得了显著提高。     

Teaching Evolution Concepts to Early Elementary School Students

State and national standards call for teaching evolution concepts as early as kindergarten, which provides motivation to continue developing science instruction and curriculum for young learners. The importance of addressing students’ folk theories regarding science justifies teaching evolution early in K-12 education. In this project, we developed, implemented, and researched standards-based lessons to teach elements of evolution (speciation and adaption) to kindergarteners and second graders. Our lessons attended to the students’ prior knowledge, and utilized inquiry and modeling to teach and assess their ability to recognize patterns of similarity and differences among organisms. Using their products and comments as evidence, it was apparent the students were able to communicate recognition of patterns and effectively apply their knowledge in near transfer activities, indicating they achieved our learning objectives. This provides support for teaching evolution concepts in the early grades and evidence of the ability for young children to effectively engage in supported inquiry and modeling for learning science.     

合成生物学底盘微生物细胞的应用及其生物安全在创新型本科生培养中的实践

本科生创新能力培养是"双一流"建设人才培养的重要组成部分。合成生物学是一门新兴多学科交叉领域,被誉为可改变世界的十大新技术领域之一。构建高版本底盘微生物细胞和利用底盘细胞人工合成细胞工厂是合成生物学的重要组成部分。以实现创新型本科生为培养目标,我们将合成生物学底盘微生物细胞技术融入人才培养环节,通过组织学生参加国际遗传工程机器设计竞赛、主持大学生创新创业训练项目以及完成本科生毕业设计课题等多元化途径,提高学生理论联系实际及创新实践能力。同时,由于底盘微生物细胞是基因组经过精简、优化或其基因通路被改变的细胞,其应用存在一定的生物安全风险。我们通过将安全教育纳入培养大纲和教学计划、出版实验室安全与操作规范专业教材、开发虚拟仿真实验项目、建立实验室准入制度和信息化管理体系,以及针对底盘微生物细胞从购买、管理、规范使用和废弃物处理等进行生物安全教育等系列举措,规范底盘微生物细胞应用的生物安全。这些实践为培养创新型本科生提供了一个强有力的途径和有效保障,也为合成生物学的发展提供了支持,并有助于培养新的生力军。     

提高临床医学生微生物检验见习教学质量的探索与实践

临床微生物室见习是临床医学专业学生了解微生物检验的重要窗口,提高其见习教学质量,使其认识到微生物检验在感染性疾病诊治中的作用。除了系统介绍临床微生物检验的工作内容及流程外,我们更注重临床医生与微生物检验的密切联系,强调临床医生对微生物检验前质量控制的重要性。案例教学法联合问题导向教学法,将临床感染病例与微生物检验紧密结合。举例讲解临床医生该如何正确解读微生物检验报告结果,从而合理选择抗菌药物进行有效的抗感染治疗。最后提醒临床医学生注意生物安全及医院感染的发生。通过我们的见习教学,临床医学生表示获益颇丰,意识到微生物检验对感染性疾病诊治的重要作用。