串番茄果实货架期间与耐贮性有关的生理特性的变化

串番茄品种随着货架期延长,果实硬度、果肉硬度、原果胶含量逐渐下降;可溶性果胶含量逐渐上升;多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性呈峰值变化,变化幅度小于普通番茄.     

东海大陆架鱼类群落的空间结构

根据1997～2000年东海大陆架水深30～200米海域4个航次的底拖网调查资料,运用多元分析(聚类分析和非度量多维标度(NMDS))、SIMPER以及BIO-ENV方法分析了东海鱼类群落的空间格局以及与非生物环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,东海大陆架海域鱼类群落在空间上可分为3个群落类型,分别为东海近海群落、东海大陆架外缘群落以及这两个群落之间的东海大陆架混合群落。东海大陆架鱼类群落的种类组成沿着水深梯度的变化明显,每种鱼类均有一定的水深范围。不同的流系具有不同的温盐特征,影响了鱼类的分布及其洄游,从而控制了不同鱼类群落类型的种类组成。东海大陆架鱼类群落类型中,大陆架外缘群落类型各调查季节在空间分布和种类组成上相对稳定,而东海近海群落类型和东海大陆架混合群落类型在夏季融合在一起,其它季节保持各自的空间结构。同时东海陆架区只在一种群落类型中出现的鱼类相对较少,多数鱼类同时出现在两个群落类型中或3个群落类型中,但是它们相对较集中的区域明显不同,在不同群落类型中的生物量和出现频率有很大的差异,这些鱼类在其不同的生长发育阶段由于对海洋环境的不同需求,它们根据繁殖或摄食需求而在东海陆架区范围内洄游以寻找最适的海洋环境,因此对3个群落类型定义是相对的,很难严格确定一个永久的鱼类群落地理区域,以形成相互隔离的鱼类群落,而且鱼类群落之间的边界随着季节不同发生变化。     

2012年夏季挪威海和格陵兰海浮游植物群落结构的色素表征

对2012年中国第5次北极科学考察期间的挪威海和格陵兰海两个断面的光合色素进行了高效液相色谱（HPLC）分级分析,通过藻类色素化学分类分析软件（CHEMTAX）获得了不同浮游植物类群对叶绿素a的贡献,进而得到该海域表层和次表层（30 m）的浮游植物群落结构。结果表明：表层总叶绿素a的浓度为23.59 ng/L,低于次表层的30.38 ng/L,其中浮游植物根据粒径划分对总叶绿素a的贡献由高到低依次是微型浮游植物、小型浮游植物和微微型浮游植物。该海域同时存在葱绿叶绿素（Prasino）、墨角藻黄素（Fuco）、别藻黄素（Allo）、多甲藻素（Perid）、玉米黄素（Zea）、19-丁墨甲藻黄素（19’BF）和19-六已墨甲藻黄素（19’HF）等色素,其浓度和分布与温盐和营养盐等环境因子存在一定的相关性。不同粒径浮游植物色素组成显示,微微型浮游植物群落中以S型定鞭藻（28%）、N型定鞭藻（21%）、硅藻（18%）和青绿藻（12%）占优;微型浮游植物群落的优势类群为S型定鞭藻（53%）、N型定鞭藻（20%）和硅藻（12%）;而小型浮游植物群落主要为硅藻（63%）和甲藻（17%）。     

Numbering the nationalities: ethnic minorities in Norwegian population censuses 1845-1930

Between 1845 and 1930 the relatively small minority groups in Norway - the Samis and Kvens - were counted in Norwegian censuses on the basis of 'objective' criteria settled by the State's Central Bureau of Statistics. The censuses data supplied a foundation for the repressive policy towards minorities. But in identifying alien nationalities within the Norwegian borders, the census classifications also contributed in shaping the boundaries between the Norwegians and 'the others'. Especially the construction of mixed categories reveals substantial changes in this period. In the last part of the nineteenth century, their categorization was based mostly on language, and the distinctions that were made between Norwegians and minorities were largely cultural. The more pronounced race rhetoric of the interwar period re-shaped the concepts of nationalities and brought about a much greater emphasis on purely genealogical factors.     

Ecological indicators and functional groups of copepod assemblages

Copepods are important ecological indicators of ecosystem functioning. In this study, we analyzed the structure of copepod assemblages and cross-shelf patterns based on functional traits and indicator value analysis. Copepod samples were collected from 54 stations distributed along the inner, middle, and outer continental shelves covering a wide geographical area (20,100 km²). Overall, 38 species were identified: 20 Calanoida, 14 Cyclopoida, and 4 Harpacticoida. Copepod density was the highest in the inner shelf profile, with richness and diversity being higher on the outer shelf close to the shelf break. The results suggest that there is a gradient of zooplankton distribution even on narrow (<50 km) continental shelves. The cluster analysis of the stations showed a tendency to form three groups largely corresponding to physical location. Two major functional groups were identified, sorted by spawning strategy. These were subdivided according to the trophic regime and feeding strategy. Temora turbinata (alien species), Clausocalanus furcatus, and Ditrichocorycaeus amazonicus (native species) were found to be ecological indicators. These species have different functional traits and distinct cross-shelf distributions, where the alien species dominates the turbid coastal waters, and C. furcatus is an indicator of outer-shelf waters. Thus, these species can be considered ecological indicators of the different continental shelf waters. The results indicate that it is necessary to understand the functional diversity and ecological indicators of copepods, considering their importance for the basis of marine food webs.     

Sea power and the law of the sea: The need for a contextual approach

On May 25, 2005, Ireland lodged the first example of a so-called “partial submission” to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in respect of an allegedly “undisputed” area of seabed beyond 200 nm limits sandwiched between disputed and extensive seabed claims to the north (Hatton-Rockall Area) by Denmark/Faroes and Iceland, and an as yet undelimited seabed area to the south (the Celtic Shelf) where the United Kingdom, France, and Spain may also have seabed claims. This article considers the problems that may arise even from this supposedly uncontroversial type of submission in the light of the diplomatic reaction by both Denmark/Faroes and Iceland in August 2005.     

Whale Sanctuaries: An Evolving Concept within the International Whaling Commission

This article analyzes the practice of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) up to 2003 in establishing and regulating international whale sanctuaries, in order to ascertain whether an evolution has taken place in the conservation approach involved. An examination will be made of the IWC's decisions, resolutions, and reports of the Annual Meeting, and of recent proposals presented to the IWC. The results will lead to the identification of a corpus of legal documents supporting the conclusion that an evolution from the mere prohibition of commercial catches to a more comprehensive protection through international whale sanctuary has taken place, even if it has been in a slow and reactive manner.­