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21.
Cellulose- and xylan-degrading enzymes of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 induced by, sophorose, xylobiose, cellulose and xylan were analyzed by isoelectric focusing. The sophorose-induced enzyme system contained two types of endo-1,4--glucanases (EC 3.2.1.4), one specific for cellulose and the other non-specific, hydrolyzing both cellulose and xylan, and exo-1,4--glucanases (cellobiohydrolases I, EC 3.2.1.91), i.e. all types of glucanases that are produced during growth on cellulose. Specific endo-1,4--xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) present in the cellulose-containing medium were less abundant in the sophorose-induced enzyme system. Xylobiose and xylan induced only specific endo-1,4--xylanases. It is concluded that syntheses of cellulases and -xylanases in T. reesei QM 9414 are under separate control and that the non-specific endo-1,4--glucanases are constituents of the cellulose-degrading enzyme system. 相似文献
22.
Factor XIII-mediated cross-linking of NH2-terminal peptide of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor to fibrin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The NH2-terminal 12-residue peptide of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor, Asn-Gln-Glu-Gln-Val-Ser-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gly-Leu-Lys-NH2 . AcOH, was found to be a good substrate for plasma transglutaminase (activated blood coagulation factor XIII) and rapidly incorporated into fibrin by the enzyme. A high concentration of the peptide inhibited the enzyme-mediated cross-linking of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor to fibrin probably by competing with the inhibitor for the same site of fibrin alpha-chain. 相似文献
23.
Annie Giraud Simone Bouchilloux 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1983,111(2):353-359
The synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was investigated in porcine thyroid cells under the influence or not of thyrotropin. After labelling with [3H] glucosamine and [35S] , enriched GAG-fractions prepared from culture media, cells, and eventually substrate adhering materials, were analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis combined with specific degradations. They comprised heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid together with an unknown sulfated component labile to endo-β-galactosidase. Whereas global labellings of newly made GAGs were not significantly modified by thyrotropin, we reproducibly observed with the hormone a substantial increase in the proportion of hyaluronic acid [3H] label and, when cells organized into follicles, of the proportion of cell-associated [3H] GAGs. This system thus offers an interesting model to study how the responsiveness to an hormone and the reorganization that follows might implicate specific glycoconjugates. 相似文献
24.
The interaction between the oxidized forms of cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) has been investigated by 1H-NMR longitudinal relaxation measurements. It is found that relaxation of methyl groups on the heme ring of cytochrome c markedly deviates from a simple exponential behavior in the presence of small amounts of cytochrome oxidase. A comparison with the relaxation behavior of cytochrome c modified by 4-carboxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl at Lys-13 shows that the oxidase induces a conformation in native cytochrome c that is closely related to that of the derivative. It is suggested that this change in conformation consists of a rupture of the salt bridge between Lys-13 and Glu-90 and a concomitant perturbation of the methionine ligand. 相似文献
25.
J. van Brederode O. Mastenbroek 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1983,64(2):151-153
Summary The concerted action of two flavone-skeleton modifying genes, P and Me, and the alleles of three independently segregating loci g, gl and fg involved in flavone-glycosylation lead to the 33 different flavones so far identified in Silene. The alleles of the different loci involved in flavone-glycosylation control enzymes which differ in substrate specificity, a phenomenon not often described in higher organisms. The alleles of the different loci are variously distributed over the different species. The possible evolutionary implications of these distributions are discussed. 相似文献
26.
Metarhizium anisopliae was grown on six complex mycological media and on three types of rice at three moisture levels to determine the effect of growth substrate on conidial yield, viability, and virulence against mosquitoes immediately after spore maturation and after the storage of conidia at four different temperature-relative humidity (RH) combinations over a 1-year period. Conidial yields varied with the mycological media, but the viability and virulence of conidia against mosquitoes produced on all substrates were similar when spores were stored under the same conditions. The storage conditions were more critical to spore survival and virulence than the substrate upon which conidia were produced. The comparison of rice types for conidial production indicated that conidial yield, viability, and virulence to mosquitoes were more dependent upon the moisture level during growth and on the storage conditions that upon the rice used. The best storage conditions among those tested for the retention of both spore viability and virulence against mosquitoes were 19°C–97% RH and 4°C–0% RH. 相似文献
27.
Hermann Koepsell Günter Fritzsch Klaus Korn Andrzej Madrala 《The Journal of membrane biology》1990,114(2):113-132
Summary Time courses of phlorizin binding to the outside of membrane vesicles from porcine renal outer cortex and outer medulla were measured and the obtained families of binding curves were fitted to different binding models. To fit the experimental data a model with two binding sites was required. Optimal fits were obtained if a ratio of low and high affinity phlorizin binding sites of 1:1 was assumed. Na+ increased the affinity of both binding sites. By an inside-negative membrane potential the affinity of the high affinity binding site (measured in the presence of 3 mM Na+) and of the low affinity binding site (measured in the presence of 3 or 90 mM Na+) was increased. Optimal fits were obtained when the rate constants of dissociation were not changed by the membrane potential. In the presence of 90 mM Na+ on both membrane sides and with a clamped membrane potential,K
D values of 0.4 and 7.9 M were calculated for the low and high affinity phlorizin binding sites which were observed in outer cortex and in outer medulla. Apparent low and high affinity transport sites were detected by measuring the substrate dependence ofd-glucose uptake in membrane vesicles from outer cortex and outer medulla which is stimulated by an initial gradient of 90 mM Na+(out>in). Low and high affinity transport could be fitted with identicalK
m values in outer cortex and outer medulla. An inside-negative membrane potential decreased the apparentK
m ofhigh affinity transport whereas the apparentK
m of low affinity transport was not changed. The data show that in outer cortex and outer medulla of pighigh and low affinity Na+-d-glucose cotransporters are present which containlow and high affinity phlorizin binding sites, respectively. It has to be elucidated from future experiments whether equal amounts of low and high affinity transporters are expressed in both kidney regions or whether the low and high affinity transporter are parts of the same glucose transport moleculc. 相似文献
28.
Andreas Faissner Jan Kruse Klaus Kühn Melitta Schachner 《Journal of neurochemistry》1990,54(3):1004-1015
The J1 glycoproteins can be obtained in multiple forms in the soluble fraction of developing and adult mouse brain tissue. They are recovered as two forms of apparent molecular weights of 160,000 and 180,000 (J1-160) from adult mouse brain and as forms of apparent molecular weights of 200,000 and 220,000 (J1-220) from developing brain. J1-160 and J1-220 share common epitopes but are considered as separate entities, with J1-220 being immunochemically closely related if not identical to tenascin. Based on the observation that J1 immunoreactivity appears on basement membrane and interstitial collagens after denervation of the neuromuscular junction in adult rodents, we became interested in investigating the binding properties of J1 glycoproteins to extracellular matrix constituents in vitro. Both J1-160 and J1-220 bound to collagens type I-VI and IX but not to laminin, fibronectin, bovine serum albumin, or gelatin under hypotonic buffer conditions. Under isotonic buffer conditions, J1-220 bound to all collagen types, whereas J1-160 bound only to collagen types V and VI with values that could be examined by Scatchard analysis. Binding of J1-220 to collagens displayed two binding constants (KD) between 1.5 and 4.4 X 10(-9) and 1.8 and 5.5 X 10(-8) M, respectively, under hypotonic buffer conditions and a single KD of 2.1-8.0 X 10(-8) M under isotonic buffer conditions. Binding of J1-160 to collagens had an apparent KD of 1.9-8.0 X 10(-9) M under hypotonic buffer conditions. Under isotonic buffer conditions, binding constants of J1-160 to collagen types V and VI were approximately 2 X 10(-8) M. Binding of J1-220 to collagen type I could be inhibited by J1-220, J1-160, and collagen type VI but not by fibronectin or gelatin. Conversely, binding of J1-160 was inhibited by J1-220, J1-160, and collagen type VI (in order of decreasing efficacy of competition). J1-160 and J1-220 were retained on a heparin-agarose column and eluted in a salt gradient at approximately 0.5 M NaCl. The formation of the J1-heparin complexes was inhibited 100-fold more efficiently by heparin than by chondroitin sulfate. These experiments show that J1 glycoproteins resemble in many respects the extracellular matrix constituents fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, and von Willebrand factor. 相似文献
29.
Gordon C. K. Roberts 《Neurochemical research》1996,21(9):1117-1124
NMR spectroscopy has proved to be a valuable tool in the study of the interactions between enzymes and their substrates. The
kinds of structural and dynamic information which can be obtained are illustrated by studies of three enzymes involved in
drug metabolism. Cytochromes P450 play a crucial role in metabolism of a wide range of exogenous chemicals. NMR has been used to measure distances from the
haem iron of the cytochrome to protons of the bound substrate, leading to detailed structural models for the enzyme-substrate
complexes. The other two enzymes, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and β-lactamase, are responsible for bacterial resistance
to specific antibiotics. In chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, NMR has been used to determine the conformation of coenzyme
A bound to the enzyme, while in the case of β-lactamase the pK of a specific lysine residue at the active site has been determined,
providing valuable information on the catalytic mechanism.
Special issue dedicated to Dr. Herman Bachelard. 相似文献
30.
Sulabha S. Keskar Sushama M. Gaikwad M.Islam Khan 《Enzyme and microbial technology》1996,18(8):602-604
Microbial α-mannosidases are used in the analysis of glycopeptides and the developmental regulation of lysosomal enzymes. This survey presents comparison of properties of this high molecular weight, oligomeric protein from a number of microbial sources. 相似文献