Studies of Seedling Inoculation of Frankia in Elaeagnus mollis Diels

The research on the preparation of Frankia solution, seedling culture and inoculation was carried out. Results indicated that the collective amount of cells may be increased when the logarithm phase cells were used as the inoculum and regularly homogenizing and transplanting inoculum by the method of magnetic stirring were adopted during the cultural process of Frankia. The inoculative tests verified that the strain with the highest ability to infect Elaeagnus mollis Diels is SIB 1301118 isolated from Elaeagnus angustifolia L. other than SIB 1332281 isolated from Elaeagnus mollis Diels. The effectivities of inoculation for germinating seeds and the seedlings to be transplanted were seed soaking and root soaking in Frankia solution preparel respectively. Early inoculation was beneficial to the growth and nodulation of seedings. The fefectivity of late inoculation was bad. Sand-soil mixture (2:1) was properly suitable to the seed germination and seedling growth. The seedling growth and nodulative rate could be promoted when 1/4 Sileris-Yong nutrient solution was suppplimented regularly.     

厚荚相思根瘤菌对盆栽苗木生长及土壤肥力的影响

从不同立地条件采集到的厚荚相思根瘤分离出9株根瘤菌株,接种于厚荚相思幼茁,6个月后测定苗木生长量及土壤N、P、K含量。试验结果表明：接菌桃株的高生长量、生物量都比对照(未接种根瘤菌)增加,其巾高生长量除R2外,增加幅度为0．89～40．18％,生物量增加52．33～147．67％,接种结瘤率、瘤的生物量也比对照高,结瘤率可达100％,根瘤生物量比对照高163．6～520％。土壤N、P、K元素分析结果表明,接种根瘤菌后土壤的营养元素发生了很大的变化,改善了土壤肥力。通过对接种不同菌株的厚荚相思苗木的茁高、生物量、土壤的全氮、速效磷、速效钾等元素的含量比较分析后筛选出R6和R7菌株为优良菌株。     

Tree species diversity and forest structure in relation to microtopography in a tropical freshwater swamp forest in French Guiana

Diversity of tree association and forest structure were analysed in relation to microtopography and flooding intensity in a tropical freshwater swamp forest in the Sinnamary river basin, French Guiana. A 530-m-long vegetation transect was established through a hummock-hollow terrain. Nine 10 m× 50 m sample plots, perpendicular to the main transect, were located so that each was as microtopographically uniform as possible. Trees with dbh (diameter at 1.3 m) 10 cm were censused in all plots and trees with 2 cm dbh < 10 cm in three plots. Sixty tree species belonging to 39 genera and 30 families were recorded. The study area was divided into low and high sites according to microtopography and flooding intensity. According to the Czekanowski similarity matrix, the tree association in low, most frequently flooded, sites differed from that in the high sites under intermediate or low flooding intensity. The low sites had higher stand density and lower species richness than the high sites. Trees with dbh 10 cm in low sites were small and stand basal area (SBA) was about the same in low (69.6 m² ha^–1) and high (64.3 m² ha^–1) sites. The low areas were dominated by Pterocarpus officinalis (38% of stems with dbh 10 cm and 36% of SBA) and Malouetia tamaquarina (26 and 15%). Diospyros guianensis (13.4% of stems with dbh 10 cm and 6.1% of SBA), a Caraipa sp. (14.0 and 7.9%), Lecythis corrugata (6.6 and 3.5%) and emergent Caryocar microcarpum (0.9 and 13.9%) were abundant in high sites. Nodulated legume trees, P. officinalis, Hydrochorea corymbosa and Inga disticha, comprised 44% of stems in the low sites. The abundant nodulation suggests that symbiotic dinitrogen fixation may be an adaptation to N-depleted waterlogged soils. Other adaptive responses were litter accumulation between the buttresses of P. officinalis, which formed hummocks above surface water, and clonal growth habit of M. tamaquarina, which resulted in formation of monospecific groves in low sites.     

费氏中华根瘤菌HN01DL在大豆根圈能定殖动态与结瘤研究

以发光酶基因luxAB为标记,在根盒缩影条件下研究了费氏中华根瘤菌HN01DL在大豆根圈的定殖动态、分布范围及其结瘤情况．结果表明,HN01DL在根盒．灭菌土壤和非灭菌土壤缩影中的大豆全根系定殖动态与水平明显不同,前者在第12d时达到最高定殖密度(8．65log cfu·g^-1),而后者的早期定殖数量下降较快,且于第15d时达到最高定殖密度(6．88log cfu·g^-1)．HN01DL在大豆播种5d后在大豆根部的A(0～4cm)区根段上达到最高定殖密度(7．05log cfu·g^-1),然后开始缓慢下降,至第19d时仍维持相对稳定,在第33d时又开始回升．至播种后第46d时HN01DL可散布至种子下方16cm处的根段部位．HN01DL在A区根段的定殖密度持续较高,所形成的发光根瘤总数(16．3个)及发光比例(68．8％)最高,且发光根瘤主要集中于该区段主根上．发光根瘤比例沿A-E区段逐渐下降,在E区段未检测到发光根瘤．     

Do single nodules of Casuarinaceae contain more than oneFrankia strain?

Summary Studies using inoculum suspensions prepared from single nodules of Casuarinaceae suggest that more than oneFrankia strain may be found in some nodules. Evidence is also presented to support the concept of intergeneric specificity in host-Frankia relations in the family Casuarinaceae.     

Position of mesquite (Prosopis spp) nodulation and nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) in 3-m long phraetophytically simulated soil columns

Summary The literature does not contain a field report of nodulation for the xerophytic tree legumes of the genus Prosopis despite their widespread occurrence in semi-arid regions of the world. A phraetophytically simulated greenhouse experiment was conducted with mesquite in a 3m deep soil column to determine if nodules would form in deper depths where moisture is more abundant. The upper 0.5m in the soil column was allowed to dry to 2200 kPa but the 3.2 m depth was maintained at soil moistures more positive than 70 kPa by water additions to the bottom of the soil column. Over 100 nodules and an acetylene reduction rate of 1.9 mg/h were observed at the 3.2m depth. Nodulation or acetylene reduction were not observed closer than 2.7m from the surface. Air temperatures during these assays exceeded 45°C. Leaf xylem water potentials were in the 2800–3500 kPa range.     

The Mimosoid tree Leucaena leucocephala can be nodulated by the symbiovar genistearum of Bradyrhizobium canariense

Leucaena leucocephala is a Mimosoid legume tree indigenous to America that has spread to other continents, although it is not still present in some European countries such as Portugal. Nevertheless, we found that this legume can be nodulated in this country by slow-growing rhizobial strains which were identified as Bradyrhizobium canariense trough the analysis of the core genes recA and glnII. The analysis of the symbiotic gene nodC showed that these strains belong to the symbiovar genistearum, which commonly nodulates Genistoid legumes. Although two strains nodulating L. leucocephala in China and Brazil were classified within the genus Bradyrhizobium, they belong to undescribed species and to the symbiovars glycinearum and tropici, respectively. Therefore, we report here for the first time the ability of L. leucocephala to establish symbiosis with strains of B. canariense sv genistearum confirming the high promiscuity of L. leucocephala, that allows it to establish symbiosis with rhizobia native to different continents increasing its invasiveness potential.