寄生云杉树蜂的枝跗瘿蜂一新种(膜翅目:瘿蜂总科:枝跗瘿蜂科)

枝跗瘿蜂科(Ibahidae)是个小科,所有种类均寄生蛀干害虫树蜂科(Siricidae)的幼虫。我国大陆的本科种类由杨忠岐1991年首次作了报道。现记述采自祁连山林区的另1新种。该种寄生于为害青海云杉(Picea crassifolia Kom.)的黄肩长尾树蜂(Xeris spec-trum spectrum)等树蜂的幼虫。新种的模式标本保存于西北林学院天敌昆虫研究室。至此,我国大陆共有本科种类3种,加上台湾的1个种,我国共有4种:     

吉林省跃度蝗属一新种：直翅目：网翅蝗科

本文报道跃度蝗属1新种。模式标本保存于东北师范大学生物系动物标本室。1.土们岭跃度蝗Podismopsis tumenlingensis,新种 雄性:体小型。头顶三角形,具中隆线,眼间距宽为触角间颜面隆起宽的2.00-2.26倍。缺头侧窝。颜面倾斜,颜面隆起侧缘近平行,中央具纵沟。触角丝状,     

云南所麻蝇属一新种记述：双翅目：麻蝇科

作者在整理1985年采集的麻蝇科标本中,发现所麻蝇属(SarcosolomoniaBaranov)1新种。模式标本分别保存于云南省卫生防疫站和军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所。     

绿褶托菇在我国首次发现

本文报道我国蘑菇科Agaricaceae的一个新记录种——绿褶托菇Clarkeinda trachodes (Berk.)Singer,该种所隶属的绿褶托菇属Clarkeinda O. Kuntze现知是个分布于热带亚洲的单型属。     

中国紫堇属大叶紫堇组的分类与分布

本文叙述大叶紫堇组在紫堇属(Corydalis)中的系统位置以及其分布区的原始性,同时记载了隶属于5个系的23种9变种和1变型,其中有4个新系,7个新种和7个新变种。     

The biogeography of three Boeckella species (Copepoda: Calanoida) in New Zealand

The New Zealand distributions of three species of Boeckella (Copepoda, Calanoida), B. triarticulata, B. dilatata and B. hamata are mapped. B. triarticulata is primarily a pond dweller but is also found in reservoirs and shallow lakes. B. dilatata is mainly found in the deeper glacial lakes and ponds in the central region of the South Island and B. hamata has a more widespread distribution in lakes and ponds in the South Island and lower half of the North Island. Differences in temperature optima, food requirements and dispersal ability among the three Boeckella species are related to vicariant events to explain their distribution in New Zealand.     

Convergence of genetic distances in a migration matrix model

A recurring problem with the use of migration matrix models of genetic differentiation has to do with their convergence properties. In practice, predictions can be drawn from these models only at equilibrium; but in the case of the standard predictors (most of which are modifications of Wright's FST), it can take an unrealistically large number of generations to approach equilibrium. An alternative set of predictors, the set of all pairwise genetic distances among the populations that define the rows and columns of the migration matrix, is investigated here. These distances are shown analytically to converge much more rapidly than the more commonly used predictors. In an application of the model to migration data on a human population from Papua New Guinea, it takes only about three to four generations for the pairwise distances to converge, in contrast to more than 100 generations for one of the standard predictors. In this case, moreover, the distances predicted by the model at equilibrium are similar to those calculated from the available genetic data.     

The isolation and characterization of ngm2, a mutation that affects nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis in yeast

Summary We have isolated and characterized a new mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, carrying a single mutant allele that we designate ngm2-1, which is defective with respect to induced mutagenesis. This mutant was isolated by screening mutagenized clones for reduced frequencies of reversion of the his1-7 allele, induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. As judged by the reversion of his1-7 and ilv1-92, ngm2-1 mutant strains are also deficient with respect to mutability induced by methyl methane sulfonate, ethyl methane sulfonate and, at least partially, by UV. UV-induced reversion of the ochre mutation arg4-17 and the frameshift mutation his4-38 was not much affected by ngm2-1, however. Like rev3 and rev7 mutations, ngm2-1 also has little influence on the reversion of the proline missense allele, cyc1-115. Ngm2-1 mutants are only at best very slightly more sensitive to the toxicity of the four mutagens used, and homozygous diploids sporulate normally.     

CSF distribution of morphine, methadone and sucrose after intrathecal injection

The lumbar to cisternal CSF distribution of morphine and methadone were compared to C-14 sucrose, a standard marker of CSF bulk flow, after lumbar subarachnoid injections in a sheep preparation. Morphine appeared and peaked simultaneously with C-14 sucrose in cisternal CSF at 90 to 190 minutes. The mean peak cisternal CSF morphine concentrations were sustained for 30-40 minutes, and averaged 148 ng/ml, representing 0.3% of the administered dose. Methadone was not detectable in cisternal CSF up to 240-300 minutes after lumbar subarachnoid administration. The C-14 sucrose/morphine ratio was increased an average of 6.7 times in cisternal CSF as compared to the ratio of the two compounds injected into the lumbar subarachnoid space. These studies demonstrate that morphine, a hydrophilic opioid, given intrathecally moves rostrally and appears in cisternal CSF by bulk flow. Furthermore the rostral redistribution of morphine is associated with the clearance of morphine from CSF. Methadone, a lipophilic opioid, appears to be completely cleared from CSF before it reaches the cisterna magna. These pharmacokinetic studies support a contribution of supraspinal sites to the analgesic and adverse effects produced by morphine given by spinal routes of administration. In contrast methadone appears to exert its effects predominantly at spinal sites.     

云南兔Lepus comus G.Allen的分类订正——包括两个新亚种的描记

云南兔Lepus comus G.Allen是云贵高原和滇西山地目前发现的唯一的一种野兔,初由G.M.Allen（1927）根据采自云南西部腾冲的标本命名。其后,国内外学者（包括G.M.Allen本人在内）对云南兔究竟是一独立种或为高原兔Lepus oiostulus（Hodgson）的一个地理亚种意见纷纭（罗泽珣,1981;高耀亭等,1964;Allen,1938;Ellerman et al.,1951;Angermann,1967;Corbet,1978。我们曾对国内有关单位所收藏的这两个类群的100余号标本进行较详细的对比研究。发现云南兔在形态上与高原兔确有明显区别,在分布上又有同域现象,因而主张仍应将云南兔保持其原定种的种级地位;同时,又查对了采于各地的云南兔所有标本,发现云南北部（丽江）至中部（景东、景谷）标本以及云南东部、南部和贵州西部标本都有异于滇西地模标本,且占有不同的地理分布区。经研究,应属两个新的亚种。其中,云南东部,南部和贵州西部的新亚种,为纪念先师彭鸿绶先生毕生献身于云、贵、川的科学考察事业和他的指导与培养,特以彭先生之姓氏命名,以资纪念。