中国四川报春花属一新种

报道了中国四川报春花属(Primula L.)一新种——小繸瓣报春(P.hydrocotylifolia G.Hao,C.M.Hu&Y.Xu)。小繸瓣报春植株无毛、无粉,叶片多少呈圆形,具纤细的叶柄,开花期叶丛基部无鳞片,球形蒴果藏于宿存花萼,成熟时裂成不规则碎片,显然属于脆蒴报春组(sect.Petiolares Pax)革叶报春亚组(subsect.Chartacea W.W.Sm.&Forrest),并与该亚组的川西繸瓣报春(P.veitchiana Petitm.)最为接近,但后者植物体的各部分均远大于此新种,花序多花,花亦较大,二者之间无过渡类型。     

中国藓类植物一新记录种——木何兰小石藓

报道了木何兰小石藓（Weissia muhlenbergiana）为中国新记录种,提供了该种详细的特征描述和显微照片以及孢子电镜扫描照片,同时比较了该种与属内近似种类的异同。     

Stonogobiops yasha, a new shrimp-associated goby from Japan

A new shrimp-associated goby, Stonogobiops yasha sp. nov., is described on the basis of nine specimens collected from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. This species is easily distinguished from other congeneric species in having reddish-orange stripes on a white body and only two median cephalic sensory pores on the head. Received: July 21, 1999 / Revised: July 10, 2001 / Accepted: July 26, 2001     

海南小遁蛛属1新种（蜘蛛目：巨蟹蛛科）

记述采自海南省乐东县尖峰岭国家自然保护区的巨蟹蛛科小遁蛛属１新种,海南小遁蛛Ｍｉｃｒｏｍｍａｔａ ｈａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

Restricted use of nitrate and a strong preference for ammonium reflects the nitrogen ecophysiology of a light‐limited red alga

Ammonium and nitrate are important sources of inorganic nitrogen for coastal primary producers. Nitrate has higher energy requirement for uptake and assimilation, compared with ammonium, suggesting that it might be a more efficient nitrogen source for slow‐growing, light‐limited macroalgae. To address this hypothesis, we examined the nitrogen ecophysiology of Anotrichium crinitum, a rhodophyte macroalgae common in low‐light habitats in New Zealand. We measured seasonal changes in seawater nitrate and ammonium concentrations and the concentration of nitrate and ammonium stored internally by A. crinitum. We determined the maximal uptake rates of nitrate and ammonium seasonally and grew A. crinitum in the laboratory with these nitrogen sources under two ecologically relevant saturating light levels. Our results show that field‐harvested A. crinitum has a high affinity for ammonium and although it will grow when supplied exclusively with nitrate, internal nitrate pools are low and it is unable to take up nitrate without several days of acclimation to saturating light. Our data predict that A. crinitum would be able to sustain growth with ammonium as the sole source of nitrogen, a strategy that would help it survive under low‐light conditions that prevail in the field.     

西畴青冈——贵州壳斗科一新记录种

报道了贵州壳斗科植物一新记录种——西畴青冈,并进行了补充描述,同时对该种的生存现状进行评价。     

Nitrogen transported to three Gorges Dam from agro-ecosystems during 1980–2000

To evaluate the effect of human activities on the amount of nitrogen (N) transported to the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), we have developed and applied a model to estimate the riverine N transport from watersheds draining into the upper Changjiang River basin. By using this model and a database of agricultural statistics, we study the temporal and spatial changes in N inputs to watersheds and surface waters. The total amount of N transported to the surface drainage waters from the agro-ecosystem in 2000 showed a 2.9-fold increase over that in 1980. Considering a constant (37%) loss rate from the river, the annual amount of N transported to the TGD from the agro-ecosystem of the Changjiang river upper basin was about 0.35 × 10⁶, 0.47 × 10⁶, 0.59 × 10⁶, 0.64 × 10⁶ and 1.01 × 10⁶ t in 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, and 2000, respectively. Further, the transported amount of new anthropogenic reactive N approximately quadrupled in 2000, while the amount of riverine N due to rural human waste varied slightly. Of the total N transported to surface drainage waters in 10 watersheds in 2000, the Jialingjiang watershed accounted for 35%; the TGD region, 15%; and the Toujiang, Wujiang and Minjiang watersheds, 11% each. In 1980, the N sources were concentrated in the rural areas surrounding Chendu City and Chongqing City; however, these sources considerably expanded in the 1990s. The increased use of synthetic fertilizers and the decrease in the fertilizer N-use efficiency are implicated as major causal factors of increased riverine N transport; the calculated amount of N transported to the main tributaries agrees well with previously reported data.     

Habitat loss, resource specialization, and extinction on coral reefs

Coral reefs worldwide are being degraded because of global warming (coral bleaching) and coastal development (sedimentation and eutrophication). Predicting the risk of species extinctions from this type of habitat degradation is one of the most challenging and urgent tasks facing ecologists. Habitat specialists are thought to be more prone to extinction than generalists; however, specialists may be more susceptible to extinction because (1) they are specialists per se, (2) they are less abundant than generalists, or (3) both. Here, I show that declines in coral abundance lead to corresponding declines in the abundance of coral‐dwelling fishes, but with proportionally greater losses to specialists than generalists. In addition, specialists have smaller initial population sizes than generalists. Consequently, specialists face a dual risk of extinction because their already small populations decline more rapidly than those of generalists. Corresponding with this increased extinction risk, I describe the local extinction of one specialist species and the near‐global extinction of another species. I conclude that habitat specialists will be the first species lost from coral reefs because their small populations suffer the most from human‐induced disturbances.     

广东发现濒危鸟类海南鳽

:1 998年 6月 1 7日、1 999年 8月 1 7日、1 999年 8月 2 6日在广东省始兴县车八岭国家级自然保护区范围内三次获得海南幼鸟各 1只 ;华南濒危动物研究所曾于 1 960年 3月 2 2日在英德县滑水山采获雄成鸟标本 1只。至此 ,广东省内存在濒危鸟类海南得到确切证实。近些年内桂南、粤北是国内仅有海南种群分布的地区     

西藏自治区发现贡山白环蛇兼记其半阴茎形态及一新色型

2019年8至9月,在西藏自治区察隅县察瓦龙乡和云南省怒江州泸水市鲁掌镇分别采集到1号和2号白环蛇属(Lycodon)标本.经过形态特征比较和线粒体Cytb基因序列分析,鉴定所采集3号标本均为贡山白环蛇(L.gongshan).此次在察隅所采集到的贡山白环蛇为西藏自治区蛇类分布新记录种.察隅标本体背以橄榄褐色为主,具不...