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91.
92.
Nutrient pulsing as a regulator of phytoplankton abundance and community composition in Galveston Bay, Texas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Erla B. Örnólfsdóttir S.Elizabeth Lumsden James L. Pinckney 《Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology》2004,303(2):197-220
Galveston Bay, Texas, is a large shallow estuary with a watershed that includes 60% of the major industrial facilities of Texas. However, the system exhibits low to moderate (2-20 μg l−1) microalgal biomass with sporadic phytoplankton blooms. Both nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) limitation of phytoplankton growth have been proposed for the estuary. However, shifts between N and P limitation of algae growth may occur due to annual fluctuations in nutrient concentrations. The primary goal of this work was to determine the primary limiting nutrient for phytoplankton in Galveston Bay. Nutrient addition bioassays were used to assess short-term (1-2 days) phytoplankton responses (both biomass and community composition) to potentially limiting nutrients. The experimental bioassays were conducted over an annual cycle using natural water collected from the center to lower part of the estuary. Total phytoplankton biomass increased in the nitrate (10 μM) additions in 11 of the 13 bioassays, but no significant increases were detected in the phosphate (3 μM)-only additions. Bioassay results suggest that the phytoplankton community was usually not phosphate limited. All major groups increased in biomass following nitrate additions but diatoms increased in biomass at a faster rate than other groups, shifting the community composition toward higher relative abundance of diatoms. The results of this study suggest that pulsed N input events preferentially favor increases in diatom biomass in this estuary. The broader implications of this study are that N pulsing events, primarily due to river discharge, play an important role in structuring the phytoplankton community in the Galveston Bay estuary. 相似文献
93.
Xiaodong Jiang Guizhong Wang Shaojing Li 《Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology》2004,312(1):89-100
The distribution and abundance of viable resting eggs of copepod Acartia pacifica in Xiamen Bay, China, were determined in the laboratory by the presence of nauplii hatched from the sediments. Sediment cores to a depth of 30 cm, sliced at 1.0 cm intervals, showed that most viable resting eggs of A. pacifica occurred near the sediment surface (0-5 cm), and the number of viable eggs sharply decreased with depth of the sediment, although resting eggs remained viable as deep as 23 cm. 210Pb analyses of the sediments indicated that the maximum age of viable eggs of A. pacifica was 20.5 years and the mean egg age was 4.3 years. The egg mortality of A. pacifica in the sediment was 0.1408 year−1, or 85.92% annual egg survival, calculated by regressing ln(egg density) on the age of the sediment. The horizontal distribution of viable resting eggs ranged from 2.27×103 to 3.85×105 m−2, with a mean value of 9.49×104 m−2. Regressions between viable eggs of A. pacifica and all fine-fraction particle size classes (at 2 μm intervals) were not significant. The accumulation of viable resting eggs that can persist for an extended period of time provided evidence for the existence of an egg bank of A. pacifica in the seabed of Xiamen Bay. 相似文献
94.
Abstract. The effect of time on natural regeneration of two salt marshes was studied in relation to plant and edaphic factors. The study was carried out in two naturally restoring salt marshes, differing in restoration time, in Txingudi (Bay of Biscay). After 20 yr, the younger salt marsh had the same plant species richness and high species similarity as a 35 yr old salt marsh (17 and 16, respectively, similarity index = 0.9), but both sites had lower species richness and similarity than a nearby natural salt marsh (36 plant species and similarity indices of 0.45 with the 35 yr old marsh and 0.46 with the 20 yr old marsh). Plant species present in the two recovering salt marshes followed a similar distribution pattern in relation to organic matter, conductivity and moisture content although this zonation differed from the natural salt marsh. The range of edaphic factors measured was also similar, but differed from those in the natural salt marsh. The process of plant species recolonization and spatial distribution might be delayed by a low probability of species arrival and by the time need for the restoration of hydrologic and edaphic factors. This study supports the necessity of long‐term monitoring in measuring coastal salt marsh restoration. 相似文献
95.
Effect of Temperature on Oxygen Consumption of the Leopard Shark, Triakis Semifasciata 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata, regularly resides in California's Tomales Bay, which is characterized by thermally different regions ranging from 10°C to 26°C during the summer. Past studies have shown that leopard sharks feed on benthic invertebrate prey similar to that of the sympatric bat ray, Myliobatis californica. Fishes' metabolic (oxygen consumption) rates typically increase with temperature increases, and we measured leopard sharks' metabolic responses and sensitivity to ambient temperature, using flow-through respirometry. Leopard shark oxygen consumption rate increased with increasing temperature, over a range of 12–24°C, with a typical temperature sensitivity (Q10 = 2.51). Whereas bat rays use a highly temperature-sensitive metabolism to efficiently feed (in warmer waters) and digest (in cooler waters) during different phases of the diel cycle, leopard sharks possess a more typical metabolic temperature sensitivity that allows for high-tide foraging, throughout the diel cycle. 相似文献
96.
农业景观中,山体是被广阔农田包围的生境岛屿,是生物多样性保护的重点地段。存在人类干扰时,决定山体植物多样性的主要因素不是面积、年龄和隔离程度,而是地形和土地利用。在这种情况下,从岛屿生物地理学的观点来理解生物多样性的分布规律是不合适的,因此本文采用直接对比分析方法对此进行说明。选择环渤海地区河北省遵化市(39°55′~40°22′ N, 117°34′~118°14′ E)境内的10个山体,从山顶到山底沿坡面设置样带。记录不同坡位的土地利用类型及宽度,分层调查各个土地利用类型的乔木层、灌木层和草本层物种丰 相似文献
97.
大亚湾水域原甲藻调查与鉴定 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
对1998年至2000年在广东省大亚湾海域所采集的样品进行了观察和分析。发现有8种原甲藻(Prorocentrum);反曲原甲藻(Prorocentrum sigmoides),海洋原甲藻(P.micans)。三角棘原甲藻(P.triestinum)。具齿原甲藻(P.mexicanum)和原甲藻未知种(P.sp)。对它们的形态特征和生态分布进行了描述。 相似文献
98.
E. N. Chernova N. K. Khristoforova D. I. Vyshkvartsev 《Russian Journal of Marine Biology》2002,28(6):387-392
The contents of heavy metals in Sargassum algae and seagrasses from Pos'et Bay in the Sea of Japan were studied. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Cr in the algae and seagrass leaves were correlated with each other. The concentrations of heavy metals in brown algae and seagrasses from Pos'et Bay were largely close to background levels. Increased contents of some metals found in macrophytes in the area of the port of Pos'et were due to local environmental pollution; around Furugel'm Island, to periodical upwelling and drift currents from the mouth of the Tumannaya River; and, at Cape Deger, to the cyclonic current. 相似文献
99.
Jonathan R. Deeds Daniel E. Terlizzi Jason E. Adolf Diane K. Stoecker Allen R. Place 《Harmful algae》2002,1(2)
The goal of this study was to test for, and partially characterize, toxic activity associated with the dinoflagellate Karlodinium micrum. Since 1996, three fish kill events associated with blooms of K. micrum have occurred at HyRock Fish Farm, an estuarine pond aquaculture facility raising hybrid striped bass on the Chesapeake Bay, MD, USA. Using an assay based on the lysis of rainbow trout erythrocytes, cultures of a Chesapeake Bay isolate of K. micrum have been shown to produce toxic substances which are released upon cell disturbance or damage. The LC50 for hemolysis of a sonicated cell suspension was 2.4×104 cells ml−1, well within the range of cell concentrations observed associated with fish kills. The toxic activity from K. micrum cells and culture filtrates was traced to two distinct fractions that co-elute with polar lipids. The LC50 for hemolysis of the larger of these two fractions (Tox A) was 284 ng ml−1 while the LC50 of the second, smaller, fraction (Tox B) was 600 ng ml−1. For comparison, the LC50 for the standard hemolysin saponin was 3203 ng ml−1. At concentrations of 800 and 2000 ng ml−1, respectively, Tox A was further shown to be ichthyotoxic to zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae (80% mortality), and cytotoxic to a mammalian GH(4)C(1) cell line (100% LDH release). At a concentration of 600 ng ml−1 Tox B was shown to be cytotoxic to a mammalian GH(4)C(1) cell line (>30% LDH release), but not ichthyotoxic to zebrafish (D. rerio) larvae up to a concentration of 250 ng ml−1. Although treatment with either algicidal copper or potassium permanganate caused significant lysis of K. micrum cells (>70%), toxic activity was released after treatment with copper and eliminated following treatment with potassium permanganate. This observation in cultures is consistent with observations made at HyRock Fish Farm where significantly higher mortality was observed following treatment of a K. micrum bloom with copper sulfate compared to treatment with potassium permanganate. This study represents the first direct evidence of the toxicity of K. micrum isolated from the Chesapeake Bay. 相似文献
100.