非小细胞肺癌中肿瘤标志物CEA、SCC、NSE表达水平的临床分析

目的分析和探讨肿瘤标志物CEA、SCC、NSE在非小细胞肺癌临床预诊中的价值。方法对83例非小细胞肺癌患者和50例健康人进行肿瘤标志物CEA、SCC、NSE检测,从非小细胞肺癌不同分期、不同病理类型及综合阳性率等方面进行观察分析。结果非小细胞肺癌组CEA阳性率各期均在50%以上,NSE阳性率随肿瘤分期递增,平均为51.8%,二者的测定值Ⅲb、Ⅳ期均明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲa期(P<0.01);SCC阳性率25%~33.3%,测定值各期差异不显著(P>0.05)。CEA以腺癌阳性率最高,测定值腺癌组明显高于其他组(P<0.01);SCC鳞癌组的阳性率和测定值均高于其他组(P<0.05);NSE鳞癌和大细胞未分化癌阳性率均在50%以上,测定值鳞癌、大细胞未分化癌和其他类型明显高于腺癌组(P<0.01)。不同病理类型综合阳性率的表达:有一项以上阳性者鳞癌为71.1%,腺癌为81.3%,大细胞未分化癌为80%,其他类型为100%。结论CEA、SCC、NSE三者联合检测综合阳性率明显提高。NSE敏感性高,特异性差,可作为肺癌早期诊断的辅助手段。     

Biochemical correlates to cortical dysplasia,gliosis, and astrocytoma infiltration in human epileptogenic cortex

The study provides detailed biochemical correlates to the common histopathological diagnoses in epilepsy. A dot immunobinding procedure was used for quantification of NSE, GFA, S-100, NCAM, NF 68 and NF 200. The material consisted of samples from 48 patients either selected for surgical treatment of partial epilepsy or for disorders not related to epilepsy. The histopthological diagnosis of the epileptic cases was: MCD (mild cortical dysplasia, microdysgenesis), gliosis, astrocytoma, ganglioglioma, oligodendroglioma and single cases. The concentration in non-epileptic white matter, in per cent of that in grey matter was: NSE, 85; GFA, 175; S-100, 117; NCAM, 43; NF 68,227 and NF 200, 173. The concentration of NSE as well as of GFA was close to normal in the specimens of the MCD and gliosis groups and of one subgroup of the astrocytomas. There was a striking inverse relationship of the GFA vs the NSE concentrations in the whole material. The concentrations of S-100 showed no such inverse relationship to NSE levels. In all the epileptic groups, total NCAM was lower than 50% of that of the non-epileptic group. The mean NF 68 and NF 200 concentration in the gliosis and astrocytoma groups was 75% of the of the non-epileptic group while the corresponding value for the MCD group was 50%. There was a positive correlation of immunochemically determined GFA and the histopathological gliosis score in the samples of epileptogenic cortex. There was no correlation between the concentration of GFA in the samples and the duration of epilepsy. The concentration of neuronal markers was relatively unaffected in the cortex of most patients with epilepsy related to MCD, gliosis and even to astrocytoma infiltration, even after years of seizures.Special issue dedicated to Dr. Claude Baxter.     

Trypanosoma brucei: preparation and some properties of a multienzyme complex catalysing part of the glycolytic pathway

After grinding Trypanosoma brucei with alumina or silicon carbide, it is possible to prepare a multienzyme complex which catalyses the breakdown of glucose to l-glycerol-3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate. The complex sediments with the postnuclear large granule fraction which pellets at 14,500g; it is also eluted in the void volume during Bio-Gel A-5m column chromatography of a cell homogenate. During isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation, the multienzyme complex bands at a density of 1.22 g/ml. Because this is the density of T. brucei microbodies, and because Triton X-100 treatment of the material greatly enhances the activities of its component enzymes, we conclude that the multienzyme complex is probably located in the microbodies of the bloodstream long slender forms of T. brucei.     

Establishment of a novel corneal endothelial cell line from domestic rabbit, Oryctolagus curiculus

To develop a rabbit corneal endothelial (RCE) cell line, in vitro culture of RCE cells was initiated from Oryctolagus curiculus corneas and a novel RCE cell line was established in this study. To initiate the primary culture of RCE cells, corneas from rabbit eyes were sliced and attached into glutin-coated wells with endothelial cell surface down. After being cultured at a time-gradient interval from 48 to 6 h, the corneal slices were detached and reattached into new wells, respectively. Cells in the wells containing only a pure population of RCE cells were collected and cultured in 20% FBS-DMEM/F12 medium con- taining chondroitin sulfate, ocular extract, epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), carboxymethyl-chitosan, N-acetylglucosamine hydrochloride, glucosamine hydrochloride, culture medium of rabbit corneal stromal cells and oxidation-degradation products of chondroitin sul- fate at 37℃, 5% CO2. The cultured RCE cells, in quadrangle and polygonal shapes, proliferated to con- fluence 3 weeks later. During the subsequent subculture, the shape of RCE cells changed gradually from polygonal to more fibroblastic. A novel RCE cell line, growing at a steady rate, with a population doubling time of 53.8 h, has been established and subcultured to passage 67. Chromosome analysis showed that the RCE cells exhibited chromosomal aneuploidy with the modal chromosome number of 44. The results of immuno-cytochemical staining with neuron specific enolase (NSE) confirmed that the RCE cells were in neuroectodermal origin. Combined with the results of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment and endothelial cell morphology recovery, it can be concluded that the cell line established here is an RCE cell line. This RCE cell line may serve as a useful tool in theoretical re- searches of mammalian corneal endothelial cells, and may also have potential application in artificial corneal endothelium development.     

Amplification of the N-myc oncogene in an adenocarcinoma of the lung

c-myc oncogene is the most extensively studied member of the myc gene family, which now consists of three characterized members, namely the c-myc, N-myc, and L-myc genes. Deregulation owing to amplification and/or rearrangements of the c-myc gene have been described in a variety of human malignancies. Several neuroblastomas have amplifications of the N-myc genes. The c-myc, N-myc, or L-myc oncogenes are also found amplified in different cell lines from small cell carcinomas of the lung. In this study, we have examined the c-myc, N-myc, and c-erbB oncogenes in 34 clinical and autopsy tumor specimens representing various histopathological types of human lung cancer, including nine small cell lung cancers. A 30-fold amplification of the N-myc gene was found in a tumor histopathologically and histochemically verified as a typical adenocarcinoma. No amplifications of the c-myc or c-erbB oncogenes were seen in any of the tumors. In the DNA of one small cell carcinoma, an extra c-myc and N-myc cross-hybridizing restriction fragment was observed, possibly owing to an amplification of a yet uncharacterized myc-related gene.     

Inhibition of heat- and chemical-induced aggregation of various proteins reveals chaperone-like activity of the acute-phase component and serine protease inhibitor human α1-antitrypsin

In vitro chaperone-like activity of the serpin family member and plasma acute-phase component human α₁-antitrypsin (AAT) has been shown for the first time. Results of light-scattering experiments demonstrated that AAT efficiently inhibits both heat- and chemical-induced aggregation of various test proteins including alcohol dehydrogenase, aldolase, carbonic anhydrase, catalase, citrate synthase, enolase, glutathione S-transferase, l-lactate dehydrogenase, and β_L-crystallin. The results suggest that the unique metastable serpin architecture enables dual function, protease inhibiton as well as chaperone activity and highlight the serpin superfamily as a possible source of additional intra- and extracellular chaperones (e.g. α₁-antichymotrypsin). The present finding is surprising in the light of the well-known role of mutated forms of AAT and other serpins in the pathogenesis of diseases called serpinopathies that featured with aberrant conformational transitions and consequent self-aggregation of serpin proteins.     

TnT-Hs和NSE在手足口病患儿中的表达水平及临床意义

目的：探讨TnT-Hs和NSE水平在手足口病患儿中的表达及临床意义。方法：选择我院2012年6月-2013年6月确诊为手足口病的住院患儿68例作为观察组,选择同期入院健康体检的68例正常儿童作为对照组,对比两组心肌钙蛋白T（TnT—Hs）与血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）水平;并对观察组EV71阳性患儿与阴性患儿TnT-Hs与NSE水平进行比较。结果：①相比健康对照组,观察组TnT-Hs与NSE水平均较高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。②EV71阳性患儿46例,阴性患儿22例,阳性患儿相比阴性患儿TnT-Hs与NSE水平较高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：Tn—T-Hs和NSE水平可反映手足口病患儿病情进展变化,其可作为早期预测手足口病患儿心肌损害及脑损伤的依据及重症病例的预警指标。     

Diagnostic and therapeutic value of progastrin‐releasing peptide on small‐cell lung cancer: A Single‐Center Experience in China

We aimed to compare the diagnostic efficiency of proGRP and NSE on SCLC and to investigate whether the change of proGRP level would predict therapeutic response. Patients who were firstly diagnosed pathologically in Nanjing Chest Hospital and measured proGRP level consecutively were enrolled in the study. ProGRP level was detected using Elecsys ProGRP Assay. Totally 75 SCLC, 234 NSCLC and 264 benign lung diseases (BLD) were enrolled. Both proGRP and NSE levels in SCLC were significantly higher than those in NSCLC and BLD, and proGRP in extensive stage SCLC was higher than which in limited stage (P ≤ .001). The diagnostic efficiency of proGRP on SCLC was higher than that of NSE, but when the two biomarkers were bind together, the diagnostic efficiency was the best. When SCLC was differentiated from NSCLC and BLD, the cut‐off values were 114.35 pg/mL and 162.55 pg/mL respectively. For treatment responsive patients, proGRP level decreased markedly after the first cycle of therapy and kept a continued momentum of decline during treatment. But for unresponsive patients, no obvious decline was observed. ProGRP had higher diagnostic efficiency on SCLC when compared to NSE, and it could better predict therapeutic response of pulmonary target lesions on chemotherapy.     

Neurone-Specific Enolase and Creatine Phosphokinase Are Protein Components of Rat Brain Synaptic Plasma Membranes

Abstract: Neuron-specific enolase and creatine phosphokinase were found, by 2-dimensional gel analysis, in rat brain synaptic plasma membranes (SPM). The identity of these enzymes was confirmed by comigration with purified rat brain NSE and CPK and by peptide analysis. The specific enzymatic activities of enolase and creatine phosphokinase, as well as of pyruvate kinase, also present on the membranes, were comparable to those in the homogenates when these three enzymes were fully activated. In the SPM all three enzymes, particularly enolase, were partially cryptic in that enzymatic activities were very low unless the membranes were treated with Triton X-100. They were resistant to both low-salt and high-salt extraction and to trypsin, except when Triton X-100 was present. These results suggest that the enzymes are tightly bound protein components of the membrane and that they may constitute an assembly capable of generating ATP.     

Scrapie-Infected Transgenic Mice Expressing a Laminin Receptor Decoy Mutant Reveal a Prolonged Incubation Time Associated with Low Levels of PrPres

The 37-kDa/67-kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR) was identified as a cell surface receptor for prion proteins. The laminin receptor mutant LRP102-295∷FLAG interfered with PrP^Sc propagation in murine neuronal cells presumably acting as a decoy in a transdominant negative fashion by trapping PrP molecules in the extracellular matrix. Here, we generated hemizygous transgenic mice expressing LRP102-295∷FLAG in the brain. Scrapie-infected transgenic mice exhibit a significantly prolonged incubation time in comparison to scrapie-infected wild-type (FVB) mice. At the terminal stage, transgenic mice revealed significantly reduced proteinase-K-resistant PrP levels by 71% compared to wild-type mice. Our results recommend the laminin receptor decoy mutant as an alternative therapeutic tool for treatment of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.