细胞数量与诱导作用的实现

Holtfreter最早用离体的外胚层制成“夹心面包”研究胚胎诱导问题,后来发展出浸泡法,这些方法一直沿用至今。但是,不论那种方法,外植块中含有很多细胞,它们的分化产物所表现的,除诱导物质对反应细胞的直接作用外,还包含着被诱导的细胞与细胞之间、组织与组织之间次级的相互作用。例如,外胚层     

解磷菌株B25的筛选、鉴定及其解磷能力

从安徽省铜陵市铜官山尾矿库木贼根际分离筛选出多株解磷细菌,经过多次筛选纯化获得一株解磷能力较好的菌株B25.采用透射电镜观察和DNA分子技术,确定此菌株属于芽孢杆菌属.研究了解磷菌株B25在培养168 h内的解磷能力、溶液pH值以及菌株生长量的变化情况,并比较了B25在不同条件下的解磷能力.结果表明：解磷菌株B25的解磷能力与溶液pH值之间存在微弱的相关性,在碳源为葡萄糖、初始pH值为7.0、培养温度为30 ℃时解磷效果较好.     

珍稀濒危蕨类植物东方水韭的遗传多样性

采用ISSR分子标记对珍稀濒危蕨类植物东方水韭和中华水韭4个自然居群共72个样品进行了DNA多态性分析。从65个随机引物中筛选出11个有效引物,共产生98条DNA片段,其中68条为多态性条带,多态位点百分率(PPL)为66.33%。东方水韭两个居群的多态位点百分比率(PPL)较低(8.16%和7.14%)。中华水韭两个居群的PPL也较低(9.18%和23.47%)。中华水韭物种水平上的PPL(51.02%)高于东方水韭(9.18%)。AMO-VA分析结果表明,东方水韭遗传变异中主要存在于居群内(94.74%),而中华水韭绝大部分的遗传变异却存在于居群间(86.71%)。东方水韭和中华水韭个体间UPGMA聚类结果表明:同一物种的个体完全能聚在一起,中华水韭的两个居群也能明显分开,而东方水韭两居群的个体并不能完全聚在一起。探讨了可能造成上述居群遗传结构模式的主要因素,同时提出今后工作中需重点解决的问题。     

东方杯叶吸虫囊蚴的体外培养和发育的研究

本文用含小鸡血清的培养基将东方杯叶吸虫脱囊后尾蚴体外培养至怀卵成虫,但虫卵不正常。添加小鸡小肠粘膜浸出液能明显提高怀卵率和产卵量,但不影响怀卵量,41℃比37℃培养结果更好;后尾蚴的发育经历了精巢、阴茎囊、卵巢和卵黄腺的形成及怀卵和产卵的过程,体外培养中虫体发育延缓。     

东方五福花的核型分析

东方五福花体细胞染色体数为２ｎ＝１０８,其中包含３２个中部着丝点染色体,２４个近中着丝点染色体,２０个近端部着丝点染色体和３２个端部着丝点染色体。其核型公式可概括为：２ｎ＝１０８＝３２ｍ＋２２ｓｍ＋２０ｓｔ＋３２ｔ。     

Effects of Temperature on Induction of Regenerative Stamens in vitro Culture,Microsporogenesis and Pollen Development in Hyacinthus orientalis L.

In order to culture the regenerated stamens of hyacinth in vitro to maturity, the effects of temperature on regeneration of stamens, microsporogenesis and pollen development were studied. Results showed: the proper temperature for stamen regeneration was 25℃. The temperature going down gradually was advantageous to the microsporogenesis and pollen development. The most suitable temperatures for differentiation of microsporocyte, meiotic division and pollen first mitosis were 20–25℃, 20℃ and 10℃ respectively. Under such temperature condition, it was possible to culture the regenerated stamens to maturity, and pollen grains in the stamens had the higher germination frequency. On the contrary, unsuitable temperature condition will make microsporogenesis and pollen development stop at certain development stage, it will finally result in pollen abortion.     

Cytological Observation on Megasporogenesis and Embryo Sac Development of Regenerated Ovule in Hyacinth

The morphogenesis of regenerated ovule and cytological changes of its megasporogenesis and embryo sac development were studied. Results showed as follows: 1. the differentiation of the regenerated ovule had followed a normal process in the order of inner integument , outer integument and then funiculus. But the form of the regenerated ovules in vitro was quite different from that of ovule in vivo. Most of the regenerated ovules were orthotropous and hemianatropous , only a few were anatropous which are the same with that in vivo. 2. the megasporogenesis and the embryo sac development also had normal cytological process ,and the Polygonum type-embryo sac consisted of one egg, two synergids , one central cell and three antipodals could be seen in mature regenerated ovule. These ex-perimental results make clear that the regenerated ovule differentiated directly from explant could accomplish the complex processes of megasporogenesis and embryo sac development. By this fact ,authors infer that once the differentiation of ovule primordium, the complex biochemical programs for the megasorogenesis and embryo sac development can be controlled by the ovule itself and need no more information from flower bud and /or plant.     

橡胶干旱胁迫对东方真叶螨发育和繁殖的影响

本研究通过明确寄主植物橡胶受干旱胁迫对重要害螨东方真叶螨Eotetranychus orientalis发育和繁殖的影响,为该螨成灾预警及有效防治提供科学依据。本试验在温度30℃±1℃、相对湿度75%±5%和光周期14 L∶10 D的人工气候室条件下,观察了寄主植物橡胶盆栽植株在重度干旱(30%≤土壤含水量W<40%)、中度干旱(40%≤W<50%)和轻度干旱(50%≤W<60%)3种干旱程度胁迫和对照处理(正常土壤墒情60%≤W<80%)条件下东方真叶螨的个体发育历期、寿命、存活和繁殖情况,组建年龄-阶段两性生命表。结果显示,干旱胁迫处理植株的东方真叶螨卵期、幼螨期、前若螨期、后若螨期及成熟前期的发育历期均短于对照处理的,但成螨寿命长于对照处理的,雌螨产卵量大于对照,并且随着干旱程度的加重其发育历期随之缩短、成螨寿命随之延长和产卵量随之增加。该螨实验种群的内禀增长率γ、周限增长率λ和净增值率R₀在重度干旱胁迫植株上的为最大,显著高于轻度干旱胁迫及对照处理植株的种群,东方真叶螨在重度、中度、轻度干旱胁迫和对照处理的内禀增长率γ分别为0.14...     

细尾高原鳅和东方高原鳅不同组织器官黑色素的分布和比较

采用组织学方法比较研究细尾高原鳅和东方高原鳅组织器官的黑色素分布特征。结果显示: 两种高原鳅头部皮肤、背部皮肤、体侧皮肤、腹膜肾脏层、脊髓腔壁层、腹膜壁层、围心腔壁层、脑颅腔壁层和眼睛均分布有黑色素;腹部皮肤、肝脏浆膜、脾脏被膜和性腺被膜未发现黑色素。皮肤中黑色素分布在真皮层和皮下组织,其他组织器官中黑色素分布在内膜层或壁层。黑色素主要分布在背侧,体侧则分布稀疏,呈现对称分布。背部和体侧皮肤有斑块处较无斑块处黑色素数量多,分布密集;无斑块处仅是部分聚集,或形成间断分布的黑色素块。同一种高原鳅不同组织器官黑色素分布不同,分布面积百分比和黑色素层厚度有显著性差异,但两种高原鳅同一组织器官黑色素分布特征相似。两种高原鳅组织器官中黑色素的分布与其接受的紫外辐射强度有关,是对高原强紫外辐射环境的适应。