浙江的水生真菌Ⅰ:中国大陆的四个丝孢菌新记录种

在浙江省天目山自然保护区的溪流中采集到四种暗色丝孢菌,即东方小短带孢Brachydesmiella orientalis,木生杯粉孢Conioscypha lignicola,球孢棒梗孢Exserticlava globosa和团聚伞集胞球枝霉Peyronelina glomerulata。其中B.orientalis和Peyronelina glomerulata是中国新记录,E.globosa和P.glomerulata为中国大陆第一次报道。本文对这四个种的特征进行了描述。     

Prevalence and Infection Intensity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Soyang-cheon (Stream), in Wanju-gun,Jeollabuk-do,Korea

We surveyed on the infection status of zoonotic trematode metacercariae (ZTM) in freshwater fishes from Soyang-cheon (a branch stream of Mangyeong-gang) in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, the Republic of Korea. A total of 927 fishes were individually examined with the artificial digestion method during 2013–2015 (462 fish in 15 spp.) and 2018–2019 (465 fish in 25 spp.). Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae were detected in 207 (31.4%) out of 659 fishes in 14 positive fish species (PFS), and their mean intensity was 114 per fish infected (PFI). Metagonimus spp. metacercariae were found in 302 (37.4%) out of 808 fishes in 21 PFS, and their mean intensity was 12 PFI. Centrocestus armatus metacercariae were detected in 222 (59.0%) out of 376 fishes in 12 PFS, and their mean intensity was 383 PFI. Echinostoma spp. metacercariae were found in 139 (22.1%) out of 628 fishes in 10 PFS, and their mean intensity was 7 PFI. Clinostomum complanatum metacercariae were detected in 14 (6.5%) out of 214 fishes in 4 PFS, and their mean intensity was 2.4 PFI. Metorchis orientalis metacercariae were detected in 36 (13.5%) out of 267 fishes in 5 PFS, and their mean intensity was 4.3 PFI. Conclusively, the prevalence and infection intensity of ZTM is generally not so high in fishes from Soyang-cheon. However, those of C. sinensis metacercariae are more or less higher in 2 fish species, Pungtungia herzi and Sarcocheilichthys variegatus wakiyae.     

东北虎豹生物多样性红外相机监测平台概述

东北虎豹生物多样性红外相机监测平台始建于2006年, 位于中国东北温带针阔混交林区, 覆盖老爷岭、张广才岭和完达山, 面积达1.5万多平方公里。平台的监测目标是从生态系统水平上对东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)、东北豹(P. pardus orientalis)、有蹄类猎物及同域分布的其他哺乳动物、森林栖息生境、环境要素和人类活动等进行全面系统的调查和观测。截至2019年6月, 平台产生视频记录超过78.5万条, 有效相机工作日173.6万多天, 记录了28种野生兽类和32种野生鸟类。另外, 利用红外相机平台已经在野生动物多样性本底调查、虎豹种群分布、数量与扩散限制、同域食肉动物种间关系、动物生境利用等方面取得一些成果, 同时为东北虎豹国家公园生物多样性监测、评估和管理提供了科技支撑。     

内蒙古乌达煤田早二叠世太原组拥挤始莲座蕨(新种) Eoangiopteris congestus sp. nov.

本文报道发现于内蒙古乌达煤田早二叠世太原组顶部火山凝灰岩层中的莲座蕨类植物一新种Eoangiopteris congestus sp. nov.,标本包含有机连生的辉木型茎干,栉羊齿型营养羽片和始莲座蕨型繁殖羽片。其中营养羽片为三次羽状复叶,末二次和末次羽片均为线形,小羽片栉羊齿型,卵圆形,中脉下延,侧脉分叉一次,属于东方栉羊齿Pecopteris orientalis (Schenk) Potonié类型。繁殖小羽片与营养小羽片同形;两侧对称的聚合囊成单列分布在中脉两侧,排列拥挤,由6–8个孢子囊组成,通过一个薄壁组织构成的聚合囊托与叶片相连;孢子囊呈纺锤形,无环带;孢子囊面向外的壁2–3层细胞厚,面向内的壁厚度仅1层细胞。原位孢子为三缝孢,椭圆形至圆形,表面具小刺状纹饰,可与分散孢子属Apiculatisporites对比。当前始莲座蕨属植物的发现代表其在华夏植物群目前最早的化石记录。此外,这些两侧对称的聚合囊明显区别于以往报道中与东方栉羊齿叶型化石连生的辐射对称聚合囊类型(星囊蕨Asterotheca),表明在古植物学研究中一种化石羽片类型可能对应多种繁殖器官类型。     

Repellency and toxicity of extract from Francoeria crispa (Forsk.) to Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to characterise the activity of the extract Francoeria crispa (Forsk.) (Family: Compositae) against the citrus brown mite, Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein). Ethyl acetate was tested for preparing the crude extract of F. crispa. The extract was tested for its toxicity against eggs and adult females of the pest E. orientalis. Ethyl acetate extract of F. crispa affected the behaviour, toxicity and fecundity of females under laboratory conditions. The extract had similar toxic effects on egg stage and adult females of E. orientalis (LC₅₀ = 0.00050 g/ml), respectively. Leaf discs treated with increasing concentrations of ethyl acetate extract of F. crispa showed a high percentage of repellency (97.45%), respectively. Treated females with LC₅₀ concentration of ethyl acetate extract showed a higher remarkable percentage of mortality as well as a reduction in the total number of eggs laid during 7 days. Ten isolated fractions of ethyl acetate crude extract from F. crispa were detected. The results clearly indicate that the isolate number (10) was the most toxic isolate on eggs and females of E. orientalis (LC₅₀ = 0.00014 and 0.000125 g/ml), respectively.     

东方蝾螈性二型性特征分析

以东方蝾螈大别山种群为实验材料,随机选取162只蝾螈(雄52只,雌110只),通过单变量、双变量、多变量分析的方法,进行11项体征的测量分析.结果表明,头体长是本研究的最适单变量,且头体长与腋胯距之间的相关性最高;PCl在雄性和雌性中均与头体长密切相关,且大多数体征与头体长进行比例分析均显示出异速生长关系,东方蝾螈性二型性普遍存在.本研究中11项体征呈现符合Renseh法则的雌性依赖性二型性演化特征,这种性二型性特征可能是一系列复杂的非对称性选择的结果.     

Reconsidering the taxomony of several Ostrinia species in the light of reproductive isolation: a tale for Ernst Mayr

We reconsider the taxonomy of a group of closely related Ostrinia spp., illustrating how useful Mayr's biological species concept remains for studying speciation patterns and processes. We review and re-analyse recent data on Ostrinia scapulalis , Ostrinia nubilalis , Ostrinia narynensis and Ostrinia orientalis , along with those obtained over > 45 years in the former Soviet Union. The ten species of the 'trilobed uncus' group in the Ostrinia genus are classified into subgroups according to male mid-tibia morphology. However, none of the characters that further discriminate between them (female sex pheromones, male genitalia and calling time) varies together with male mid-tibia morphology, and neither do molecular markers. Moreover, male mid-tibia morphology appears to depend on only two diallelic loci and seems to be unrelated to reproductive isolation between Ostrinia taxa. By contrast, reproductive isolation is strongly related to host-plant type. In accordance with Mayr's species concept, we thus propose a revision of the trilobed uncus Ostrinia spp. based primarily on host-plant type. We propose that O. narynensis Mutuura & Munroe, 1970 ( syn. nov. ) and O. orientalis Mutuura & Munroe, 1970 ( syn. nov. ) be synonymized with O. scapulalis (Walker, 1859). We further demonstrate that O. nubilalis auctt. pro parte feeding on mugwort, hop, and several other dicotyledons (previously called the ' O. nubilalis mugwort-race' in France) also belongs to O. scapulalis . Consequently, we propose that only O. nubilalis specimens feeding on maize (the former French ' O. nubilalis maize-race') belong to O. nubilalis (Hübner, 1796). The implications of this revision are discussed.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 91 , 49–72.     

侧柏挥发性次生代谢产物的提取及GC-MS分析

利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对水蒸气蒸馏提取的侧柏挥发性次生代谢产物进行了分析,研究结果表明年轮低于6年和6～12年侧柏心材质量分数最高的挥发性次生代谢产物均为柏木醇(40.14%,41.13%),年轮12～20年侧柏心材和边材质量分数最高的挥发性次生代谢产物均为8-丙氧基-香松烷(49.71%,44.03%)。侧柏年轮低于6年、6～12年、12～20年心材和边材的挥发性共有次生代谢产物为罗汉柏烯、雪松烯和花侧柏烯,只有6～12年侧柏心材挥发性次生代谢产物中含有愈创木烯且不含有α-杜松醇。     

东方山羊豆Cu/ZnSOD基因的克隆及表达分析

超氧化物歧化酶是一种广泛存在于真核生物中的金属酶类,在植物的抗逆性中起到重要的作用。文章采用RACE方法,从东方山羊豆中克隆了Cu/ZnSOD基因,并对其进行了初步分析。该基因cDNA序列全长935 bp,开放阅读框600 bp,编码199个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量为20.35 kDa。通过实时荧光定量PCR结果分析,该基因在东方山羊豆叶中表达量最多,茎中次之,根中最少。在NaCl和PEG诱导下,Cu/ZnSOD基因表达量先上调后下降。NaCl诱导24 h后,该基因的表达量显著低于对照。ABA胁迫抑制了该基因的表达。亚细胞定位结果表明,Cu/ZnSOD蛋白定位于叶绿体中。实验结果证明,Cu/ZnSOD基因主要在东方山羊豆的绿色组织中表达,在抵抗渗透性胁迫方面起到一定作用。     

Survey of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Irrigation Canal of Togyo-jeosuji (Reservoir) in Cheorwon-gun,Gangwon-do,Republic of Korea

The infection status of zoonotic trematode metacercariae (ZTM) was investigated in total 568 freshwater fishes (19 species) from the irrigation canal of Togyo-jeosuji (Reservoir) in Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, the Republic of Korea for 3 years (2018–2020). All fishes were examined using the artificial digestion method. The metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis (CsMc) were detected in 180 (43.8%) out of 411 fish of positive species, and their infection intensity was 38 per fish infected (PFI). Especially, in 2 fish species, i.e., Pseudorasbora parva and Puntungia herzi, the prevalence was 82.1% and 31.3%, and the infection intensity with CsMc was 88 and 290 PFI, respectively. Metagonimus spp. metacercariae (MsMc) were found in 403 (74.1%) out of 544 fish of positive species, and their infection intensity was 62 PFI. In the pale chub, Zacco platypus, the prevalence of MsMc was 98.6%, and their infection intensity was 144 PFI. Centrocestus armatus metacercariae were detected in 171 (38.9%) out of 440 fish of positive species, and their infection intensity was 1,844 PFI. Echinostoma spp. metacercariae were found in 94 (19.6%) out of 479 fish of positive species, and their infection intensity was 3 PFI. Metorchis orientalis metacercariae were detected in 43 (29.3%) out of 147 fish of positive species, and their infection intensity was 4 PFI. By the present study, it has been confirmed that some species of ZTM, including CsMc and MsMc, are prevalent in fishes from the irrigation canal of Togyo-jeosuji in Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea.