姜黄素对高氧致新生鼠支气管肺发育不良的保护作用

目的 研究姜黄素对高氧暴露致新生鼠支气管肺发育不良的影响,探讨其作用机制.方法 给予出生6 h内的SD大鼠持续60%氧暴露14d建立肺损伤模型.通氧的同时予姜黄索100 ms/(kg·d)灌胃.观察肺组织病理学改变,进行辐射状肺泡计数(RAC),末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口标记技术(TUNEL)检测肺组织细胞凋亡.免疫组化和Western blot法检测肺组织活化半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的表达.结果 与空气对照组相比,随着氧暴露时间的延长,高氧组的大鼠出现肺发育停滞的典型病理表现:肺泡增大、结构简化,肺泡隔增厚.RAC明显减少,肺组织细胞凋亡明显增加,免疫组化和Western blot法均显示肺组织活化Caspase-3表达明显升高.姜黄素能改善损伤的肺病理结构,并在干预14d后使RAC显著增多,肺组织凋亡细胞显著减少,干预4d后肺组织活化Caspase-3显著降低.结论 姜黄素可减轻高氧暴露所致的BPD,可能是通过抗凋亡机制实现其保护作用.     

宝乐安联合金酸萍颗粒对新生儿黄疸的治疗

目的 观察宝乐安联合金酸萍颗粒对新生儿黄疸的临床疗效。方法 选择我院和酒泉市人民医院2016年10月至2018年9月间诊治的86例新生儿黄疸患儿为研究对象。入选患儿随机分成对照组与试验组各43例。其中对照组患儿给予金酸萍颗粒治疗,试验组患儿给予金酸萍颗粒联合宝乐安治疗。对两组患儿的临床治疗效果进行评价比较。结果 试验组与对照组患儿的临床治疗总有效率分别为95.3%和81.4%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.385,P0.05)。试验组患儿胆红素恢复正常时间以及黄疸消失时间均显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论 宝乐安与金酸萍颗粒联合用药对新生儿黄疸的临床疗效优于单用金酸萍颗粒,值得推广。     

岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖在新生儿无乳链球菌肺炎治疗中的作用

目的探讨岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖在新生儿无乳链球菌肺炎中的治疗作用。方法收集本院2015年7月至2017年2月痰培养阳性新生儿无乳链球菌、大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌感染性肺炎病例,分析不同喂养方式、不同病原类别肺炎在住院时间、炎症、并发症等指标差异,探讨岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖对无乳链球菌感染的独特治疗作用;使用含有不同浓度岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖的培养基对无乳链球菌进行培养,研究岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖抑制无乳链球菌的最佳浓度;分别使用岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖或酸性人乳低聚糖加入培养基中对无乳链球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌进行培养,进一步探讨岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖对无乳链球菌的独特抑制作用。结果无乳链球菌肺炎患儿,母乳喂养组的住院时间较人工喂养组住院时间减少[(8.35±0.77)d vs(10.91±0.54)d,t=1.557 676,P<0.05)],PCT值较人工喂养组低[(2.38±0.63)ng/mL vs(8.69±2.23)ng/mL,t=1.419 964,P<0.05],白细胞计数较人工喂养组低[(13.28±1.08)×10^9/L vs(16.16±0.98)×10^9/L,t=1.878 447,P<0.05],脑膜炎发生率较人工喂养组低(5%vs 35%,χ^2=5.601 353,P<0.05),呼吸机使用率较人工喂养组低(10.0%vs 36.4%,χ^2=4.005 042,P<0.05);大肠埃希菌肺炎患儿、肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎患儿,母乳喂养组与人工喂养组比较,住院时间稍减少,PCT值、白细胞计数、脑膜炎发生率和呼吸机使用率均有所降低,差异无统计学意义;细菌培养实验发现岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖在2.5 mg/L浓度的时候可以明显抑制无乳链球菌的生长,对大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌无明显抑制作用,酸性人乳低聚糖对3种细菌均无抑制作用。结论岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖可以明显抑制无乳链球菌的生长,可能成为未来无乳链球菌感染性肺炎治疗中新的靶点,值得深入研究。     

微创肺表面活性物质对呼吸窘迫综合征新生儿肝肾功能、氧合功能及呼吸功能的影响

目的:探讨微创肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS)对呼吸窘迫综合征新生儿氧合功能、肝肾功能及呼吸功能的影响。方法:选择2018年3月至2019年3月我院收治的66例新生呼吸窘迫综合征的患儿作为研究对象,并按照随机数字表法分为观察组(n=33)和对照组(n=33)。对照组患儿采取常规的治疗方式,观察组患儿则在对照组治疗基础上应用微创PS治疗。观察比较两组患儿的动脉血气指标、Ⅱ型肺泡细胞表面抗原(KL-6)、巨噬细胞移动抑制因子-1(MIF-1)、高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB-1)、肝肾功能、氧合指数及呼吸机参数。结果:治疗后,两组的氧分压(PaO_2)、二氧化碳总量(TCO_2)、氧饱和度(SaO_2)均较治疗前显著增高;且观察组以上指标均高于对照组。两组的Ⅱ型肺泡细胞表面抗原(KL-6)、巨噬细胞移动抑制因子-1 (MIF-1)、高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB-1)均较治疗前显著降低,且观察组的以上指标均低于对照组。两组的谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CRE)水平均较治疗前显著降低,且观察组的以上指标均明显低于对照组。观察两组的呼吸机参数和氧合指数,发现两组的吸入氧浓度(FiO_2)、吸气峰压(PIP)、呼吸末正压(PEEP)、氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2,OI)均较治疗前有所改善,且观察组的以上指标均要优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:应用微创PS治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的效果显著,能明显改善患儿的动脉血气指标、肝肾功能以及氧合功能,减轻炎症反应,并减少机械通气的参数。     

Experimental infection of timed-pregnant rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) during early, middle, and late gestation

Ten rhesus monkeys were inoculated with SIV/DeltaB670 during various stages of gestation to determine factors predictive of transplacental infection. Two abortions associated with rapid disease occurred shortly after infection; uninfected infants were caesarean delivered from eight other females. SIV-specific RNA accompanied by deciduitis was identified in the maternal portion of two placentas suggesting that opportunistic infections may promote entry of SIV into placental tissue. The lack of evidence for SIV infection of caesarean delivered infants suggests that fetal infection may often occur during parturition.     

A correlative radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical study of LHRH-induced LH depletion in the anterior pituitary of male and female neonatal rats in vitro

Summary After an exposure of 24 h to synthetic LHRH (100 ng/ml) in vitro, the anterior pituitaries of 4-day-old rats show a notable loss of immunoreactive material in most LH cells in males, but not in females. When radioimmunoassayed without incubation, the pituitary LH content of 4-day-old female rats is 2.8 times higher than that of males of the same age. LHRH treatment stimulates a higher rate of LH discharge in females than in males, but if LH release is expressed as a percentage of the initial pituitary LH content, there is no apparent difference. In both sexes, more than 70% of the initially stored LH is discharged into the medium after 24 h of LHRH stimulation. In males, this discharge produces a pronounced depletion, but in females, the pituitary still contains 78.2% of the initial LH content despite the large amount of hormone released.From these results, it is concluded that in newborn rats the LH synthetic rate in females is higher than that in males. This high synthetic activity, together with the large store of LH, may explain why prolonged LHRH treatment fails to cause LH depletion in females. At 4 days of age LHRH had no stimulatory effect on pituitary synthesis of LH in either sex.     

乳鼠坐骨神经植块法的雪旺氏细胞培养

目的:改善并建立一种新的大鼠雪旺氏细胞(SCs)的培养方法,为研究外周神经损伤修复模型及其它外周神经相关实验提供高纯度、多数量的SCs。方法:麻醉后显微镜下解剖并分离新生3天内SD大鼠的坐骨神经,采取植块培养的方法,显微镜下尽量剥除坐骨神经纤维外膜,并梳理松解坐骨神经的神经纤维束。梳理后剪碎坐骨神经,每小块种植于培养皿中,使用纯血清培养4小时,再加入正常的DMEM/F12培养基,消化培养2-3代。最后用S-100及GFAP免疫荧光染色进行纯度鉴定。结果:本实验在总结前人实验的基础上,联合创新采用坐骨神经外膜剥除、神经内膜梳理、纯血清培养以及胰酶差速消化等方法,短时间内获得SCs的纯度可达99%以上,可用于进一步对雪旺氏细胞的功能进行研究。结论:这种选用乳鼠坐骨神经植块、血清培养的方法简单易操作,无需额外的生长因子及抑制因子,可在短期内获得大量高纯度的SCs。     

Effects of maternal nutrient restriction during early or mid-gestation without realimentation on maternal physiology and foetal growth and development in beef cattle

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of early and mid-gestation nutrient restriction on maternal metabolites and foetal growth. Primiparous Angus cows were synchronized and inseminated with semen from one sire. Dietary treatments were: control to gain 1 kg/week (CON) or 0.55% maintenance energy and CP requirements (nutrient restricted; NR). A subset of dams was fed NR (n=8) or CON (n=8) from days 30 to 110 of gestation. Another group was fed CON (n=8), days 30 to 190; NR (n=7), days 30 to 110 followed by CON days 110 to 190; or CON, (n=7) days 30 to 110 followed by NR days 110 to 190. Cows were harvested at days 110 or 190 of gestation, when foetal measurements and samples were collected. Cows that were NR during days 30 to 110 or 110 to 190 of gestation lost significant BW and body condition score (P<0.001), this was associated with reduced plasma glucose during NR (P<0.002). Foetal weights, empty foetal weights, abdominal and thoracic circumferences were all reduced (P<0.03) in day 110 NR animals. Foetal perirenal adipose as a percentage of empty foetal weight was increased (P=0.01) in NR day 110 female foetuses compared with CON foetus. Maternal serum triglycerides at day 110 of gestation were decreased (P<0.05) in NR dams, whereas foetal serum triglycerides were increased (P<0.05) in response to maternal NR. Foetal weights tended to be reduced (P=0.08) in NR/CON and CON/NR v. CON/CON cattle at day 190 of gestation. Empty foetal weights, abdominal and thoracic circumferences were reduced (P⩽0.03) in NR/CON and CON/NR v. CON/CON cattle. Brain weight as a percentage of empty foetal weight was increased (P<0.001) in NR/CON and CON/NR v. CON/CON cattle. Foetal perirenal adipose as a percentage of empty foetal weight was increased (P=0.003) in NR/CON and CON/NR v. CON/CON cattle. Maternal serum triglycerides at day 190 of gestation were decreased (P<0.05) in association with maternal NR. Foetal serum triglycerides at day 190 of gestation were increased (P<0.05) in response to maternal NR during early gestation but decreased by NR in mid gestation compared with CON foetuses. The data show that maternal nutrient restriction during early or mid-gestation cause’s asymmetrical foetal growth restriction, regardless if the restriction is preceded or followed by a period of non-restriction.     

Synaptic Proteins After Electroconvulsive Seizures in Immature Rats

The forebrain content of several rat brain synaptic proteins (synaptin, D1, D2, and D3) was reduced in rats receiving electroconvulsive seizures on days 2–11, 9–18, or 19–28 and sacrificed at the age of 30 days. Forebrain weight, total protein, and the glial enzyme glutamine synthetase were also decreased, whereas the neuronal enolase 14–3–2 was unchanged. The findings suggest that seizures in the immature rat brain resulted in a parallel reduction of synaptic material and of the amount of glial cells. The increased concentration of the enolase 14–3–2 found in rats seizured on days 19–28 may reflect the high demands on the glycolytic system during the seizures.