早产产妇血清和胎盘IL-17、IL-21及IL-22表达水平与新生儿感染发生的相关性研究

摘要 目的：分析早产产妇血清和胎盘IL-17、IL-21及IL-22表达水平与新生儿感染发生的相关性。方法：选择2020年7月至2021年12月在我院分娩的120例早产产妇作为观察组,另选同期的120例足月分娩产妇作为对照组。检测两组产妇血清和胎盘IL-17、IL-21及IL-22表达水平,根据观察组产妇分娩的新生儿是否发生感染,分为感染组和非感染组,比较两组母体血清和胎盘IL-17、IL-21及IL-22表达水平,使用多因素Logistic回归分析和受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析早产产妇血清和胎盘IL-17、IL-21及IL-22与新生儿感染的关系。结果：观察组血清和胎盘IL-17、IL-21及IL-22表达水平均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;感染组母体血清和胎盘IL-17、IL-21及IL-22表达水平均高于非感染组（P＜0.05）;经多因素Logistic回归分析,早产产妇血清和胎盘IL-17、IL-21及IL-22均是新生儿感染发生的独立预测因素（P＜0.05）;经Pearson相关性分析,早产产妇血清IL-17与胎盘IL-17 mRNA、血清IL-21与胎盘IL-21 mRNA、血清IL-22与胎盘IL-22 mRNA均呈正相关（P＜0.05）;经ROC曲线分析,早产产妇血清IL-17、IL-21联合IL-22预测新生儿感染发生的AUC为0.910。结论：早产产妇血清和胎盘IL-17、IL-21及IL-22表达水平升高均与新生儿感染发生密切相关,其中血清IL-17、IL-21联合IL-22预测新生儿感染的效能较高,值得进一步研究应用。     

新生儿重症监护室中极低和超低出生体重早产儿院内感染影响因素及病原菌分布变化的分析

摘要 目的：分析新生儿重症监护室中极低和超低出生体重早产儿院内感染影响因素及病原菌分布变化情况。方法：选择2018年1月至2022年12月收治的493例极低和超低出生体重早产儿,根据是否发生院内感染,分为感染组（54例)与非感染组（439例）。比较两组新生儿的临床特征,使用多因素Logistic回归分析院内感染的影响因素,分析院内感染病原菌的分布及早期临床特点。结果：两组胎龄、出生体重、宫内窘迫占比、先天性心脏病占比、肠外营养持续时间＞14 d的占比、机械通气时间＞24 h的占比、PICC置管时间＞14 d的占比、住院时间比较（P＜0.05）;经多因素Logistic回归分析,肠外营养持续时间＞14 d、机械通气时间＞24 h、PICC置管时间＞14 d均是早产儿发生院内感染的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）;在54例院内感染患儿中,共培养出病原菌41株,其中革兰阳性菌10株,以表皮葡萄球菌为主;革兰阴性菌24株,以肺炎克雷伯杆菌为主;真菌7株,以白色假丝酵母菌为主;革兰阳性菌组、革兰阴性菌组与真菌组在胎龄、出生体重、反应低下、发热、消化系统症状、血小板减少、血氧下降或呼吸暂停上差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：新生儿重症监护室中极低和超低出生体重早产儿院内感染与肠外营养持续时间、机械通气时间和PICC置管时间密切相关,病原菌以表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌和白色假丝酵母菌为主,早期临床特点缺乏特异性,可作为防治院内感染的重要依据。     

Synaptic Proteins After Electroconvulsive Seizures in Immature Rats

The forebrain content of several rat brain synaptic proteins (synaptin, D1, D2, and D3) was reduced in rats receiving electroconvulsive seizures on days 2–11, 9–18, or 19–28 and sacrificed at the age of 30 days. Forebrain weight, total protein, and the glial enzyme glutamine synthetase were also decreased, whereas the neuronal enolase 14–3–2 was unchanged. The findings suggest that seizures in the immature rat brain resulted in a parallel reduction of synaptic material and of the amount of glial cells. The increased concentration of the enolase 14–3–2 found in rats seizured on days 19–28 may reflect the high demands on the glycolytic system during the seizures.     

生物标记物对脑损伤患儿早期诊断及监测价值的研究进展

脑损伤是新生儿期危害严重的疾病之一,可导致脑瘫、运动发育迟缓、认知功能障碍及学习困难等后遗症,严重影响了新生儿的健康发育及生活质量的提高。新生儿脑损伤(NBI)是一种由多种原因导致的范围很广的疾病,其临床表现缺乏特异性,临床上在判断其损伤严重程度、持续时间及产前损伤时间等存在较大的困难,受到广大科研者及临床医师的重视。目前,影像学方法是NBI确诊的主要手段,但影像学检查通常存在滞后性和一定的局限性。体液生物标记物水平在脑损伤后会较早发生变化,通过检测其水平变化可早期预测脑损伤情况。近年来,新生儿各种体液中已检测出多种具有敏感性的脑损伤生物标记物,主要包括神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、泛素羟基末端水解酶L-1(UCH-L1)、S100B蛋白、Tau蛋白、髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、激活素A等,本研究对上述常用生物标记物在NBI中的应用情况以及研究进展进行综述,探讨其临床应用前景。     

Establishment and characterization of a primary canine duodenal epithelial cell culture

Many mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of chronic enteropathies or host–pathogen interactions in canine intestine have not been elucidated so far. Next to the clinical and in vivo research tools, an in vitro model of canine intestinal cell culture would be very helpful for studies at the cellular level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish and characterize a primary canine duodenal epithelial cell culture. Neonatal duodenum was disrupted with trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the mucosa scraped off and digested with collagenase and dispase. After centrifugation on a 2% sorbitol gradient, the cells were incubated at 37° C in OptiMEM supplemented with Primocin, epidermal growth factor, insulin, hydrocortisone, and 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). After 24 h, the FCS concentration was reduced to 2.5%, and the temperature decreased to 33° C. With this method, the cultures were growing to confluent monolayers within 5–6 d and remained viable for an average of 2 wk. Their epithelial nature was confirmed by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining using antibodies directed against specific cytokeratins, desmosomes, and tight junctions. The intestinal cells proliferated, as evidenced by immunolabeling with a Ki-67 antibody, and cryptal cell subpopulations could be identified. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase and sucrase activity were detected. Presented in part at the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum in Louisville, Kentucky, May 31–June 3, 2006. Julia L. Golaz and Nathalie Vonlaufen contributed equally to this work and are joint first authors. Supported in part by the Vetsuisse research foundation, the Foundation Research 3R (project No. 85/03), and the Swiss National Science Foundation (3100A0-112532).     

巨细胞病毒感染对新生豚鼠胸腺的影响

新生豚鼠皮下接种豚鼠巨细胞病毒(GPCMV)后,导致动物胸腺急性感染。感染豚鼠胸腺在接种后第五天开始出现病毒,第十天达高峰。此外,感染动物胸腺的发育受到抑制,细胞总数和T淋巴细胞数随朐腺中病毒滴度的增高而进行性下降,至接种GPCMV后第十天最显著。由于病毒对T细胞的作用,细胞表面红细胞受体的丧失导致胸腺Null细胞百分比高于对照动物。     

Immunological Identification of Multiple α-Like Subunits of the γ-Aminobutyric AcidA Receptor Complex Purified from Neonatal Rat Cortex

Antibodies were prepared against a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acid sequences 174-203 of the bovine gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor alpha 1-subunit. The antibodies recognized this synthetic alpha 1-peptide, but failed to react with the homologous peptide sequence, 170-199, of the bovine beta 1-subunit. On Western blots, anti-alpha 1-subunit antibody recognized a 50-kilodalton (kDa) protein in affinity-purified receptor preparations from adult rat cortex and cerebellum. In receptor purified from neonatal cortex, the anti-alpha 1-antibody reacted with 50-kDa, 53-54-kDa, and 59-kDa proteins. After digestion with endoglycosidase F, these three protein bands retained differing electrophoretic mobilities. The 50-kDa and 59-kDa subunits of affinity-purified neonatal receptor, which were photoaffinity-labeled with [3H]flunitrazepam, were immunoprecipitated to different extents by alpha-subunit antibody. These data suggest the existence in GABAA receptor from neonatal cortex of three proteins (50 kDa, 53 kDa, and 59 kDa) which have immunological homology to alpha 1-subunit of bovine GABAA receptor. The presence of an alpha- and a beta-like subunit with similar mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis may account for the relatively high concentration of protein in the 53-54-kDa band which has been observed in receptor purified from neonatal cortex. The presence of multiple alpha-like subunits may be related to the presence of a relatively high concentration of type II GABA receptor in this tissue.     

Selective accumulation of Th2-skewing immature erythroid cells in developing neonatal mouse spleen

Environmental factors likely regulate neonatal immunity and self-tolerance. However, evidence that the neonatal immune system is suppressed or deviated is varied depending on the antigen and the timing of antigen exposure relative to birth. These disparate findings may be related to the availability of the appropriate antigen presenting cells but also point to the possibility of homeostatic changes in non-lymphoid cells in the relevant lymphoid tissues. Here we show that, while leukocytes are the most abundant cell population present in spleen during the first 4-5 days after birth, a massive accumulation of nucleated immature erythroid population in the spleen takes places on day 6 after birth. Although the relative frequency of these immature erythorid cells slowly decreases during the development of neonates, they remain one of the most predominant populations up to three weeks of age. Importantly, we show that the immature erythroid cells from neonate spleen have the capacity to modulate the differentiation of CD4 T cells into effector cells and provide a bias towards a Th2 type instead of Th1 type. These nucleated erythroid cells can produce cytokines that participate in the Th2/Th1 balance, an important one being IL-6. Thus, the selective accumulation of immature erythroid cells in the spleen during a specific period of neonatal development may explain the apparent differences observed in the type(s) of immune responses generated in infants and neonates. These findings are potentially relevant to the better management of immune deficiency in and to the design of vaccination strategies for the young.     

Canine perinatal mortality: a cohort study of 224 breeds

Canine perinatal mortality is known to be relatively high. However, the literature on perinatal mortality in dogs is still sparse and often refers to a single or only a few breeds. The aim of this large-scale observational study was to describe the perinatal mortality in purebred dogs of various breeds at both puppy and litter level. In addition, the influence of breed, breed size, litter size, age of the bitch, litter number and season for whelping on the risk of perinatal mortality at litter level was studied and the mean litter size at eight days and eight wks after birth was calculated. A retrospective cohort study was performed by studying 10,810 litters of 224 breeds registered in the Norwegian Kennel Club in 2006 and 2007. Perinatal mortality was defined as the sum of stillborn puppies and puppies that died during the first wk after birth (early neonatal mortality) and was present in 24.6% of the litters. Eight percent of the puppies died before eight days after birth, with 4.3% as stillbirth and 3.7% as early neonatal mortality. For most breeds the perinatal mortality was low, but for some breeds a higher perinatal mortality was found. The mean litter size at eight days and eight wks after birth was 4.97 (±0.02) and 4.92 (±0.02) puppies, respectively. Of all puppies born, only 1% died during the period from eight days to eight wks after birth. Random effects logistic regression analysis indicated that increasing litter size and age of the bitch were associated with an increased risk of stillbirth, early neonatal mortality and total perinatal mortality at the litter level (P < 0.001). The random breed effect was significant for all outcomes. Litter number also had a significant effect on stillbirth, early neonatal mortality and total perinatal mortality at the litter level, with the highest risk of perinatal mortality found in the first litter (P < 0.001). Further, the risk of early neonatal mortality was doubled in litters with stillborn puppies. No significant effect of whelping season on perinatal mortality at litter level was found. An interaction existed between the age of the bitch and litter number and the risk of stillbirth was three times as high (odds ratio = 3.00) in litters from bitches having their first litter after the age of six y. Breed was a more important determinant of perinatal mortality in litters than breed size. However, more than 90% of the variation in perinatal mortality was found at the individual litter level and efforts to minimize puppy mortality should be targeted at the management of the individual litter rather than at the breed level.