Trypanosoma gambiense: Immune responses of neonatal rats receiving antibodies from the female

Offspring of control female rats received colostrum from females immune to Trypanosoma gambiense after birth. Subsequently, these offspring had high titers of agglutinating and phagocytosis-promoting activities in their sera. They were not protected against challenge infection, although a delay of parasitemia and extended survival were often observed. On the other hand, the offspring of immune females, which had received colostrum from control females after birth, showed low agglutinating and phagocytosis-promoting activities in their sera; 50% were protected against infection. It was concluded that antibodies (IgG) passing through the placenta of immunized females were more effective than antibodies (IgA) derived from colostrum from immunized females in protecting offspring against trypanosome infection. Phagocytosis-promoting activity was detected in both colostral IgA-rich fractions from the colostra of immunized females and serum IgA-rich fractions from the control females' offspring, which had received colostrum from immune females. Pepsin digestion resulted in the loss of such activity. It is possible that the phagocytosis-promoting activity of IgA antibodies was not present in the products obtained by means of pepsin treatment.     

Differentiation of the plasma membrane of hepatic cells in monolayer cultures

Hepatocytes from rats were isolated by treatment with trypsin and cultured. Plasma membranes at different culture stages were observed by electron microscopy. The activities of 5' nucleotidase and adenosinetriphosphatase on the plasma membranes were examined. The cell coat was also studied by use of the concanavalin A-peroxidase technique. The surfaces of single cells, covered with microvilli, are the site of adenosinetriphosphatase activity only and are devoid of 5'-nucleotidase activity. After a few h of culture, the cells are grouped together in tight clusters or long trails and are separated by an intercellular space of 250 A, partially permeable to lanthanum nitrate. The juxtaposed plasma membranes on which 5'-nucleotidase and adenosinetriphosphatase activities occur also delimit spaces similar to bile canaliculi. The formation of junction complexes and their permeability to lanthanum nitrate was also studied. No enzymatic activity is observed at the junctions. The numerous tight junctions, impervious to the tracer, are always accompanied by a profusion of microfilaments. Mature desmosomes are rare, and are present only in the form of "maculae adhaerentes diminutae." The gap junctions, nearly always permeable to the tracer, form rapidly and assume a variety of shapes (trail, bulge and ring-like), the significance of which is open to discussion. The use of concanavalin A permits localization of the free sugar sites on the surface of the cells, in the pinocytotic vesicles and in the internal space of the gap junctions.     

Autoradiographic study on the localization of estradiol-17β in neonatal mouse uterus and cervix

Summary The uptake of ³H-estradiol-17 in the neonatal mouse uterus and cervix has been studied by an autoradiographic method. When the radio-active hormone is administered in vivo and in vitro, grains are found to be concentrated above the nuclei both in the uterine and cervical epithelium and stroma. Grain counts revealed that the nuclear concentration of grains is higher at 4 h than at 2 h after isotope injection. The cervical epithelium has a higher nuclear concentration than the uterine epithelium both in vivo and in vitro. In the stroma, this situation is reversed except after in vitro treatment of the tissues.In the cervix, more of the hormone seems to be located within the nucleus while in the uterus a higher proportion of the grains are found in the vicinity of the nuclear periphery.Although the nuclear concentration of grains is higher at 4 h than at 2 h, the number of grains above the sections is lower at 4 h. Both in vivo and in vitro, the number of grains is higher above the stromal than above the epithelial compartments of the uterus and cervix.Five days old animals showed the same labeling pattern. The differences in uptake and distribution of ³H-estradiol are discussed in relation to other known differences in the hormone responsiveness in these tissues.We are greatly indebted to Professor W.E. Stumpf and the Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, University of North Carolina Medical School for the opportunity to study the method of dry mount autoradiography. The work has been supported by the Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities and by the Norwegian Cancer Society (Landsforeningen mot Kreft)     

Pericytes and perivascular microglial cells in the basal forebrain of the neonatal rabbit

Summary Three types of pericytes outline the vascular bed in Golgi preparations of the newborn rabbit brain. Elongate cells (Type I) are restricted to capillaries, elements resembling smooth muscle cells (Type II) surround vessels of intermediate size, and large flat forms (Type III) cover the surface of arterioles and venules. Electron microscopy shows all types to be located within a well defined perivascular basement membrane. It also reveals the presence of filaments in the cytoplasm of some pericytes resembling the myofilaments of smooth muscle cells. It suggests the possibility that some pericytes are capable of contraction and may participate in regulating blood flow in small vessels.Microglia cells bear no resemblance to pericytes in terms of their shape, distribution or staining characteristics. Microglia cells are located outside the vascular basement membrane (external basal lamina) in the brain parenchyma, and they vary in form according to their location and the character of the surrounding extracellular space. This study does not support the hypothesis that microglia cells arise from pericytes but indicates that they originate either by in situ division or from hematogenous elements that enter the brain by crossing the vessel wall.Support provided by N.I.H. Grants No. NS 10864 and NS 07938 from the U.S. Public Health Service.     

白蛋白静脉滴注联合茵栀黄颗粒治疗新生儿黄疸血清 AKP、TBA、 FFA、γ-GT、HS-CRP的影响

目的:研究白蛋白静脉滴注联合茵栀黄颗粒对新生儿黄疸血清碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)、总胆汁酸(totalbileacids,TBA)、游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid,FFA)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(γ-glutamyltransferase,γ-GT)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein, HS-CRP)的影响。方法:选择2016年1月～2019年1月我院收治的95例新生儿病理性黄疸患儿,随机分为两组。对照组服用茵栀黄颗粒治疗,观察组在服用茵栀黄的基础上静脉滴注白蛋白治疗。检测两组的血清间接胆红素(indirectreacting bilirubin,,IBIL)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)和AKP、TBA、FFA、y-GT、HS-CRP水平。结果:观察组的有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05);两组治疗后的血清IBIL、TBIL水平明显降低(P0.05),观察组的IBIL、TBIL水平明显低于对照组(P0.05);两组治疗后的血清AKP、TBA、FFA、γ-GT、HS-CRP水平明显降低(P0.05),观察组的血清AKP、TBA、FFA、γ-GT、HS-CRP水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:白蛋白静脉滴注联合茵栀黄颗粒对新生儿黄疸的治疗效果良好,有助于促进血清胆红素和其他血清学相关指标恢复正常,且安全性好。     

持续镇痛分娩对产妇分娩结局和新生儿评分的影响

目的:研究持续镇痛分娩对产妇分娩结局和新生儿评分的影响。方法:选择2018年7月～2019年7月中国医科大学航空总医院(本院)采取硬膜外分娩镇痛的101例产妇,将其随机分为两组。当产生确切的镇痛效果,进入第二产程后,观察组的51例产妇采用0.4μg/m L舒芬太尼以及0.08%罗哌卡因进行持续镇痛分娩;对照组的50例产妇则在宫口开全后,使用生理盐水替代泵内的局麻药物,直到分娩结束。比较两组产妇催产素的使用率,宫口扩张度和第一、第二产程按压硬膜外自控镇痛泵的次数,分娩方式,新生儿的体质量,脐动脉血pH值,出生后1 min和5 min Apgar评分,产妇修复会阴部时的视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分及产妇对于第二产程镇痛的满意度评分。结果:两组产妇催产素的使用率、宫口扩张度和第一、第二产程按压硬膜外自控镇痛泵的次数、分娩方式(剖宫产率、器械助产率、自然分娩率)、第一产程镇痛时间、第一以及第二产程时间相比均无显著差异(P0.05);两组新生儿的体质量,脐动脉血pH值,出生后1 min和5 min Apgar评分小于8分的新生儿所占的比例相比没有明显的差异(P0.05);观察组产妇修复会阴部时的VAS评分明显低于对照组(P0.05),产妇对于第二产程镇痛的满意度评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:持续镇痛分娩对产妇分娩结局和新生儿评分无明显的影响,但可显著提高产妇对第二产程镇痛和修复会阴部时镇痛的满意度。     

沐舒坦联合布地奈德雾化治疗新生儿胎粪吸入综合征的临床应用分析

目的:探讨沐舒坦联合布地奈德雾化治疗新生儿胎粪吸入综合征的临床效果及安全性。方法:选择2017年1月～2018年2月我院新生儿科收治的76例新生儿胎粪吸入综合征患儿,按照随机数字表法将其分成两组,每组38例。对照组患者采用布地奈德雾化治疗,观察组在对照组的治疗基础上加用沐舒坦治疗,分析和比较两组的治疗效果,患儿治疗前后动脉血气分析指标变化以及预后情况。结果:治疗后,观察组临床总有效率明显高于对照组,观察组呼吸困难缓解时间、肺部湿罗音消失时间、发绀消失时间、血氧饱和度恢复时间均显著较对照组短(P0.05)。两组患儿治疗后PaCO_2、FIO_2、OI均较治疗前降低,PaO_2均较治疗前上升,其中观察组PaCO_2、FIO_2、OI明显低于对照组,PaO_2高于对照组,上述差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组总并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05),患儿治愈率显著高于对照组(P0.05),两组死亡率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与布地奈德雾化治疗相比,沐舒坦联合布地奈德雾化治疗新生儿胎粪吸入综合征患儿可以更有效缩短临床症状改善时间,改善患儿肺功能及预后,且安全性更高。     

茵陈蒿汤联合西药治疗母儿ABO血型不合疗效分析

目的：评价中西药结合治疗对母儿ABO血型不合的疗效以及新生儿溶血发生与孕次关系的探讨。方法：对314例抗体滴度≥l：64的ABO母儿血型不合孕妇（20-45岁）进行研究,其中246例孕期给予以中西药结合治疗（茵陈蒿汤联合25%葡萄糖液、维生素C、维生素E、苯巴比妥）,68例作为对照,观察孕妇IgG抗A/B抗体效价变化及新生儿溶血发生情况。结果：治疗组抗体效价降低与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,治疗组新生儿溶血发生率与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。孕次越大,新生儿溶血的发生率越高。结论：中西药结合治疗对降低孕妇IgG抗A/B效价及防治新生儿溶血疗效满意,新生儿溶血发生可能与孕次呈正相关。     

混合应用罗哌卡因、氯胺酮在新生儿骶管阻滞中的作用

目的:探明罗哌卡因、氯胺酮混合液在新生儿骶管阻滞术后镇痛的疗效和不良反应.方法:选取45例即将行骶管阻滞的新生儿,随机分成A、B、C三组,每组15人,其中A组患者行罗哌卡因骶管阻滞,B组患者行罗哌卡因骶管阻滞并氯胺酮皮下注射,C组患者行罗哌卡因、氯胺酮混合液骶管阻滞.术后于1、2、4、6、8、12、24h分别记录各患者的镇痛情况以及镇痛时间,采用FLACC法评价镇痛效果,以评分＜4分的维持时间作为有效镇痛时间.并且观察术后48h内不良反应的发生情况.结果:A组与B组之间比较镇痛时间以及术后不同时间点不需要镇痛的患者例数,发现两组间并没有较大差别(P＞0.05).相比较于A、B两组,C组患者阵痛时间明显延长,并且术后4、6、8、12、24h患者不需要镇痛明显增多(P＜0.05).而在不良反应方面,三组患者均未表现出过强的不良反应.结论:罗哌卡因、氯胺酮混合液用于新生儿骶管阻滞效果较佳,且不良反应少.     

改良的乳鼠原代心房肌细胞的培养及鉴定方法

目的:主要探讨原代心房肌细胞的培养及鉴定方法,为进一步研究心房颤动的重构机制及治疗方法奠定基础。方法:选取1-3 d的SD乳鼠40只,雌雄不限,分离心房、心室肌,胰酶联合EDTA充分消化心房肌细胞,利用心房肌与成纤维细胞的差速贴壁及细胞传代方法纯化心房肌细胞,免疫细胞化学染色鉴定心房肌细胞。结果:心房肌细胞培养至第3天,可见心房肌细胞覆盖率高达90%,并出现波动性,免疫细胞化学染色可见90%的心房肌细胞肌经α-肌动蛋白抗体染色阳性。结论:经酶化学消化法可成功培养出原代心房肌细胞,是一种较好的培养及鉴定乳鼠心房肌细胞的方法。