全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2155篇 |
免费 | 103篇 |
国内免费 | 214篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 20篇 |
2022年 | 47篇 |
2021年 | 60篇 |
2020年 | 69篇 |
2019年 | 76篇 |
2018年 | 79篇 |
2017年 | 71篇 |
2016年 | 65篇 |
2015年 | 60篇 |
2014年 | 124篇 |
2013年 | 134篇 |
2012年 | 72篇 |
2011年 | 116篇 |
2010年 | 72篇 |
2009年 | 136篇 |
2008年 | 156篇 |
2007年 | 137篇 |
2006年 | 117篇 |
2005年 | 113篇 |
2004年 | 77篇 |
2003年 | 65篇 |
2002年 | 60篇 |
2001年 | 36篇 |
2000年 | 39篇 |
1999年 | 58篇 |
1998年 | 47篇 |
1997年 | 46篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 30篇 |
1994年 | 42篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 28篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 2篇 |
1953年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2472条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
22.
Summary A large amount of information is contained within the phylogentic relationships between species. In addition to their branching patterns it is also possible to examine other aspects of the biology of the species. The influence that deleterious selection might have is determined here. The likelihood of different phylogenies in the presence of selection is explored to determine the properties of such a likelihood surface. The calculation of likelihoods for a phylogeny in the presence and absence of selection, permits the application of a likelihood ratio test to search for selection. It is shown that even a single selected site can have a strong effect on the likelihood. The method is illustrated with an example fromDrosophila melanogaster and suggests that delerious selection may be acting on transposable elements. 相似文献
23.
经调查,蚕豆田的昆虫和蜘蛛,计有68种,其中属农作物害虫的有18种,天敌有50种。本文还对蚕豆田节肢类的优势种群、种群动态及其群落特征进行了分析,阐明了保护蚕豆田中的天敌对控制后茬作物害虫的重要意义。 相似文献
24.
25.
Randolph M. Nesse M.D. 《Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)》1990,1(3):261-289
Emotions can be explained as specialized states, shaped by natural selection, that increase fitness in specific situations. The physiological, psychological, and behavioral characteristics of a specific emotion can be analyzed as possible design features that increase the ability to cope with the threats and opportunities present in the corresponding situation. This approach to understanding the evolutionary functions of emotions is illustrated by the correspondence between (a) the subtypes of fear and the different kinds of threat; (b) the attributes of happiness and sadness and the changes that would be advantageous in propitious and unpropitious situations; and (c) the social emotions and the adaptive challenges of reciprocity relationships. In addition to addressing a core theoretical problem shared by evolutionary and cognitive psychology, explicit formulations of the evolutionary functions of specific emotions are of practical importance for understanding and treating emotional disorders. 相似文献
26.
Eva-Marià Kupsch Dominique Aubel Carol P. Gibbs Andreas F. Kahrs Thomas Rudel Thomas F. Meyer 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1996,250(5):558-569
A versatile shuttle system has been developed for genetic complementation with cloned genes of transformable and non-transformableNeisseria mutants. By random insertion of a selectable marker into the conjugativeNeisseria plasmidptetM25.2, a site within this plasmid was identified that is compatible with plasmid replication and with conjugative transfer of plasmid. Regions flanking the permissive insertion site of ptetM25.2 were cloned inEscherichia coli and served as a basis for the construction of the Hermes vectors. Hermes vectors are composed of anE. coli replicon that does not support autonomous replication inNeisseria, e.g. ColE1, p15A, orori
fd, fused with a shuttle consisting of a selectable marker and a multiple cloning site flanked by the integration region of ptetM25.2. Complementation of a non-transformableNeisseria strain involves a three-step process: (i) insertion of the desired gene into a Hermes vector; (ii) transformation of Hermes into aNeisseria strain containing ptetM25.2 to create a hybrid ptetM25.2 via gene replacement by the Hermes shuttle cassette; and (iii) conjugative transfer of the hybrid ptetM25.2 into the finalNeisseria recipient. Several applications for the genetic manipulation of pathogenicNeisseriae are described. 相似文献
27.
本文利用ESR技术研究了心肌线粒体酶修饰下的脂质过氧化和脂类自由基,以及(-)-EGCG的抑制作用。结果表明:4-POBN能捕集lipoxygengse诱发心肌线粒体产生的自由基,得到6条线谱的脂类自由基和4条线谱捕集物,(-)-EGCG对该体系中使用的1ipoxyenase活性无影响,对所产生的自由基有明显的清除作用,并呈量效关系。对脂质过氧化的抑制作用,在本试验浓度范围内随浓度增加变化不大,最大抑制率约20%。 相似文献
28.
Plasmid transfer to indigenous marine bacterial populations by natural transformation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Abstract Horizontal gene transfer among microbial populations has been assumed to occur in the environment, yet direct observations of this phenomenon are rare or limited to observations where the mechanism(s) could not be explicitly determined. Here we demonstrate the transfer of exogenous plasmid DNA to members of indigenous marine bacterial populations by natural transformation, the first report of this process for any natural microbial community. Ten percent of marine bacterial isolates examined were transformed by plasmid DNA while 14% were transformed by chromosomal DNA. Transformation of mixed marine microbial assemblages was observed in 5 of 14 experiments. In every case, acquisition of the plasmid by members of the indigenous flora was accompanied by modification (probably from genetic rearrangement or methylation) that altered its restriction enzyme digestion pattern. Estimation of transformation rates in estuarine environments based upon the distribution of competency and transformation frequencies in isolates and mixed populations ranged from 5 × 10−4 to 1.5 transformants/1 day. Extrapolation of these rates to ecosystem scales suggests that natural transformation may be an important mechanism for plasmid transfer among marine bacterial communities. 相似文献
29.
Ingrid Ahrenholtz Michael G. Lorenz Wilfried Wackernagel 《Archives of microbiology》1994,161(2):176-183
A quantitative endonuclease assay, which relies on the introduction of single and double strand breaks into supercoiled plasmid DNA, was used to study the activity of the extracellular nuclease of Serratia marcescens SM6 in buffer and in groundwater. The parallel enzyme concentration-dependent production of relaxed and linear plasmid molecules suggests that the nuclease produces single and double strand breaks in duplex DNA. Bovine serum albumin stimulated the nuclease activity towards DNA and RNA and increased the stability of the enzyme against thermal inactivation. The DNase activity at 4 °C and 50 °C was almost half of that at the optimum temperature (37 °C). The nuclease was active in groundwater, although the specific activity was lower than in buffer. In a groundwater aquifer microcosm, mineral-adsorbed transforming DNA was substantially less accessible to the nuclease than was dissolved DNA. The data suggest that the extracellular nuclease of Serratia marcescens may contribute to DNA turnover in the environment and that adsorption of DNA to minerals provides protection against the nuclease.Abbreviations GW groundwater
GWA groundwater aquifer 相似文献
30.