鼻内镜术前应用枸地氯雷他定对慢性鼻窦炎的治疗效果及对患者嗅觉功能和鼻黏膜形态的影响

摘要 目的：探讨鼻内镜术前应用枸地氯雷他定对慢性鼻窦炎的治疗效果及对患者嗅觉功能和鼻黏膜形态的影响。方法：选取我院2019年1月到2022年12月收治的80例慢性鼻窦炎患者作为研究对象,分为观察组与对照组,各40例。对照组患者采取单纯鼻内镜手术治疗,观察组患者在术前应用枸地氯雷他定治疗1个月后再行鼻内镜手术,对比两组患者的临床治疗效果,治疗前后炎症因子水平,内镜下鼻粘膜形态量化评分,嗅觉功能与糖精试验时间。结果：两组患者治疗总有效率对比无差异（P＞0.05）;治疗后两组患者IL-6、IL-1、TNF-α相关炎症因子水平均降低,且观察组较对照组低（P＜0.05）;治疗前两组患者鼻漏、结痂、瘢痕、黏膜水肿、息肉、脓性分泌物等情况内镜下鼻粘膜形态量化评分对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组患者鼻漏、结痂、瘢痕、黏膜水肿、息肉、脓性分泌物等情况内镜下鼻粘膜形态量化评分均降低,且观察组较对照组低（P＜0.05）;治疗前两组患者嗅觉识别阈值、糖精试验时间对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组患者嗅觉识别阈值、糖精试验时间均降低,且观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：鼻内镜术前应用枸地氯雷他定对慢性鼻窦炎具有显著临床疗效,同时能够降低患者术后炎症因子水平,改善鼻黏膜形态,提升纤毛运动功能与嗅觉功能,值得临床应用推广。     

Vascular control of the pig nasal mucosa: distribution and effect of somatostatin in relation to noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y

By means of immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay (RIA), we have investigated the possible occurrence of somatostatin (SOM)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) in the autonomic innervation of the pig nasal mucosa. SOM-immunoreactive (-IR) fibres were present around nasal arteries, arterioles and venous sinusoids. Double-labelling experiments revealed that SOM-LI was co-localized with the noradrenaline (NA) markers tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase as well as with neuropeptide Y (NPY) in a subpopulation of neurons in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion and in perivascular nerve terminals. Furthermore, SOM-LI was also present in perivascular fibres containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and NPY of presumably parasympathetic origin. The parasympathetic fibres that were associated with glands contained peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), VIP and NPY but not SOM, suggesting that in the nasal mucosa SOM-IR is restricted to perivascular nerves. As revealed by RIA, the content of SOM-LI in biopsies of both nasal mucosa and superior cervical sympathetic ganglion was about 12 pmol/g and the reverse phase HPLC characterisation of SOM-LI shown two separate peaks for SOM-28 and SOM-14.     

新型冠状病毒上海株(nCoV-SH01)的分离和鉴定

新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情对人类生命健康构成极大威胁。病毒的分离是构建新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV)细胞感染模型和动物感染模型的基础。本研究利用冠状病毒易感的Vero E6细胞,从1例上海感染者的咽拭子中分离到一株2019-nCoV,命名为nCoV-SH01。对该毒株全基因组采用一代Sanger和二代Illumina法测序,发现该毒株与GenBank MN908947的同源性＞99.99%。免疫荧光检测显示,该毒株与COVID-19康复者的血清呈阳性反应。当nCoV-SH01感染Vero E6细胞后,导致典型的合胞体病变,细胞病变效应明显且进展迅速,提示nCoV-SH01可用于进一步建立2019-nCoV的细胞感染和动物感染模型,为开展致病性研究以及抗病毒药物和疫苗研发奠定了基础。     

A quantitative assessment of bone area increase due to ornamentation in the Crocodylia

Bone ornamentation, in the form of highly repetitive motives created by pits and ridges, is a frequent feature on vertebrate skull roofs and osteoderms. The functional significance of this character remains a matter of controversy and speculation. The many diverging hypotheses proposed to explain it all share a common logical prerequisite: bone ornamentation should increase significantly the surface area of the bones that bear it. In order to test this assumption in the Crocodylia, we developed a method for quantifying the gain in area due to ornamentation using a three‐dimensional‐surface scanner. On crocodylian osteoderms, the gain in area can be up to 40%, and on the cranial table, it ranges between 10 and 32% in adult specimens (in both cases, it shows substantial differences between the adults of the various species included in the sample). Area gain on the snout is lesser (0–20% in adults), and more variable between species. In general, bone ornamentation is less pronounced, and results in fewer area gains in juvenile specimens. The main morphometric results yielded by this study are discussed in reference to the few comparative data available hitherto, and to the functional interpretations proposed by previous authors. J. Morphol. 276:1183–1192, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Skeleton weight allometry in aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates

The relation of skeleton weight to body weight with increasing size is compared for aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates. Due to the buoyancy of water, the skeleton weights of aquatic vertebrates (fishes and whales) vary in nearly direct proportion (exponent 1.0) to body weight; while the skeletons of terrestrial vertebrates occupy an increasingly greater proportion of total body weight as size increases (exponent greater than i. i) due to the necessity of supporting their weight on land.     

食管癌患者在放射治疗中不同营养途径的护理管理效应

目的:探讨不同营养途径包括直接经食管与间接经鼻饲、胃造瘘进食的食管癌患者在放射治疗过程中的护理措施和方法对患者的临床效应。方法:回顾性分析我科一年来放射治疗的63例食管鳞状细胞癌患者的临床资料,其中46例患者直接经食管进食,其余17例治疗前行鼻饲或胃造瘘进食,在治疗过程中注重对患者的心理护理、饮食及放疗并发症护理。结果:放疗前行鼻饲或食管造瘘患者在放疗过程中依从性好,放射性食管炎能更好的控制,未发生食管穿孔及食管气管瘘等重大放疗并发症。结论:放疗前行鼻饲或胃造瘘的食管癌患者,周密的观察与细致的护理,主动的护患沟通,会导致积极的临床效应,可减轻放射损伤,降低食管穿孔及食管气管瘘的几率,延长患者生命,提高其生活质量。     

小盗龙亚科(兽脚亚目:驰龙科)——新标本及简评复合骨在兽脚亚目中的演化（英文）

小盗龙亚科是驰龙科兽脚类恐龙中新近发现的一个亚群,多数属种产自中国辽宁西部下白垩统热河群。本文描记一件产自辽宁省朝阳县大平房地区九佛堂组(热河群上段)的小盗龙亚科的新标本,该标本具有一些未曾报道过的有趣形态特征。尤其值得关注的是,一些特征呈现出介于中国鸟龙和小盗龙之间的过渡状态,其中部分来自牙齿和坐骨。这些特征突出显示了在更接近典型驰龙类的中国鸟龙和具有许多伤齿龙科特征的小盗龙之间存在着一系列的形态变异。然而,这些变异特征在分类上的意义尚未得到充分评估。特别值得一提的是该标本中相互愈合的耻骨和肠骨,这一特征有助于阐明复合骨在兽脚类恐龙中的演化模式。初步分析显示许多鸟类的复合骨都是通过在过型形成过程中各组分的顺序愈合形成的。     

NAR患者鼻灌洗EOS与诱导痰EOS的相关性研究

目的:评估非变应性鼻炎(nonallergic rhinitis,NAR)患者全身、鼻腔及下气道嗜酸性粒细胞(Eosinophils,EOS)浸润水平及相关性。探讨EOS在NAR患者鼻腔及下气道的特征及意义。方法:2011年6月~2012年6月在我院就诊的NAR患者241例,同期征集健康对照组222例,所有受试者均进行病史采集、皮肤点刺实验(SPT)、血清嗜酸性粒细胞、鼻灌洗、诱导痰检查。结果:1NAR组和对照组相比鼻灌洗EOS计数、诱导痰EOS比例、血EOS比例均显著高于健康对照组(P均0.01)。2有鼻腔EOS炎症和无鼻腔EOS炎症层的诱导痰EOS百分比阳性率分别为34.7%vs 9.6%(P0.01)。3NAR组鼻灌洗EOS计数和诱导痰EOS比例存在明显相关性(r=0.262,P=0.000),鼻灌洗EOS计数和血EOS比例存在明显相关性(r=0.228,P=0.000),诱导痰EOS比例和血EOS比例存在明显相关性(r=0.291,P=0.000)。结论:NAR患者血液、鼻腔及下气道EOS浸润程度较正常对照组均明显升高,EOS在NAR患者血液、鼻腔及下气道炎症中存在明显一致性,提示NAR是一种全身系统性炎症性疾病;无下气道症状的NAR患者部分存在下气道EOS炎症,鼻腔及血液EOS炎症是导致下气道EOS炎症的主要高危因素。鼻灌洗EOS可能是观测NAR患者下气道炎症及对下气道炎症进行评估和追踪的有效指标。EOS可能是鼻炎、哮喘及血液炎症相关的效应细胞,是上下气道炎症有效生物标记物。     

Intercellular spaces between macula densa cells: An ultrastructural study comparing high pressure perfusion fixation with in situ drip-fixation of rat kidney

Summary Polyclonal antibodies have been raised against purified bovine pyrazine-binding protein, a protein that binds the odorant 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine. These antibodies have been utilized in immunocytochemical experiments to localize the pyrazine-binding protein in bovine nasal mucosa. Tissue fragments, macroscopically identified as olfactory and respiratory mucosa, were fixed in Bouin's fluid and embedded in paraffin. Consecutive serial sections were processed for immunofluorescence studies and restained either with haematoxylin-eosin or with periodic acid Schiff-Alcian Blue. In both olfactory and respiratory mucosa, only seromucous tubulo-acinar glands were specifically labelled. These glands are located in the lamina propria underlying typical respiratory epithelium, even in those tissues that are macroscopically defined as olfactory mucosa.     

考古动物群中的偏移现象——埋藏学的视角

考古动物群是由古代生物群经过死亡群、埋藏群、化石群的逐次"过滤"而形成的一个"采集群"[1]。在这一漫长而复杂的地质历史过程中,不同来源、不同规模、不同作用方式的多种埋藏学因素都在其中打上了自己的深刻"烙印",并在各自的层面上改变了考古动物群的最终面貌,从而导致了化石记录与原始生物群之间的客观偏移。因此,在对考古遗址发掘出土的大量动物化石进行合理解释之前,有必要了解和研究那些可能影响考古动物群最终组成的埋藏学过程或动因。本文以东亚地区的几项埋藏学研究为例,重点阐释了一些可能导致考古动物群偏移的埋藏学过程。