A new species of Stenoloba Staudinger, 1892 from China (Lepidoptera,Noctuidae, Bryophilinae)

A new species of Stenoloba from the olivacea species group, Stenoloba solaris, sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is described from Yunnan, China. Illustrations of the male holotype and its genitalia are provided. A diagnostic comparison is made with Stenoloba albistriata Kononenko & Ronkay, 2000, Stenoloba olivacea (Wileman, 1914), and Stenoloba benedeki Ronkay, 2001 (Fig. 4).Open in a separate windowFigures 1–5.Stenoloba spp. adults and biotope. 1 Stenoloba solaris, sp. n., male, holotypus, Yunnan, China (GBG/ZSM) 2 Stenoloba albistriata, male, paratypus, N. Vietnam (ZFMK) 3 Stenoloba olivacea, male, Taiwan (HNHM) 4 Stenoloba benedeki, male, paratypus, N. Vietnam (HNHM) 5 Type locality of Stenoloba solaris, sp. n. China, NW Yunnan, Lijiang/Zhongdian near Tuguancum, 27°29''700"N, 99°53''700"E.     

Description of Pella maoershanensis sp. n. (Coleoptera,Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) associated with Lasius spathepus from Guangxi,South China

Pellamaoershanensis Song & Li, sp. n., collected from a colony of Lasius (Dendrolasius) spathepus in Maoershan Natural Reserve, Guangxi, is diagnosed, described and illustrated. The discovery represents the first record of the genus in South China.     

Revision of the Chinese Cleptes (Hymenoptera,Chrysididae) with description of new species

The genus Cleptes Latreille, 1802 from China is revised and illustrated for the first time. Seventeen species of Cleptes are recorded. Nine species are new to science, Cleptes albonotatus sp. n., Cleptes eburnecoxis sp. n., Cleptes flavolineatus sp. n., Cleptes helanshanus sp. n., Cleptes niger sp. n., Cleptes shengi sp. n., Cleptes sinensis sp. n., Cleptes tibetensis sp. n., and Cleptes villosus sp. n.,and two species are reported as new to China, Cleptes metallicorpus Ha, Lee & Kim, 2011, and Cleptes seoulensis Tsuneki, 1959.     

Discovery of the male of Lobrathium rotundiceps (Koch), and a new species of Lobrathium from Jiangxi,East China (Coleoptera,Staphylinidae, Paederinae)

The male of Lobrathium rotundiceps (Koch, 1939) from Zhejiang and L. luoxiaoense sp. n. from Jiangxi are described and illustrated.     

Net greenhouse gas balance in response to nitrogen enrichment: perspectives from a coupled biogeochemical model

Increasing reactive nitrogen (N) input has been recognized as one of the important factors influencing climate system through affecting the uptake and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). However, the magnitude and spatiotemporal variations of N‐induced GHG fluxes at regional and global scales remain far from certain. Here we selected China as an example, and used a coupled biogeochemical model in conjunction with spatially explicit data sets (including climate, atmospheric CO₂, O₃, N deposition, land use, and land cover changes, and N fertilizer application) to simulate the concurrent impacts of increasing atmospheric and fertilized N inputs on balance of three major GHGs (CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O). Our simulations showed that these two N enrichment sources in China decreased global warming potential (GWP) through stimulating CO₂ sink and suppressing CH₄ emission. However, direct N₂O emission was estimated to offset 39% of N‐induced carbon (C) benefit, with a net GWP of three GHGs averaging ?376.3 ± 146.4 Tg CO₂ eq yr^?1 (the standard deviation is interannual variability of GWP) during 2000–2008. The chemical N fertilizer uses were estimated to increase GWP by 45.6 ± 34.3 Tg CO₂ eq yr^?1 in the same period, and C sink was offset by 136%. The largest C sink offset ratio due to increasing N input was found in Southeast and Central mainland of China, where rapid industrial development and intensively managed crop system are located. Although exposed to the rapidly increasing N deposition, most of the natural vegetation covers were still showing decreasing GWP. However, due to extensive overuse of N fertilizer, China's cropland was found to show the least negative GWP, or even positive GWP in recent decade. From both scientific and policy perspectives, it is essential to incorporate multiple GHGs into a coupled biogeochemical framework for fully assessing N impacts on climate changes.     

The production of phytolith‐occluded carbon in China's forests: implications to biogeochemical carbon sequestration

The persistent terrestrial carbon sink regulates long‐term climate change, but its size, location, and mechanisms remain uncertain. One of the most promising terrestrial biogeochemical carbon sequestration mechanisms is the occlusion of carbon within phytoliths, the silicified features that deposit within plant tissues. Using phytolith content–biogenic silica content transfer function obtained from our investigation, in combination with published silica content and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) data of leaf litter and herb layer in China's forests, we estimated the production of phytolith‐occluded carbon (PhytOC) in China's forests. The present annual phytolith carbon sink in China's forests is 1.7 ± 0.4 Tg CO₂ yr ^{? 1}, 30% of which is contributed by bamboo because the production flux of PhytOC through tree leaf litter for bamboo is 3–80 times higher than that of other forest types. As a result of national and international bamboo afforestation and reforestation, the potential of phytolith carbon sink for China's forests and world's bamboo can reach 6.8 ± 1.5 and 27.0 ± 6.1 Tg CO₂ yr^?1, respectively. Forest management practices such as bamboo afforestation and reforestation may significantly enhance the long‐term terrestrial carbon sink and contribute to mitigation of global climate warming.     

南黄海沉积物中的丝孢菌初报

从南黄海采集沉积物样品19份,共分离到74个丝孢菌分离物。除22个青霉属菌株未鉴定至种外,其余经鉴定属于18属20种。其中包括1个中国新记录属Devriesia;2个中国新记录种Devriesia pseudoamericana、Scedosporium dehoogii;其余18种为中国已知种。对中国新记录属种进行形态学描述和基于ITS序列的分子生物学分析,对18个国内已报道种则只作分布和生境的引证。所有菌种均保存在中国海洋大学海洋生物标本室(OUCMB)。     

Internal supporting structures of some Late Ordovician graptolites from South China revealed by micro-CT

Three-dimensionally preserved pyritic internal moulds of the Late Ordovician graptolites Appendispinograptus leptothecalis and Styracograptus chiai from the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation of the Daheba section, Hunan Province, South China, were imaged by micro-CT. The distinctive pea-shaped pits/dimples aligned in a zigzag line arising from the second/third thecal pair on the tubarium in these species are interpreted as the surface expression of the junction between the lateral thecal walls and the thickened internal cross-bars that support the nema. The relations between different internal structures such as the nema, median septum, aboral lists, interthecal septa and cross-bars are summarized, and examples of these supporting systems in different taxa are illustrated. The presence of isolated cross-bars in different diplograptid tubarium may suggest that they have evolved as a result of constructional restrictions.     

Length-weight relationships of eight fish from seagrass meadows in Wenchang,China

The length-weight relationships (LWRs) were studied for eight seagrass fish from Wenchang, China, using gill nets (150*1 m, mesh size 0.5 cm), including Gerres oblongus, Ambassis kopsii, Halichoeres nigrescens, Sillago aeolus, Yongeichthys criniger, Oxyurichthys tentacularis, Lethrinus haematopterus and Hypoatherina tsurugae, in November 2017, March and August 2018. Results suggest that mean LWR parameters b for these eight seagrass fish varied from 2.801 for L. haematopterus to 3.640 for A. kopsii, and r² valued from .950 for L. haematopterus to 0.993 for H. nigrescens. This study will help us to better understand the ecological parameters these seagrass fish.     

Noise does not equal bias in assessing the evolutionary history of the angiosperm flora of China: A response to Qian (2019)

In response to our paper on the evolutionary history of the Chinese flora, Qian suggests that certain features of the divergence time estimation employed might have led to biased conclusions in Lu et al (2018). Here, we consider Qian's specific criticisms, explore the extent of uncertainty in the data and demonstrate that (i) no systematic bias toward dates that are too young or too old is detected in Lu et al.; (ii) constraint of the crown age of angiosperms does not bias the generic ages estimated by Lu et al.; and (iii) ages derived from the Chinese regional phylogeny do not bias the conclusions reported by Lu et al. All these analyses confirm that the conclusions reported previously are robust. We argue that, like many large-scale biodiversity analyses, sources of noise in divergence time estimation are to be expected, but these should not be confused with bias.