利用支持向量机和马氏判别式预测人类polⅡ启动子

通过选取人类启动子与非启动子序列中不同的k-mer作为预测算法的基础特征,分别以三个区域（-249～-1;0～＋50;-30～＋30）的6-mer频数作为离散源参数构建离散增量,同时选取24个位点（-31～-21;-4-＋2;＋25-＋29）的3-mer频数作为位置打分函数的参数,分别利用支持向量机和马氏判别式为判别函数对启动子进行预测。用10折叠交叉检验来衡量两种算法的预测能力,预测结果成功率分别达到87．0％和87．9％。对于独立检验集,敏感性分别为62．7％和76．0％,特异性分别为77．5％和66.8％。     

AngⅡ通过激活Notch1/Sox2通路对肝星状细胞LX2的活化和增殖的作用

目的探讨AngⅡ通过靶向调控Notch1/Sox2肝星状细胞LX2细胞的增殖。 方法通过CCK8检测AngⅡ对肝星状细胞增殖能力的影响,通过羟脯氨酸酸法检测AngⅡ对肝星状细胞胶原合成能力的影响,并通过脂质体转染siRNA-Notch1构建Notch1低表达细胞模型,通过CCK8检测敲低Notch1对AngⅡ诱导的肝星状细胞LX2增殖的影响,通过Western Blot检测敲低Notch1对AngⅡ诱导的肝星状细胞LX2蛋白表达的影响。所有的检测结果都进行生物学重复。采用方差分析和t检验进行统计学分析。 结果CCK8结果显示,AngⅡ（5、10、20、40、80 nmol/L）预处理A450值分别为0.67±0.06、0.88±0.07、0.98±0.07、1.08±0.07、1.23±0.07,较对照组0.57±0.05上升,差异具有统计学意义（F = 45.76,P < 0.01）,羟脯氨酸检查结果显示,AngⅡ（10、20、40 nmol/L）预处理组羟脯氨酸浓度分别为（2.60±0.20）、（3.47±0.25）、（4.17±0.21）mg/L,羟脯氨酸浓度较对照组（1.90±0.10）mg/L上升,差异具有统计学意义（F = 75.18,P < 0.01）。Western Blot结果显示,AngⅡ10、20、40 nmol/L组Notch1蛋白表达水平分别为0.20±0.02、0.54±0.04、0.82±0.03,与正常对照组0.11±0.02发生升高,差异具有统计学意义（F = 400.50,P < 0.01）。Notch1干扰后,CCK8结果显示,siRNA-Notch1+AngⅡ组（10、20、40 nmol/L）A450值分别为0.53±0.06、0.83±0.03、1.03±0.03,与siRNA-NC+ AngⅡ对照组0.97±0.06,1.43±0.06,1.73±0.06比较发生降低（P < 0.01）。进一步Western Blot结果显示,Notch1敲低组（AngⅡ+ siRNA-Notch1）Notch1、HES1和Sox2蛋白表达水平分别为1.47±0.12、0.77±0.06和0.50±0.10,分别与AngⅡ对照组2.83±0.15、2.20±0.10和1.17±0.06比较,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。 结论AngⅡ通过激活Notch1/Sox2信号促进肝星状细胞LX2增殖。     

辽西北风沙地区不同无性系桑树抗旱性

为选育适合辽西北风沙地区生长的优良桑树品种,以沈阳农业大学选育的"沈桑1号"(SS)、辽宁省阜新市彰武县优株(ZW)、吉林省通化市集安县桑树优株(JS)3种优质桑树无性系以及东北主栽品种"龙桑1号"(LS)为试验材料,通过测定不同无性系桑树在干旱胁迫下的叶片光合色素含量、光响应曲线、不同光强对气体交换参数的影响以及光系...     

产Ⅱ类细菌素乳酸菌群体感应及其应用

群体感应(quorum sensing,QS)是微生物通过感知与细胞密度相关的信号分子的浓度来调控基因表达的一种行为。许多产Ⅱ类细菌素乳酸菌通过自诱导肽介导的QS系统调控其细菌素的合成。本文综述了乳酸菌Ⅱ类细菌素合成的QS调控现象、调控机制、QS系统组分以及QS的应用。产Ⅱ类细菌素乳酸菌QS的研究,必将为揭示发酵调控机理、调控发酵过程提供新的研究平台,为食品级基因表达系统的开发提供新的选择。     

定点突变改变近平滑假丝酵母SCRⅡ催化苯乙酮衍生物底物谱

【目的】通过定点突变技术,改变近平滑假丝酵母短链羰基还原酶Ⅱ(SCRⅡ)催化苯乙酮衍生物的功能,为数种手性芳香醇的生产提供一种高效、安全的新型制备方法。【方法】通过氨基酸序列和蛋白结构比对的方法,选择SCRⅡ的底物结合域中关键氨基酸位点E228实施突变,构建相应的突变株Escherichia coliBL21/pET28a-E228S;以苯乙酮衍生物为底物,对突变株的酶活和生物转化功能进行了分析。【结果】酶活测定结果表明:突变株E.coli BL21/pET28a-E228S催化原始底物2-羟基苯乙酮的酶活仅为原始酶活的25%左右;而催化苯乙酮、4’-甲基苯乙酮、4’-氯苯乙酮的酶活是突变前的7-20倍。突变株E.coli BL21/pET28a-E228S生物转化2-羟基苯乙酮,获得产物(S)-苯基乙二醇的得率不超过10%,而以苯乙酮、4’-甲基苯乙酮、4’-氯苯乙酮为底物时,生物转化产物光学纯度维持在99%,得率高达80%以上。【结论】对底物结合域中的关键氨基酸实施突变,提高了SCRⅡ催化苯乙酮衍生物的底物广谱性,拓展了该酶的生物功能,为理性改造短链羰基还原酶的不对称还原催化功能和手性芳香醇的制备提供了新型途径。     

Regulatory networks,genes and glycerophospholipid biosynthesis pathway in schistosomiasis: A systems biology view for pharmacological intervention

Understanding network topology through embracing the global dynamical regulation of genes in an active state space rather than traditional one-gene–one trait approach facilitates the rational drug development process. Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, has glycerophospholipids as abundant molecules present on its surface. Lack of effective clinical solutions to treat pathogens encourages us to carry out systems-level studies that could contribute to the development of an effective therapy. Development of a strategy for identifying drug targets by combined genome-scale metabolic network and essentiality analyses through in silico approaches provides tantalizing opportunity to investigate the role of protein/substrate metabolism. A genome-scale metabolic network model reconstruction represents choline–phosphate cytidyltransferase as the rate limiting enzyme and regulates the rate of phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis. The uptake of choline was regulated by choline concentration, promoting the regulation of phosphocholine synthesis. In Schistosoma, the change in developmental stage could result from the availability of choline, hampering its developmental cycle. There are no structural reports for this protein. In order to inhibit the activity of choline–phosphate cytidyltransferase (CCT), it was modeled by homology modeling using 1COZ as the template from Bacillus subtilis. The transition-state stabilization and catalytic residues were mapped as ‘HXGH’ and ‘RTEGISTT’ motif. CCT catalyzes the formation of CDP-choline from phosphocholine in which nucleotidyltransferase adds CTP to phosphocholine. The presence of phosphocholine permits the parasite to survive in an immunologically hostile environment. This feature endeavors development of an inhibitor specific for cytidyltransferase in Schistosoma. Flavonolignans were used to inhibit this activity in which hydnowightin showed the highest affinity as compared to miltefosine.     

基于COⅡ基因序列的斑腿蝗科部分亚科的分子系统学研究

采用PCR产物直接测序法测定了斑腿蝗科10个亚科16属22种的COⅡ基因585 bp的片段, 对序列的碱基组成进行了分析,并评估了数据集的系统发育信号;最后,以癞蝗科的肃南 短鼻蝗作为外群,采用NJ法、MP法、ML法以及贝叶斯推论法构建了系统树,以解决这些物种所代表的亚科之间的系统发育关系。结果表明：22种斑腿蝗科昆虫的COⅡ基因序列碱基组成表现强烈的A+T含量偏向性。对COⅡ基因585 bp序列片段构成的全数据组和根据密码子不同位点划分的密码子第一、第二和第三位点数据组的系统发育信号分析显示,所有数据组都具有一定的系统发育信息。在4种方法得到的合一树中发现： （1）星翅蝗亚科、刺胸蝗亚科、黑背蝗亚科、斑腿蝗亚科的亲缘关系较近;（2）卵翅蝗亚科与稻蝗亚科亲缘关系较近,建议卵翅蝗亚科似乎应归入稻蝗亚科中,板胸蝗亚科与这两个亚科的关系较近;（3）黑蝗亚科和秃蝗亚科似乎应合并为一个亚科;（4）切翅蝗亚科的4个属未聚在一起,表明这些属的区别较大,不是一个单系群;（5）黑蝗亚科和秃蝗亚科关系较近,且与本研究中其他几个亚科的亲缘关系相对较远。研究结果表明COⅡ基因在解决斑腿蝗科的亚科以下属种间的系统发育关系时是一个有效的分子标记。     

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and plant regeneration of Brassica oleracea var. capitata

An efficient protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of four commercial cultivars of Brassica oleracea var. capitata is described. A strain of A. tumefaciens LBA4404 with the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (nptII) and a CaMV 35S-peroxidase gene cassette were used for co-cultivation. Preliminary selection of regenerated transgenic plants was performed on kanamycin-containing medium. The frequency of transgenic plants was calculated on the basis of GUS (β-glucuronidase) activity detected by the histochemical X-gluc test. Tissue-specific GUS expression driven by the peroxidase gene promoter in transgenic plants was analysed by GUS staining. The transformation rates of the commercial cultivars of B. oleracea was higher than in previous reports. Southern blot analysis revealed that integration of marker genes occurred in single and multiple loci in the genome. All transgenic plants grew normally after a brief vernalization period and showed stable inheritance of the marker gene. The present study demonstrates that morphologically normal, fertile transgenic plants of B. oleracea can be obtained. Received: 24 August 1999 / Revision received: 23 November 1999 / Accepted: 3 December     

光系统Ⅱ核心复合物的化学修饰及其光谱性质研究

光系统II核心复合物的化学修饰及其光谱性质研究 李淑芹 陈耀东 唐崇钦 李良璧 匡廷云 （中国科学院植物研究所光合作用研究中心,北京100093）     

大豆C4途径与光系统Ⅱ光化学功能的相互关系

Four C4 pathway enzymes of “Heinong 41" leaves of soybeans (Glycine max　（L） Merr.) were assayed in five developmental stages. Pn (the net photosynthetic rate) and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fo, qP, qN and ΦPSⅡ) were also measured. The results indicated that the activities of C4 enzymes, Pn, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and the ratio of PEPCase (PEP carboxylase)/RuBPCase (ribulose-1,5-biphosphate) shared the same changing trait during the whole developmental stages of “Heinong 41". Correlation analysis showed that the activities of C4 enzymes, Pn, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were positively correlated with the ratio of PEPCase/RuBPCase. All these suggested that the degree of C4 pathway expression in “Heinong 41" leaves were positively correlated with its Pn; the photochemical function of PSⅡ was adjusted to meet the specific energy requirements for the operation of C4 pathway with the improvement of C4 expression.