BRD7 suppresses the growth of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma cells (HNE1) through negatively regulating β-catenin and ERK pathways

BRD7 is a novel gene which involved NPC in our lab. Our previous studies showed that BRD7 was expressed at high level in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues, but at low level in nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies and cell lines. In these papers, we found that ectopic expression of BRD7 can decrease cell proliferation and capability to form colonies in soft agar. FCM (Flow cytometry) assay indicated that the cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase was inhibited and the expression of cyclinD1 was significantly decreased after being transfected with BRD7 in HNE1 cells (NPC cells). To further investigate the molecular mechanism of BRD7 suppression of NPC cells growth, the cDNA microarray was performed to detect difference in gene expression profile induced by BRD7. The results indicated that 21 genes expression were changed after being transfected with BRD7 and the differentially expressed gene including α-catenin, cyclinD1, E2F3 was confirmed by western-blot. Next, we found that even though no obvious changes of the total expression of β-catenin were observed, the accumulation of β-catenin in nucleus was blocked. In addition, it was found that the expression of β-catenin was up-regulated in the complex composed of β-catenin and α-catenin in HNE1 cells induction of BRD7. So, we concluded that over-expression of BRD7 increased the expression of α-catenin which “hold” β-catenin in the complex and inhibited its accumulating in nucleus. At last, we demonstrated the c-jun, p-MEK, and p-ERK1/2 expression were down-regulated, and the Ap-1 promoter activity was inactive after being transfected with BRD7. We also found that over-expression of BRD7 can inactivate the c-jun and p-ERK1/2 after being treated with EGF in HNE1 cells. These results indicated that BRD7 played a negative role in ERK1/2 pathway. Taken together, our present results provide new insights for BRD7 function to inhibit NPC cells growth through negative regulating β-catenin and ERK1/2 pathways.     

Human NPC1L1 and NPC1 can functionally substitute for the ncr genes to promote reproductive development in C. elegans

The NPC1 and NPC1L1 are related genes whose general role is in cholesterol trafficking. However, reduction of activity of these genes results in very different phenotypes. Niemann–Pick C disease type 1 is a neurodegenerative disease with no current treatment, where cholesterol accumulates in lysosomes. The disease arises due to autosomal recessive mutations in the NPC1 gene. The NPC1L1 gene has recently been identified as the target for the drug ezetimibe (Zetia), a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, and has been shown to be an intestinal cholesterol transporter. We demonstrate that human NPC1L1, as well as human NPC1, can functionally substitute for the Caenorhabditis elegans genes ncr-1 and/or ncr-2. These genes are known to play a role in the process of dauer formation, a process which can be modulated by cholesterol in sensitized genetic backgrounds. Our results demonstrate that these human proteins retain some functional conservation, though their biological roles are vastly different.     

Multiple Surface Regions on the Niemann-Pick C2 Protein Facilitate Intracellular Cholesterol Transport

The cholesterol storage disorder Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is caused by defects in either of two late endosomal/lysosomal proteins, NPC1 and NPC2. NPC2 is a 16-kDa soluble protein that binds cholesterol in a 1:1 stoichiometry and can transfer cholesterol between membranes by a mechanism that involves protein-membrane interactions. To examine the structural basis of NPC2 function in cholesterol trafficking, a series of point mutations were generated across the surface of the protein. Several NPC2 mutants exhibited deficient sterol transport properties in a set of fluorescence-based assays. Notably, these mutants were also unable to promote egress of accumulated intracellular cholesterol from npc2^−/− fibroblasts. The mutations mapped to several regions on the protein surface, suggesting that NPC2 can bind to more than one membrane simultaneously. Indeed, we have previously demonstrated that WT NPC2 promotes vesicle-vesicle interactions. These interactions were abrogated, however, by mutations causing defective sterol transfer properties. Molecular modeling shows that NPC2 is highly plastic, with several intense positively charged regions across the surface that could interact favorably with negatively charged membrane phospholipids. The point mutations generated in this study caused changes in NPC2 surface charge distribution with minimal conformational changes. The plasticity, coupled with membrane flexibility, probably allows for multiple cholesterol transfer routes. Thus, we hypothesize that, in part, NPC2 rapidly traffics cholesterol between closely appositioned membranes within the multilamellar interior of late endosomal/lysosomal proteins, ultimately effecting cholesterol egress from this compartment.     

一个定位在7q32染色体区域的鼻咽癌负相关EST

为了分离和克隆定位于７ｑ３２染色体区域的与鼻咽癌发病有关的抑瘤基因,检测了鼻咽癌活检组织及配对外周血标本中７ｑ３２微卫星ＤＮＡ多态性位点的基因型,发现在７ｑ３２区域存在３０％左右的杂合性丢失,从Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ中查询到定位于７ｑ３２区域的所有不同ＥＳＴ,对其中２０个ＥＳＴ进行分析,ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ和Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交发现,ＡＡ０７０４３７,ＥＳＴ在鼻咽癌细胞株ＨＮＥ１中表达微弱,而在正常鼻咽上皮原代     

miR-137/ERRα axis mediates chemoresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck region and is characterized by an increased risk of developing chemoresistance after treatment. The present study demonstrated that estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) was upregulated in cisplatin- and fluorouracil-resistant NPC cells. In addition, ERRα knockdown or treatment of cells with the ERRα inverse agonist XCT-790 attenuated the chemoresistance of NPC cells. Mechanistically, the increased expression of ERRα in chemoresistant cells was associated with enhanced mRNA stability. Bioinformatics analysis for screening microRNAs (miRs) regulating the expression of ERRα revealed that miR-137 was downregulated in chemoresistant NPC cells. Additionally, transfection of cells with miR-137 mimics reduced ERRα mRNA stability and increased the chemosensitivity of NPC cells. Furthermore, ERRα knockdown reduced glucose consumption, and lactate and ATP production rates in chemoresistant cells. The aforementioned findings suggested that the miR-137/ERRα-mediated metabolic programming could be involved in the chemoresistance of NPC cells.     

环状RNA参与鼻咽癌发生发展

环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一种具有共价闭环结构的非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA),因其具有高稳定性、进化保守性和组织表达特异性的特点,越来越受到人们的关注。现有研究表明,circRNA参与恶性肿瘤等多种疾病的发生发展过程。鼻咽癌是一种起源于鼻咽上皮的恶性肿瘤,在中国华南和东南亚地区高发,发病与EB病毒（Epstein-Barr virus,EBV）感染密切相关。目前放疗和化疗是鼻咽癌治疗的主要手段,复发和远处转移是鼻咽癌患者死亡的主要原因。近年研究表明,circRNA作为基因表达调节因子,在鼻咽癌发生发展过程中发挥着重要的作用,影响着鼻咽癌的进展。本文主要综述了鼻咽癌中表达异常的circRNA,包括EB病毒编码的circRNA,在鼻咽癌发生发展中的研究现状,探讨了circRNA作为鼻咽癌患者治疗的潜在靶点以及诊断和预后标志物的可能性。     

Comprehensive structure and functional adaptations of the yeast nuclear pore complex

1. Download : Download high-res image (227KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Formalin-fixed and Paraffin-embedded Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Using iTRAQ Labeling,Two-dimensional Liquid Chromatography,and Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens represent a potentially valuable resource for protein biomarker investigations. In this study, proteins were extracted by a heat-induced antigen retrieval technique combined with a retrieval solution containing 2% SDS from FFPE tissues of normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues (NNET) and three histological types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with diverse differentiation degrees. Then two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling was employed to quantitatively identify the differentially expressed proteins among the types of NPC FFPE tissues. Our study resulted in the identification of 730 unique proteins, the distributions of subcellular localizations and molecular functions of which were similar to those of the proteomic database of human NPC and NNET that we had set up based on the frozen tissues. Additionally, the relative expression levels of cathepsin D, keratin8, SFN, and stathmin1 identified and quantified in this report were consistent with the immunohistochemistry results acquired in our previous study. In conclusion, we have developed an effective approach to identifying protein changes in FFPE NPC tissues utilizing iTRAQ technology in conjunction with an economical and easily accessible sample preparation method. (J Histochem Cytochem 58:517–527, 2010)