天麻种子与兰小菇共生萌发过程中超微结构变化研究

天麻Ｇａｓｔｒｏｄｉａｅｌａｔａ种子与兰小菇Ｍｙｃｅｎａｏｒｃｈｉｄｉｃｏｌａ的共生萌发试验表明兰小菇可与天麻种子共生促进天麻种子萌发并形成原球茎。菌丝自胚柄端的柄状细胞侵入天麻种子原胚,其分布被限制在天麻原球茎基部的柄状细胞、外皮层细胞和内皮层细胞内,均被电子透明物质和原球茎细胞质膜包围而与原球茎细胞质相隔离。菌丝在外皮层细胞中形成菌丝结,在内皮层细胞中则被消化,形成扁化、衰败的菌丝或菌丝四块。含有衰败菌丝的原球茎细胞可被菌丝重新定殖,新近定殖的菌丝又被原球茎细胞消化。     

Short communication: In vitro evaluation of a Bacillus sp. for the biological control of the coffee phytopathogen Mycena citricolor

A cell-free supernatant and an ethanolic extract of a 3-day-old culture of Bacillus UCR-236 inhibited the growth of Mycena citricolor, as determined by the Oxford cylinder method. A 3-day-old culture of the same bacterium also decreased leaf infection by the pathogen in a moisture-chamber test.     

供给天麻种子萌发营养的真菌——紫萁小菇

从天麻种子发芽的原球茎中,共分离到12种可供给天麻种子萌发营养的真菌,其中最优良的01号菌株,诱导培养出子实体,经鉴定为紫萁小菇(Mycena osmundicola Lange),属国内新纪录。用01号菌株及紫萁小菇培养的染菌树叶,伴播天麻种子都可发芽,经酯酶同工酶凝胶电泳分析,二者酶带条数、迁移率(RF值)基本相同,证明鉴定结果可靠(标本保存在医科院药植所真菌研究室)。     

吉林省担子菌补记(五)

报道了 6种吉林省新记录担子菌 ,即斑玉蕈 [Hypsizygusmarmoreus (Peck)Bigelow],大幕侧耳[Pleurotuscalyptratus (Lindbl :Fr )Sacc ],矮包脚菇 [Volvariellapusilla (Pers :Fr )Sing ],白顶丽蘑[Calocybeleucocephala (Fr )Qu啨ｌ ],彩丽小菇 (MycenapictaHarmaja)和平截棒瑚菌 [Clavariadelphustruncatus(Qu啨ｌ )Donk ]。其中 ,斑玉蕈为首次在我国发现。     

促生小菇属菌株M23对黑果腺肋花楸光合作用的影响

以黑果腺肋花楸为试验材料,设置5个处理组,分别为阴性对照(CK)、阳性对照(PCK)、大田条件下根施低剂量T₁(每株50 g)、中剂量T₂(每株100 g)和高剂量T₃(每株200 g)3个水平的小菇属菌株M23,分析各处理组黑果腺肋花楸的农艺性状、叶绿素含量和生理指标,并利用Li-6400便携式光合仪测定光合特性日变化。结果表明: 黑果腺肋花楸净光合速率(P_n)呈双峰曲线,在13:00时叶片的气孔导度(g_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r)均明显下降,而胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)却显著升高,出现由非气孔限制因素引起的光合“午休”现象。加菌处理可成功避免光合“午休”现象,与13:00时对照组黑果腺肋花楸的平均值相比,加菌组的平均P_n、g_s、T_r、水分利用率(WUE)和光能利用率(LUE)提高了113%、91%、50%、48%和117%,且日均P_n、g_s、T_r和LUE显著高于对照组,分别约是对照组平均值的1.5、1.9、1.4和1.5倍。在加菌处理组中,高剂量的作用效果显著优于中、低剂量,株高是中、低剂量组的1.2倍。高剂量组黑果腺肋花楸的所有生长指标、光合参数和抗性指标均优于其他组。表明菌株M23可以通过提高黑果腺肋花楸的光合特性、增强对外界环境的适应能力等促进植株生长,且以每株200 g作用效果最佳。     

Cultural properties of a luminous mushroom,Mycena chlorophos

Cultural conditions on mycelial growth and fruit-body formation ofMycena chlorophos were studied. The optimum temperature of the mycelial growth was 27°C and the optimum initial pH of medium was 4.0. Peptone agar medium was suitable for the spawn culture. Compost medium containing rice bran at 10% (fw/fw) was appropriate for fruitbody formation in the Petri dish. Light was essential for initiation of primordia, and low-temperature treatment induced fruit-body formation effectively. The optimum conditions for fruit-body formation were found to be the cultivation at 27°C for 4 wk and continued cultivation for 3 wk under illumination at an intensity above 0.2 lx and at 21°C after casing with moist compost powder. In the fruit-bodies obtained, the maximum photosensitive wavelength of luminescence was 522 nm and the optimum temperature for emission was 27°C. The luminescence of a fruit-body was observed for about 3 d consecutively at 21°C.     

Two new records of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycena</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sacchariferae</Emphasis> from Japan and type study of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycena cryptomeriicola</Emphasis> (sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sacchariferae</Emphasis>)

Mycena cupulicola sp. nov. and M. adscendens var. carpophila, new to Japan, are described and illustrated. The former is characterized by having lageniform caulocystidia with a slightly thick-walled broadened base and no cheilocystidia. The latter is characterized by having a white pileus up to 1mm in diameter and narrowly conical caulocystidia. Mycena cryptomeriicola was confirmed to have inamyloid basoidiospores.     

小菇属三新种

本文报道了产自吉林省的小菇属(Myceno)三个新种:具核小菇(M.nucleata X.He et X.D.Fang),黄囊小菇(M.xanthocystidium X.He et.X.D.Fang)和棘囊小菇(M.brevispina X.He et X.D.Fang)。     

Second bioluminescence‐activating component in the luminous fungus Mycena chlorophos

Mycena chlorophos is an oxygen‐dependent bioluminescent fungus. The mechanisms underlying its light emission are unknown. A component that increased the bioluminescence intensity of the immature living gills of M. chlorophos was isolated from mature M. chlorophos gills and chemically characterized. The bioluminescence‐activating component was found to be trans‐3,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid and its bioluminescence activation was highly structure‐specific. ¹³C‐ and ¹⁸O‐labelling studies using the immature living gills showed that trans‐3,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid was synthesized from trans‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid in the gills by hydroxylation with molecular oxygen as well as by the general metabolism, and trans‐3,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid did not produce hispidin (detection‐limit concentration: 10 pmol/1 g wet gill). Addition of 0.01 mM hispidin to the immature living gills generated no bioluminescence activation. These results suggested that the prompt bioluminescence activation resulting from addition of trans‐3,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid could not be attributed to the generation of hispidin. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.