天麻种子与小菇属真菌共生萌发的研究*

Four fungal species of Mycena were identificated from the strains isolated from the protocorm and roots of Orchidaceae species.M anoectochial was isolated from the Proocorm of G.elata, M orchidicola, M.dendrobii and M anoectochila respectively separated from the roots of Cymbidium sinense, Dendrobium candidum and Anoectochilus roxburghii. The symbiotic germination test beteen G. Elata seeds and the above fungal species demonstrated that these flingal species can stimulate the seed germination, Which means t…     

天麻种子与兰小菇共生萌发过程中超微结构变化研究

天麻Ｇａｓｔｒｏｄｉａｅｌａｔａ种子与兰小菇Ｍｙｃｅｎａｏｒｃｈｉｄｉｃｏｌａ的共生萌发试验表明兰小菇可与天麻种子共生促进天麻种子萌发并形成原球茎。菌丝自胚柄端的柄状细胞侵入天麻种子原胚,其分布被限制在天麻原球茎基部的柄状细胞、外皮层细胞和内皮层细胞内,均被电子透明物质和原球茎细胞质膜包围而与原球茎细胞质相隔离。菌丝在外皮层细胞中形成菌丝结,在内皮层细胞中则被消化,形成扁化、衰败的菌丝或菌丝四块。含有衰败菌丝的原球茎细胞可被菌丝重新定殖,新近定殖的菌丝又被原球茎细胞消化。     

Antibiotics from basidiomycetes XVI. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic polyines from Mycena viridimarginata karst

Two new biologically active polyines were isolated from cultures of the fungus Mycena viridimarginata. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods as 10-hydroxy-undeca-2,4,6,8-tetraynamide (1) and 3,4,13-trihydroxy-tetradeca-5,7,9,11-tetraynoic acid--lactone (2). The main component (1) is highly antibiotically active and cytotoxic.Antibiotika aus Basidiomyceten XV. T. Anke, B.-M. Giannetti and W. Steglich: 1-Hydroxy-2-nonin-4-on, ein antifungischer und cytotoxischer Metabolit aus Ischnoderma benzoinum (Wahl.) Karst. Z. Naturforsch. 37c: 1–4 (1982)     

A Cytochenfical Study of Acid Phosphatas in the Mycorrhizal Cells of Gastrodia elata Seedling

A cytochemical study has been made to examine the activity of acid β-glycerophosphatase in the mycorrhizal cells of the seedling of Gastrodia elata BI. using thin sectioning technique in which sections were embedded in glycol mathacrylate (GMA). After the seedling was invaded by the hyphae of Mycena osmundicola Lange, two different kinds of infected cells were formed in its root cortex.the outer 1–2 cell layers namely the hyphae-containing cells (or host cells) contained many coiled hyphae pelotons; the inner comparativly large cell layer or fungus-digesting cells contained a few straight hyphae. Localization of acid phosphatase in hyphae-containing cells showed that only a few senescent hyphae retained the enzyme activity and the plant cells did not release hydrolytic enzyme. So it is considered that the hyphal lysis in hyphae-containing cell may be due to autolysis. In contrast, higher acid phosphatase activity was visualized in many vesicles and small vacuoles of the fungus-digesting cells. When a hypha entered a fungus-digesting cell through a hyphae-containing cell, a number of enzyme granules (i. e, enzymecontaining vesicles) gathered around it. Later on the enzyme granules expanded gradually and became small enzyme vacuoles of 1.6–2.0 μm in diameter. Still later the small enzyme vacuoles fused with each other to form a large vacuole in which a part of an invading hypha was enclosed and gradually digested by hydrolytic enzymes. Finally,the digesting vacuole changed into a residual body containing some metabolic waste. The above results suggest that fungus-digesting cells can actively release hydrolytic enzymes by lysosomal vesicles to digest the invading hyphae, but such function is not present in the hyphae-containing cells,the role of which may be attributed to attracting and controling the invading hyphae.     

石斛小菇的药理活性研究

对分离自野生铁皮石斛中的一种新的内生真菌石斛小菇进行了初步的药理活性测定,发现石斛小菇的发酵液对小鼠中枢神经系统有兴奋作用,石斛小菇菌丝体和发酵液的粗提物具有与中药石斛相似的镇痛作用,并结合化学方法确定了石斛小菇粗提物中与其镇痛药效相对应的活性部位。     

Cytodifferentiation of the Seeds (Protocorms) and Vegetative Propagation Corms Colonized by Mycorrhizal Fungi

The stipecell, subepidermal parenchyma cells and inner cortical parenchyma cells were differentiated from Gastrodia elata Bl. seed and protocorm cells when they were colonized by the fungal hyphae of Mycena osmundicola Lange and M. orchidicola Fan et Guo. The hyphae aggregated in the suspensor remnant surrounding stipecell, primarily penetrated the stipecell, and then colonized the embryo of seed. Stipecell is the unique invading site of the hyphae. Subepidermal parenchyma cells containing pelotons of hyphae is also a kind of passage cells of hyphae, but, when primarily colonized by hyphae, they can degenerate a little of hyphae. The hyphae colonizing inner cortical parenchyma cells were totally degenerated, and the function of inner ocrtical parenchyma cells is digestive. The vegetative propagation corms, which differentiated from protocorms, were recolonized by Armilariella mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Karst., and the hyphae of A. mellea and M. osmundicola were found in the same cell, but there is a layer of cells uncolonized by mycorrhizal fungal hyphae. This means the two fungal species can not crisscross colonize the cell of G. elata.     

中国小菇属四新记录

报道了中国小菇属4个新记录种,即香小菇Mycena adonis、黄小菇Mycena luteopallens、绿缘小菇Mycena viridimarginata和基盘小菇Mycena stylobates,并提供了详尽的形态描述和线条图。研究标本存放在鲁东大学菌物标本馆（HMLD）和吉林农业大学菌物标本馆（HMJAU）。     

墨兰共生真菌一新种的分离、培养、鉴定及其生物活性

在对产于云南西双版纳的热带兰花菌根进行研究时,发现一分离自墨兰的菌株,菌丝纯白色,具典型的锁状连合,对其子实体的鉴定表明该菌株代表着一新分类单位——兰小菇Mycena orchidicola Fan et Guo sp.nov.同时,对该新种在兰科种子萌发中的作用作了初步探讨,结果表明该菌可侵入兰科种子,促进种子萌发。